Interaction between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism and Recent Negative Stressor in Harm Avoidance

Kim, Seog Ju,Cho, Seong-Jin,Jang, Ha Min,Shin, Jonghan,Park, Pil-Whan,Lee, Yu Jin,Cho, In Hee,Choi, Jung-Eun,Lee, Heon-Jeong S. Karger AG 2009 Neuropsychobiology Vol.61 No.1

<P>There have been controversial results regarding the association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism and anxiety-related traits such as harm avoidance (HA). We aimed to investigate the interaction between <I>BDNF</I> Val66Met polymorphism and negative life stressors in HA. <I>BDNF</I> Val66Met polymorphism was genotyped in 391 community-dwelling Koreans (152 males, 239 females; 43.2 ± 14.1 years old). The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies for Depression Scale (CES-D) were self applied. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders and face-to-face interviews investigating negative life stressors within the last 6 months were also performed. There was no significant difference in TCI score, major depressive disorder prevalence and CES-D score among the 3 genotypes (94 Met/Met, 188 Val/Met and 109 Val/Val subjects). There was no significant difference in TCI scores between subjects with stressors and those without stressors, while more common major depressive episodes (p = 0.03) and higher CES-D scores (p < 0.001) were found in subjects with stressors. However, there was a significant interaction between the <I>BDNF</I> genotype and negative life stressors in HA (p = 0.02). Only subjects with the Val/Val genotype showed higher HA with recent negative stressors. Our finding suggests that <I>BDNF</I> Val66Met polymorphism might influence HA by interacting with recent negative stress experience.</P><P>Copyright © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>

The Homologous Tripartite Viral RNA Polymerase of A/Swine/Korea/CT1204/2009(H1N2) Influenza Virus Synergistically Drives Efficient Replication and Promotes Respiratory Droplet Transmission in Ferrets

Pascua, Philippe Noriel Q.,Song, Min-Suk,Kwon, Hyeok-Il,Lim, Gyo-Jin,Kim, Eun-Ha,Park, Su-Jin,Lee, Ok-Jun,Kim, Chul-Joong,Webby, Richard J.,Webster, Robert G.,Choi, Young-Ki American Society for Microbiology 2013 Journal of virology Vol.87 No.19

<P>We previously reported that influenza A/swine/Korea/1204/2009(H1N2) virus was virulent and transmissible in ferrets in which the respiratory-droplet-transmissible virus (CT-Sw/1204) had acquired simultaneous hemagglutinin (HA<SUB>D225G</SUB>) and neuraminidase (NA<SUB>S315N</SUB>) mutations. Incorporating these mutations into the nonpathogenic A/swine/Korea/1130/2009(H1N2, Sw/1130) virus consequently altered pathogenicity and growth in animal models but could not establish efficient transmission or noticeable disease. We therefore exploited various reassortants of these two viruses to better understand and identify other viral factors responsible for pathogenicity, transmissibility, or both. We found that possession of the CT-Sw/1204 tripartite viral polymerase enhanced replicative ability and pathogenicity in mice more significantly than did expression of individual polymerase subunit proteins. In ferrets, homologous expression of viral RNA polymerase complex genes in the context of the mutant Sw/1130 carrying the HA<SUB>225G</SUB> and NA<SUB>315N</SUB> modifications induced optimal replication in the upper nasal and lower respiratory tracts and also promoted efficient aerosol transmission to respiratory droplet contact ferrets. These data show that the synergistic function of the tripartite polymerase gene complex of CT-Sw/1204 is critically important for virulence and transmission independent of the surface glycoproteins. Sequence comparison results reveal putative differences that are likely to be responsible for variation in disease. Our findings may help elucidate previously undefined viral factors that could expand the host range and disease severity induced by triple-reassortant swine viruses, including the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, and therefore further justify the ongoing development of novel antiviral drugs targeting the viral polymerase complex subunits.</P>

원발성 연수 출혈증 1예

하현욱,한정호,이정석,송은향,김우정,김두응,최진영 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2000 건국의과학학술지 Vol.10 No.-

Pure primary medullary hemorrhage is a rare condition, which is characterized by ipsilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy and contralateral hemiparesis. The hemorrhage usually extended to medial and ventral medulla, these two characteristic signs distinguished from the classical presentation of Wallenberg's lateral medullary syndrome. A 53-years-old man was admitted with sudden onset left sides weakness and vertigo. Neurologic examination showed dysarthria, mild dysphagia, Horner syndrome of right side, spontaneous horizontal jerking nystagmus to left side and right deviation of tongue at protrusion. Pain and temperature sensation of left trunk, left extremity and right face were decreased. Brain CT scan and brain MRI revealed focal hemorrhage in the right medulla. We report a case of pure primary medullary hemorrhage with undetermined etiology.

음양곽과 함초의 간독성에 대한 연관성

하배진,남천석,박은경,강금석 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 2006 自然科學論文集 Vol.15 No.-

In the present study the hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects of Epimedium koreanum (EK) and Salicornia herbacea (SH) were investigated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl_(4))-induced liver damage in rats. EK and SH (100 mg/kg) were administered into rats intraperitoneally (i.p) for 2 weeks. After CCl_(4) a dose of 3.3ml/kg was administered to induce hepatotoxicity. This antioxidative effects of EK and SH on CCl_(4) -treated rats were measured through the activity of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum and Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) in liver tissue. EK or SH-administered and CCl_(4) -treated (ECT or SCT) groups showed inhibitory effects in AST and ALT activities compared to CCl_(4) -treated control (CTC) group. SOD and CAT in ECT and SCT groups were increased compared to those of CTC group.

2005년 약국에서 판매된 코감기약

하기철,정문현,이진수,조래정,이혜경,김은실 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.1

Background:Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are the most common infections in developed countries and are the major reasons for the consumption of medicines including antibiotics. In Korea, antibiotics and glucocorticoids were dispensed by pharmacies without prescriptions before July 2000, when the dispensation of antibiotics without doctor's prescriptions was prohibited. The objective of this study is to investigate the rate of antibiotic dispensation by pharmacies for the treatment of common cold and to identify the dispensing pattern for URI management in 2005, i.e., 5 years after the establishment of the prohibition policy. Materials and Methods:In August 2005, medical students visited 90 drugstores in three cities (Seoul, Chonan, and Chunchun) and received medications for the treatment of illnesses that simulate the common cold, i.e., rhinorrhea and nasal stuffiness that had lasted for one day and were not accompanied by fever. The components of the dispensed medicines were identified by pharmacists at a university hospital. Results:All the components of the dispensed medicines were identifiable in 85 cases (94.4%), and the mean number of medicines was 1.36 (S.D.±0.724); no difference was observed among the three cities. The antibiotics ampicillin and chloramphenicol were identified in two pharmacies in Seoul and Chunchun, respectively. Glucocorticoids were not dispensed in any case, and a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug was dispensed in only one case. Compound medicines are increasingly used as cold remedies; the components of the most frequently dispensed medicine were acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine, and pseudoephedrine. Herbal medicines were also frequently included in cold remedies (38.9%); licorice (30%) and ginger (26%) were the two most frequently used medicinal herbs. Conclusion:There was a marked decrease in the dispensation of antimicrobials, glucocorticoids, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs without doctor's prescriptions. Chloramphenicol continued to be dispensed as a URI medication. Increased use of compound and herbal medicines as cold remedies suggests a need for the evaluation of the additional benefits of herbal medicines, their adverse effects, and the drug interactions between herbal and conventional medicines. 배경 : 상기도 감염은 선진국에서 발생하는 가장 흔한 감염증이어서 이를 치료하기 위해 투여되는 약제는 전체약제 소모의 중요한 원인이며, 약제 부작용, 경제적 손실, 항균제 내성 유발에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 한국에서는 의약분업이 시행된 2000년 이전에는 항균제나 부신피질호르몬의 처방이 약국에서 자유롭게 되었지만, 의약분업이 시행되면서 감소하였을 것으로 추정되나 이에 대한 연구는 없었다. 이에 약국에서 판매되는 감기약에 항균제가 얼마나 포함되는지를 조사하고 판매되는 감기약의 실정을 알기 위해 이번 조사를 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2005년 8월 11일과 12일에 걸쳐 서울, 춘천, 천안의 개원 약국을 대상으로 의과대학 학생이 직접 방문하여 조사하였다. 비염(발열이 동반되지 않은 1일간의 콧물과 코막힘)을 주소로 하여 감기약을 받았으며, 이를 대학병원의 약품정보실 근무 전문 약사가 동정하였다. 결과 : 판매한 모든 약을 확인할 수 있는 경우가 85건(94.4%)이었다. 약의 종류는 1.36(S.D.±0.724)종이였으며, 지역별 차이는 없었다. 2개(2.2%) 약국에서 판매한 감기약에 항균제가 포함되었고, 서울과 천안에서 각각 1개 약국이었다. 서울 약국에서는 ampicillin이, 춘천에서는 chloramphenicol이 포함되었다. 부신피질호르몬이 포함된 경우는 없었으며, 비스테로이성 항염증제로는 이부프로펜 1건(1.1%)만이 있었다. 복합 감기약의 사용이 늘었으며, 3가지 성분을 포함한 경우가 제일 흔해 acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine, pseudoephedrine의 조합이었다. 한약제가 감기약에 포함된 경우는 35건(38.9%)이었고, 흔한 성분은 감초와 생강 또는 건강(ginger)이었다. 결론 : 의약분업 이후 약국에서 처방된 감기약에는 항균제, 부신피질호르몬, 비스테로이드 항염제의 판매는 급격히 감소하였다. Chloramphenicol이 아직도 감기 치료제로 판매되고 있으며, 복합 감기약의 사용이 늘었고, 생약이 흔히 포함되어 이의 효과 판정, 부작용, 약물 상호작용에 대한 조사가 필요하다.

아크릴아미드 고정 구멍갈파래에 의한 중금속 Cd(Ⅱ), Pb(Ⅱ) 이온의 흡착특성 (Ⅰ)-Column법

박광하,권영두,정영진,장은경 한국공업화학회 2004 공업화학 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구에서는 동해안 해조류인 구멍갈파래를 아크릴아미드에 고정하여, Cd(Ⅱ) 및 Pb(Ⅱ) 중금속 이온의 흡착 특성을 살펴보았다. 수순한 Ulva pertusa 및 Si-Ulva pertusa 흡착제보다는 아크릴아미드에 고정화된 Ulva pertusa의 경우 많은 양의 중금속이 흡착되었으며, Pb(Ⅱ) 이온이 Cu(Ⅱ) 이온보다 더 잘 흡착되는 것으로 나타났다. 흡착제의 농도가 작은 경우 중금속 이온의 흡착량은 pH에 큰 영향이 없었으나, 흡착제의 농도가 클 경우 중금속 이온의 흡착량은 pH에 큰 영향을 받았다. pH에 따른 중금속 이온의 흡착량은 pH 10.5 > 8.5 > 7.0 > 5.5 > 3.5 순으로 나타났다. 아크릴아미드에 고정화된 Ulva pertusa의 단위 질량에 대해 Cd(Ⅱ) 및 Pb(Ⅱ) 이온의 최대 흡착량은 각각 최대 8.73 ㎎과 13.20 ㎎으로 나타났다. 또한 Cd(Ⅱ) 및 Pb(Ⅱ) 이온의 회수율은 pH에 따라 다소 차이가 있었으나, 각각 61.3~75.5% 및 61.4~54.1%로 나타났다. 중금속 이온의 회수에 있어서 산성 조건이 알칼리성 조건보다 효율적이었으며, 본 실험에 의한 중금속 이온의 흡착 특성은 Freundlich 흡착 특성과 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. Adsoprtion characteristics of Cd(II) and Pb(II: heavy metal ions onto the Acrylamide-immobilized Ulva pertusa, and algae of the eastern coastal area. was examined in this work. Much amounts of heavy metal ions were adsorbed onto the Acrylamide-immobilized than either bare Ulva pertusa or Si-Ulva pertusa. It was also observed that Pb(II) was more readily adsorbed on the algae that Cu(II). The adsorption amounts of heavy metal ions showed no great dependence on the pH value at low adsorbent concentration, but those were high dependent on pH value at high adsorbent concentration. The adsorption amounts of heavy metal ions were in the following order; pH 10.5 > 8.5 > 7.0 > 5.5 > 3.5. The maximum adsorption amounts of Cd(II) and PB(II) onto Ig of Acrylamide-immobilized Ulva pertusa were 8.73 mg and 13.20 mg, respectively. It was found that recovery yields of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions were in the range of 61.3∼75.5% and 61.4∼54.1% depending on the pH level. In the heavy metal recovery, acidic condition was more efficient that alkaline condition. The adsorption behavior of these heavy metal ions was well matched with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm.

정신종양학의 역사와 현황

함봉진,심은정,김하경,김종흔 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.5

Cancer statistics shows a high risk and increasing incidence of cancer among Koreans. Considerable burdens related to cancer and its treatment causes significant psychosocial distress among cancer patients and their family. Due to early detection and progress in cancer treatments, cancer is becoming a chronic illness and the quality of life and long-term impact of cancer is receiving increasing attention. Psycho-oncology is a subspecialty of oncology that addresses a psychosocial dimension of cancer throughout 'the continuum of cancer care', viz. from prevention and early detection to palliative and end-of-life care. This paper reviews the development of psycho-oncology and its current status in international and national context so as to promote efforts toward an integrative cancer care in Korea.

유아교육기관의 운영관리 및 유아기 프로그램 평가

이소은,하진희,류혜선,박영주,주은혜,이종순 충북대학교 교육생활연구소 2001 생활과학연구논총 Vol.4 No.-

This purposes of this study were to assess the state of current administration and program contents in early childhood institutes. Using APECP(Assessnt Profile for Early Childhood Programs), assesment data were gathered from 27 apprentices in child care centers and 6 apprentices in Kindergarten in Cheongju. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze data. The result were as follows : (1) The distribution of percentile rate in administration was from 55% to 78%, and the area of Program Development scored the lowest. The assessments for Kindergarten were higher than those of child care center in the areas of Physical Facility, Food Service, and Program Management. (2) As for the program contents, percentile rate was from 62% to 80%, and generally the assessments for Kindergarten were higher than those of child care center. It appears that the certification and assessment system for ealry childhood institutions should be supervised more strongly in order to improve the qulaity of those institutions.

산업 근로자의 구강건강실태 및 구강질환 관련요인에 관한 연구

김혜진,박천만,우극현,이은숙,이종렬,하은경 대한보건협회 2002 대한보건연구 Vol.28 No.2

To maintain and improve workers' oral health, I investigated and analyzed the oral health status of workers, who are working at companies located in Koomi City. The results of the investigation and analysis are as follows. 1. Regarding the general properties of investigated objects, the male ratio of whole objects(1299 persons) occupied 86.6% the larger percentage, the persons from 20ages to 29ages in terms of age distribution occupied 35.6%, and the high school graduators in the respect of education occupied 75.3%. As for the property of duties, technical workers occupied 83.6% the larger percentage. In the drinking frequency of habits, one or two times drinking per week occupied 34.1% in case of male, and no drinking occupied 62.9% in case of female. 2. In the existence and nonexistence of oral disease depends on the general property of each objects, many females have an oral disease in comparison with males(p<.05), many persons with low education level have an oral disease(p<.001), and lots of self-boarding persons have an oral disease compared to the persons stayed at own home or dormitory(p<.05). In the existence and nonexistence of oral disease depends on living habits, the more male has a drinking capacity, the more has an oral disease(p<.05). And, the more male is smoking, the more has an oral disease(p<.05). When examine oral disease in accordance with cubjective healthy condition, there were many respondents answered that I have a decayed tooth or periodontitis in comparison with respondents did that I' m healthy(p<.001). In the existence and nonexistence of oral disease depends on oral health control practices and recognition, the persons received scaling for the latest one year had show a few of oral diseases significantly(p<.001). 3. As a result of Logistics Regression Analysis by putting oral disease as a dependent variable, the person who does not receive scaling, does smoking, has a low education level, does work at company for a short time, experiences lots of subjective symptoms, and does drinking, has a possibility that he/she can be infected easily with oral disease. As a whole of the above results, regular oral checkup every year shall be strengthen in its quality and quantity. In particular, the activation of oral health education to prevent oral disease may make workers' oral health and their life quality to be improved. Accordingly, in oral health education for workers, the more systematic and effective program shall be developed and the supports in government policy shall be needed.

뇌동맥류파열에 의한 뇌지주막하출혈 환자의 수술시기에 따른 예후 분석

손진열,박인성,황수현,백선하,김은상,정진명,김재형,한종우 대한신경외과학회 1999 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.28 No.3