Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

Evaluation of Agronomic Stability of North Korean Rice Varieties using Statistical Models

O-Young Jeong,Jeom-Ho Lee,Ha-Cheol Hong,Eung-Gi Jeong,Jin-Soo Paek,Chang-Ihn Yang,Yong-Hee Jeon,Myeong-Ki Kim,Kyu-Seong Lee,Sae-Jun Yang,Young-Tae Lee 韓國作物學會 2008 한국작물학회지 Vol.53 No.1

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the agronomic stability of North Korean rice varieties using the statistical model developed by Grafius, Finlay, and Ever hart. The lowest yearly variation based on coefficients of variation was found in Hannam 29 for number of panicles per hill, in Sijoong 9 for number of grains per panicle, in Pyeongyang 3 for ripened grain ratio, in Sijoong 16 for 1,000 grain weight, and in Yeomju 1 for grain yield. By Grafius's model, Pyeongbook 3, Weonsan 66 in early maturing groups and Seohaechalbyeo in medium maturing groups show stable for 3 years. Weonsan 66 in early maturing groups and Seohaechalbyeo in medium maturing groups were found to be highly stable as analyzed by both Finlay and Wilkinson's model and Everhart & Russell's model. With reference to three models, Weonsan 66 was highly stable for 3 years with showing more yield than Odaebyeo in early maturing groups while Seohaechalbyeo was highly stable for 3 years with showing high yield than Hwaseongbyeo in medium maturing groups above 5~;t~;ha-1 of milled rice respectively.

Evaluation of Agronomic Stability of North Korean Rice Varieties using Statistical Models

Jeong, O-Young,Lee, Jeom-Ho,Hong, Ha-Cheol,Jeong, Eung-Gi,Paek, Jin-Soo,Yang, Chang-Ihn,Jeon, Yong-Hee,Kim, Myeong-Ki,Lee, Kyu-Seong,Yang, Sae-Jun,Lee, Young-Tae The Korean Society of Crop Science 2008 한국작물학회지 Vol.53 No.1

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the agronomic stability of North Korean rice varieties using the statistical model developed by Grafius, Finlay, and Ever hart. The lowest yearly variation based on coefficients of variation was found in Hannam 29 for number of panicles per hill, in Sijoong 9 for number of grains per panicle, in Pyeongyang 3 for ripened grain ratio, in Sijoong 16 for 1,000 grain weight, and in Yeomju 1 for grain yield. By Grafius's model, Pyeongbook 3, Weonsan 66 in early maturing groups and Seohaechalbyeo in medium maturing groups show stable for 3 years. Weonsan 66 in early maturing groups and Seohaechalbyeo in medium maturing groups were found to be highly stable as analyzed by both Finlay and Wilkinson's model and Everhart & Russell's model. With reference to three models, Weonsan 66 was highly stable for 3 years with showing more yield than Odaebyeo in early maturing groups while Seohaechalbyeo was highly stable for 3 years with showing high yield than Hwaseongbyeo in medium maturing groups above $5\;t\;ha^{-1}$ of milled rice respectively.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

순천대학교 의과대학 및 한의과대학 설립의 타당성 연구

하동수,홍영기 순천대학교 1996 大學發展硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-

At the time of the sixtieth anniversary of opening Sunchon National University(SNU), we are going ahead with a plan, the establishment of a medical college and an Oriental medical college, to be born again into an university serving our community and the second take-off. The eastern community in which SNU is located is a place that traffic accidents and industrial disaster take place most frequently in Korea. Unfortunately, however, we don't have any special and systematic medical institution. To this reason, we have examined all things connected with the establishment of a medical college and an oriental medical college for providing much better medical service for the local resident and epoch-making improvement of inferior medical facilities in our community. And we have also collected public opinion which amount to about 1,000,000 people. As a result, we come to a conclusion as follows. 1. It is positively necessary for us to found a medical college and an oriental medical college in Chonnam with no the third medical institution. Moreover, in Chonnam the ratio of doctors to patients is 1 : 2,370. And only one percent of the whole herb doctors is working in this community. This figures can speak for themselves. Such trend is expected to deepen with the lapse of time. That's why we need a medical college and an oriental college and an oriental medical college to carry out balanced medical policy in Chonnam. 2. We feel keenly the necessity of the establishment of a medical college and an oriental medical college in Chonnam-Sunchon area where industrial disaster and traffic accidents occur frequently. By doing this, we can reduce the loss of lives by accidents and provide the people of farming and fishing communities with better quality of medical service. 3. We request for the establishment of a medical college and an oriental medical college because our university has the necessary and sufficient condition as stated above. If those college are established in SNU, the national university, it can solve the problems mentioned above. We are sure to produce satisfactory results in improving our underdevelopment medical environment remarkably. However, university authorities also have to make an effort to get relevant particulars ready for the foundation of a medical college and an oriental medical college.

아시아태평양지역 협력체제의 전망과 과제

하영선,김인준,김기환 서울대학교 국제지역원 1996 국제지역연구 Vol.5 No.3

1990suseo 들어 아시아태평양지역의 협력체제를 추진하기 위한 논의가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 이는 1980년대 이후 이 지역의 두드러진 경제성장과 역내 의존성의 증가를 배경으로 한 것이다. 특히 탈냉전에 따른 지역안보상황의 변화, 경제개방과 WTO체제의 출범, 그리고 배타적 지역주의의 대두 등은 이 지역에서 협력 체제의 형성을 더욱 시급하고 중대한 과제로 만들고 있다. 그동안 APEC을 중심으로 전개된 협력 체제 논의는 시장개방을 통한 경제공동체의 형성에 초점을 두어 왔다. 그러나 매우 광범위한 아시아태평양지역은 경제적 이해관계뿐만 아니라 정치군사적 관심과 사회문화적 배경이 다양한 만은 나라들을 포함하고 있다. 아시아태평양지역은 유럽이나 북미지역에 비하여 경제협력의 역사적 경험이 적다. 또한 정치군사적, 사회문화적 요인들이 개방과 경제협력에 큰 영향을 미칠 것이다. 본 논문은 시장개방과 경제협력, 정치군사적 협력, 사회문화적 협력, 역내 하위 지역주의와의 관계, 역외의 대단위 지역주의와의 관계 등 아시아태평양지역 협력 체제 형성 논의의 주요 쟁점들을 검토하고 있다. 협력문제의 쟁점들을 고려한다면, 현재 역내에서 이루어지고 있는 경제적 정치군사적 주도권 경쟁은 별로 바람직하지 않으며, 정치군사, 경제, 사회문화의 각 차원에서 보다 포괄적이고 균형된 노력을 기울여야 할 것이다. Much has been discussed on formining the cooperation system in the Asia-Pacific area in 1990's. It is mainly due to the remarkable economic growth and the increasing interdependence within this area. Changing situations of regional security since the end of the cold war, economic opening and the launching of WTO system, and the presence of exclusive regionalism make the cooperation in Asia-Pacific area more urgent and more important. Discussions on the cooperation issues in APEC have mainly focused on forming a regional economic community such as EU and NAFTA. But the Asia-Pacific is a vast region and it contains many countries having various political-military interests and sociocultural settings as well as economic interests. This area has realtively poor historical experience of economic cooperation to Europe and North America. Political-military factors and sociocultural factors will influence economic liveralization and deregulation. This report examines the central issues of forming the cooperation system in Asia-Pacific area, which include market access and economic cooperation, political-military cooperation, sociocultural cooperation, relations with the sub-regionalism within this area, relations with other largescale blocs beyond this area. Consideration on these issues offers the alternative views to mere economic liveralizaion; Competition for the economic or political-military hegemony will have harmful impacts on cooperation. And more inclusive and more balanced efforts are needed in polical-military, economic, and sociocultural dimensions.

응집 침전에 의한 상수 원수 중의 용존 유기물 제거

하기성,정진영,이병선 釜慶大學校 1998 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.3 No.2

Surface water, as the using of raw water, usually contains several kind of organic matter. which also including natural organic matter(NOM). The organic matter produce disinfection by products(DBPs) which is created in process of the treatment of drinking water by lots of disinfection drugs. Therefore it is demanded that the DBPs should be more effectually deleted. In this report, it is estimated that removal of organic matter efficiency of each utilities coagulation settling, which using Nakdong river as raw water. And also estimated turbidity and organic matter removal ratio as per changing of pH and usual the treatment of drinking water condition. As the result, total organic carbon(TOC) concentration of suriace water of Nakdong river was researched 3∼7mg/L and in the process of coagulation at the major utilities TOC removal ratio is 15∼33%. Ortimum coagulation pH range of turbidity and organic matter remove was different each other, that was 6.5∼7.0 for turbidity and 5.5∼6.0 for organic matter. The property of remained organic matter on the process of coagulation. settling is turned out usually hydrophilic organic matter.

두 개 학교에서 동시에 발생한 SRSV 감염증의 역학적 양상 및 바이러스의 유전적 양상

기현균,정영화,정재근,서진종,김선희,기혜영,천두성,지영미,하동룡 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.2

배경 : SRSV는 바이러스에 의한 설사의 주요 원인병원체이다. 그러나 SRSV가 집단 식중독의 원인 병원체로 발견된 경우는 많지 않으며 특히 일정한 지역사회 내에서의 바이러스의 유전적인 다양성에 대한 연구는 없는 상황이다. 이러한 점에 착안하여 저자 등은 2개 학교에서 같은 시기에 동시에 발생한 SRSV 식중독의 역학적인 양상을 기술하며 식중독에서 나타난 SRSV의 유전학적인 변이를 기술하고자 한다. 방법 : 학교에서의 조사를 위하여 집단 식중독이 발생한 두 학교의 학생을 면접하여 인구학적 자료, 증상여부 및 증상의 종류, 섭취한 음식의 종류 등에 대하여 조사하였다. 미생물학적 검사를 위하여 4종의 세균과(Shigella spp. Salmonella spp. E. coli O157 : H7) 3종의 바이러스에 대하여 검사를 실시하였다(Norwalk agent, SRSV, adenovirus, and astrovirus). 결과 : 조사결과 두 학교에서의 증상자 수는 193명이었으며(193/2,843. 6.8%) 환자 증상일의 분포곡선은 단일정점을 보이는 양상이었다. 나타난 증상으로는 복통(176/193, 91.2%), 두통(111/193, 57.5%), 구토(102/193, 52.8%), 설사(83/193, 43.0%), 열감(79/193, 40.9%), 오심(73/193, 37.8%), 오한(49/193, 25.4%), 후중기의 순이었다(8/193, 4.1%). 실험실 검사결과 9건의 검체에서 SRSV가 PCR로 확인되었으며 RNA polymerase에 대한 DNA sequencing 결과 두 학교에서 각각 2개의 genogroup (Genogroup Ⅰ, Ⅱ)과 3개의 genotype이 발견되었다. 결론 : 본 연구결과 두 학교에서 동시에 발생한 SRSV에 의한 집단 감염증을 확인하였으며 3개의 다른 genotype을 각각의 학교에서 확인하였다. 본 연구의 의의는 같은 시기에 집단으로 발생한 SRSV 감염증이라도 서로 다른 유전형이 발견될 수 있음을 제시하였으며 추후 지역사회 및 국내에서의 SRSV 감염증에서 발견된 유전형과의 차이에 대한 연구가 진행되어야 함을 시사하는데 있다. Background: Small round structured virus (SRSV) is one of the common etiologic agents of viral gastroenteritis in childhood. However, SRSV has not easily been detected in many diarrheal outbreaks. Therefore, we experienced simultaneous outbreak of SRSV enteritis in two elementary schools, therefore, we analyzed the result of the surveillance. Methods: We interviewed the pupil of two schools and questioned their demographic data, presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, contact with symptomatic persons within the last two weeks, and dietary history within the last one week in school. The specimens of the symptomatic pupil were collected for identification of bacteria (Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, E.coli O157:H7) and viruses (Norwalk agent, SRSV, adenovirus, and astrovirus). Results: The number of symptomatic patients was 193 (193/2843, 6.8%) and the distribution of symptom onset was unipolar. Frequent symptoms of the patients were abdominal pain (176/193, 91.2%), headache (111/193, 57.5%), vomiting (102/193, 52.8%), diarrhea (83/ 193, 43.0%), febrile sense (79/193, 40.9%), nausea (73/193, 37.8%), chilling (49/193, 25.4%), and tenesmus (8/193, 4.1%). We identified SRSV in 9 cases by PCR method, and analyzed the RNA polymerase gene by DNA sequencing; 2 genogroup (Genogroup Ⅰ, Ⅱ) and 3 genotype. Conclusion: We confirmed SRSV enteritis with different genotypes in two concurrent outbreaks. DNA sequencing and comparison of genotype among the isolated SRSV in near future are be necessary

수평절골술에 의한 턱 성형술

정영하,최기영,김석권 대한성형외과학회 1992 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.19 No.3

Many methods are used for genioplasty, such as alloplastic implants, horizontal osteotomy, bone or cartilarge graft and so on. Among these methods, alloplastic implants and horizontal osteotomy are most frequently used. Augmentation of chin with a silastic rubber implant is the procedure of choice for mild form of microgenia. But this technique has disadvantages of possible malposition or bone erosion and is contraindicated in the patients with a moderate to severe degree of microgenia, which are apparent in both sagittal(anteroposterior) and horizontal dimensions. The preferred technique is the horizontal osteotomy, which yields excellent results, even in the difficult cases such as implant failure, asymmetry, or vertical mandibular disproportion. It is a safe, reliable, and simple procedure that is relatively free of either significant side effects or complications. We performed 6 cases of horizontal osteotomy and concluded as follows., 1. The procedure is relatively simple 2. This method is widely applicable to various conditions of chin deformity, and especially more natural degree of microgenia. 3. It effectively influences soft tissue in submental region as well as bone contour with a more natural aesthetic results. 4. The osteotomy line should be placed at least 2mm inferiorly to mental formen. 5. It is safe and relatively free of complications with maximal aesthetic results.

인터넷 방송에서의 트래픽 에이전트 시스템에 관한 연구

김현기,고주영,이인수,이하운 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-

An internet broadcasting technology is to transmit various multimedia contents to a variety of customers on internet. It supports interactive services and on-demand services unlike TV broadcasting. In this paper, we study on the traffic agent systems for internet broadcasting. It requires to save backup path addresses for the efficiency and stable transmissions, The backup paths are searched on the same level in each node's parents level, If the node is not connected, the traffic agent connects primary node and backup paths rapidly. Proposed system can save the nodes for backup paths efficiently and reconstruct backup path rapidly.