한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

AM 라디오 방송국 송신소 인근 지역의 암 발생률

임형준,하미나,조수헌 대한산업의학회 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.3

목적 : 본 연구에서는 의료보험 청구자료, 인구센서스 자로를 이용하여 방송극 송신소 주변 지역 주민들에서의 전자파 노출과 악성림프종, 백혈병, 뇌암, 유방암 등의 암 발생과의 관련성을 연구하고자 하였다. 방법 : 출력이 100 Kw 이상인 라디오 방송국 송신소의 반경 2 km 이내에 위치한 10개의 지역을 전자파 노출지역으로 선정하고, 각각의 노출지역에 대해 비슷한 인구규모의 방송국 송신소가 없는 네 개의 대조지역을 선정하였다. 1995년에 시행된 전국민 인구센서스 자료와 1993년 11월부터 1996년 10월 사이의 기간동안 청구된 의료보험자료를 인용하여 연구 대상 지역의 인구 분포와 악성림프종, 백혈병, 뇌암, 유방암의 진단명으로 진료를 받은 사람에 대한 정보를 얻었으며, 이를 이용하여 노출지역과 대조지역의 해당 암의 표준화발생비를 구하여 유의성을 검정하였다. 결과 : 총 10개 지역중 백혈병의 경우 한 지역에서 발생률의 유의한 증가를 그리고 다른 한 지역에서 발생률의 유의한 감소를 보였고, 뇌암의 경우 한 지역에서 발생률의 유의한 증가를 보였으나 그 이외의 지역에서는 일관된 결과를 보이지 않았다. 악성 림프종 및 유방암의 경우 연구 대상지역 모두에서 발생률의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론 : 본 연구는 향후 보다 분석적인 연구 수행을 위한 전단계의 생태학적 연구형태를 취하고 있어 본 연구 결과로서 전자파와 암발생간의 인과관계를 명확히 할 수 없다는 한계점을 가지고 있다. 전자파와 암발생과의 관련성을 연구하기 위해서는 본 연구에서 파악된 노출지역과 대조지역의 연구대상자에 대한 교란변수 및 보다 정교한 전자파 노출 정보등을 파악하여 환자-대조군 연구형태와 같은 분석적인 연구를 수행하는 것이 필요하리라 생각된다. Objectives : Several studies have raised the possibility that exposure to electrical and/or magnetic fields may be particularly harmful in the promotion or initiation of cancer. The purpose of this study which was based on a geographical correlation design was to investigate any association that may exist between residing near radio broadcast towers and carcinogenic activity in Korea. Methods : In this study, the health effects of EMF of 10 AM radio broadcast towers in Korea were investigated. The electric powers of the towers were above 100kW. We chose exposed areas that were located within 2 km from the towers as well as four control regions which had similar populations in the same province(Do) but had no towers nearby. The incidence of leukemia, malignant lymphoma, brain tumor and breast cancer between the exposed areas and the control areas was compared. The standardized incidence ratios(SIRs) were calculated. Korean Medical Insurance data(between Nov, 1, 1993 and Oct, 31, 1996) was used for the cancer incidence estimation. The Nationwide Population Census data(in 1995) and the Resident Register data(in 1995) were used for information about population and locations. Results : Among the 10 exposed areas, one area for leukemia and one area for brain tumor showed a significantly high incidence compared to the control areas. There were no significant increased areas for malignant lymphoma and breast cancer. Conclusions : This study design must be considered to be exploratory and not used for determining causality. However, the results suggest the necessity for further analytical epidemiological studies that have a more precise exposure measurement scale and information on confounding factors.

피질이형성증과 동반된 난치성 간질의 외과적 치료

김형일,김연희,이민철,정애자,권지현,최하영,Andre Palmini 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1995 계명의대학술지 Vol.14 No.2

The advent of neuroimaging technique has enabled the accurate diagnosis of structural abnormalities associated with intractable epilepsy. Among these, neuronal migration disorders(NMDs) or cortical dysplasias(CDs) involving cerebral cortex are increasingly recognized as a major cause of intractable epilepsy. CDs are expressed as variety of forms depending upon the time of injury to the developing nervous system. CDs are highly and intrinsically epileptogenic. It is crucial to completely resect the epileptogenic zone in focal CDs for better seizure outcome. Hemispherectomy or multilobar resection is preferred for hemimegalencephaly. Callosotomy can be chosen in the diffuse CDs who have intractable drop attacks. However, resective surgery can benefit the selected patients with diffuse CDs if localizing information persists.

주의력 결핍 과잉행동장애 아동의 운동 수행이 사회기능변화에 미치는 영향

김은정,하형주 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

The ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) children (full age : 7~9) attending elementary school had golf putting exercise : 3 times a week, 10 putting each time. Measurement was made for 9 months on the standard artificial grass mat at the distances of 2.5m, 4m, and 5.5m. This experiment was accompanied with the questionnaire concerning ACTers (Attention Deficit with or without Hyperactivity Comprehensive Teacher's Rating Scale) to know the effects of the exercise on behavior adjustment in the periods of 3, 6, and 9 months. The following sums up the results from this study : 1. Attention concentration was improved to get better learning attitude and classwork. 2. The exercise learning had an insufficient effects on the decrease hyperactivity. 3. The skills of sociality were developed through the physical exercise activities. Therefore, the subjects could form sympathy with peer students and affirmative social acceptance. 4. The exercise learning brought about a little decrease in offensive tendency and animosity. 5. The exercise learning hardly affected their behavior toward the teacher and peer students. In sum, the golf putting exercise in this research had a positive effect on the behavioral change of the ADHD kids. Henceforth, it is thought to be an effective proposal for preventing, healing, and guiding ADHD, one of the important problem behavior disorders to be solved on the spot of child education.

Rolandic Cortical Dysplasia : 증례보고 Case Report

김형일,정채경,최하영,Palmini, Andre,이민철,이정청 대한신경외과학회 1994 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.23 No.6

The advent of MRI enables us to make an in-vivo diagnosis of cortical dysplastic lesions which are highly epiletogenic and show the variety of seizure patterns. Authors report a case of rolandic cortical dysplasia who had highly intractable focal motor clonic seizures. Invasive recording with subdural grid was very helpful in delinating the epileptogenic area as well as in functional mapping of eloquent areas. Total removal of dysplastic lesion could treat this highly intractable epilepsy successfully.

뇌성마비아를 위한 운동 프로그램에 관한 연구

함정은,이동건,하형주 東亞大學校附設스포츠科學硏究所 1998 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The purpose of this study is to comprehend the cerebral palsied children's walking ability and to make it possible for them to start walking earlier by presenting a special exercise program that can develop walking ability. To attain this goal, I chose 7 cerebral palsied children and had them work out according to the special exercise program 5 times a week, for 90 minutes each, for 13 months. The results were as follows : 1. 5 our of 7, [JU], [SU], [KI], [HY] and [PY] could walk almost normally ; this proves the efficiency of this program. 2. The reason [KA] and [BA] couldn't improve their walking ability as much as the others is individual difference, I might sat. 3. Individual differences in each exercise program were great but resistance, tension and an involuntary motion diminished on a large scale. 4. The presented special exercise program has caused cerebral palsied childen's reflective power and basic motor control power to increase remarkably.

하지방사통을 동반한 성인 협부결손성 요추전방전위증의 후방요추간유합술 및 추경나사고정술후 추적결과

최철,김근수,최하영,김철진,김형일,이정청 대한신경외과학회 1999 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.28 No.4

달맞이꽃 종자가 혈중 Cholesterol치 및 면역반응에 미치는 영향

신동규,최하영,김형일,이정청 대한신경외과학회 1992 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.21 No.3

달맞이꽃 종자가 생체 생리활성에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위한 지금까지의 수 많은 연구에도 불구하고 이의 투여가 혈청 cholesterol(CHO)치에 미치는 영향에 관해서는 논란이 많으며, 만약 달맞이꽃 종자를 투여함으로 혈청CHO치가 변화된다면 이로 인하여 생체 면역 반응이 변조될 가능성을 유추할 수 있음에도 불구하고 면역 반응에 있어서 달맞이꽃 종자가 CHO치와의 상호 작용을 규명키 위한 연구 보고는 전무하다. 이에 저자는 달맞이꽃 종자가 정상 동물의 혈중 CHO치에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 토끼에 달맞이꽃 종자(EPS)를 섭식시키거나 또는 그 추출물(EPE)을 투여한 후 경시적으로 혈청CHO치의 변동을 측정하였으며, 아울러 달맞이꽃 종자 투여에 의한 CHO치의 변화가 생체 내 세포성 및 체액성 면역반응에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 마우스에 EPE와 CHO를 단독 또는 병합 투여한 후 면양적혈구로 면역하여 족척종창 반응으로 측정한 Arthus반응과 지연성 과민반응(DTH) 그리고 적혈구 응집 항체가로 측정한 체액성 면역 반응에 미치는 달맞이꽃 종자의 영향을 측정하였던 바 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1) 혈중 CHO치는 EPS 및 EPE 모두 투여 4일까지는 유의한 영향을 보이지 않았으나, 이들을 계속 투여하면 대조에 비하여 현저히 저하되었으며, 그 저하의 정도는 EPE투여군에 비하여 EPS군에서 더욱 현저하였다. 2) Arthus반응은 EPE와 CHO를 단독 또는 혼합투여시 모두 유의한 영향을 받지 않았다. 3) DTH반응은 CHO단독 투여군에서는 유의한 영향을 받지 않았으나 EPE 단독 투여군에서는 현저히 저하되었으며, CHO는 EPE 투여에 의한 DTH반응의 감소를 유의하게 회복시켰다. 4) 항체 반응은 EPE 투여군에서는 현저히 그리고 CHO 투여군에서는 다소 저하되었으며 EPE와 CHO를 혼합 투여시는 CHO 단독 투여군에서의 그것과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 성적은 달맞이꽃 종자가 혈청 CHO치, DTH 및 항체 반응 모두를 저하시키며, 특히 EPE의 투여에 의한 면역 반응의 감소는 EPE의 혈청 CHO감소 작용에 부분적으로 의존함을 제시한다. Evening primrose oil(EPO), which contains 72% cis-linoleic acid and 9% cisgamma linolenic acid, has been clinically used for treatment of number of diseases in human and animals. And it is also known to lower cholesterol(CHO) level of hypercholesterolaemic individuals. But the role of EPO as CHO-suppressant is controversal, and the relationship of EPO to CHO level in immune regulating activities is unclear at present. To evaluate the effect of evening primrose on the normal plasma CHO-levels. rabbits were fed with evening primrose seed(EPS) or injected with evening primrose seed-extract(EPE), and measured the plasma CHO-levels by duration of treatment. Both of EPS and EPE did not influence the plasma CHO-levels until 4 day treatment and thereafter the levels were significantly reduced. For the investigation of the EPE-effect on immune response to sheep erythrocytes(SRBC), mice were injected with EPE for 4 days before SRBC-sensitization or with CHO just before SRBC. Sensitization or with CHO in regulating effect of immune response was evaluated by the measuring the footpad swelling reaction and antibody response to SRBC. EPE itself did not influence Arthus reaction but it remarkable reduced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and antibody production in comparison with control. CHO slightly increased Arthus reaction and DTH, but it somewhat decreased antibody responses. However, CHO significantly recovered the EPE-induced decrement of DTH and humoral immunity. These results led to that conclusion the evening primrose triggers the decrease of plasma CHO-levels and immune responses, and suggested that the mechanisms responsible for the nonspecific immune inhibitory effect of evening primrose might be partially due to the decrement of the CHO-levels.

불안정성 흉요추체 방출형 골절 환자에서 기구를 이용한 고정술의 결과

안병조,이정청,김재은,김형일,김철진,최하영 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.9

Fifty six patients with unstable thoracolumbar bursting fractures were treated using variable internal fixation devices such as the Kaneda Anterior Fixation System(Kaneda device), the Z-Plate-ATL^(TM) Anterior Fixation System(Z-Plate ATL^(TM)device), the Harrington device. Cotrel-Dudousset(CD) or Compact Cotrel Dubousset(CCD) device of Steffee Transpedicular System with or without decompression. Suchy internal fixation devices were grouped into anterior and posterior internal fixation devices and compared with each other in the aspect of the degree of neurological improvement, the changes of the vertebral height and the kyphotic angle, the duration of admission, and postoperative complications. In conclusion, the anterior internal fixation device appears to be of more benefit in the management of patients with unstable thoracolumbar bursting fracture

3D point cloud map reconstruction of cultural assets and terrain

Ha-Hyoung Jung,Jin-Ha Park,Joon Lyou 제어로봇시스템학회 2016 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

In this paper, we propose a method of generating 3D point clouds of terrain and cultural assets using the images acquired by ground and aerial photography. 3D point cloud data are made actually through the camera calibration process and image matching process. From 3D point cloud data, camera intrinsic and extrinsic parameters are calculated, and the point cloud data and the camera parameters are optimized by the bundle adjustment method. Experiments results illustrate the validity and utilization of the present 3D point cloud map reconstruction.