Overexpression of Zoysia ZjCIGR1 gene confers cold stress resistance to zoysiagrass

Yang‑Ji Kim,Dae‑Hwa Yang,Mi‑Young Park,Hyeon‑Jin Sun,Pill‑Soon Song,Hong‑Gyu Kang,Seok‑Cheol Suh,Yong‑Eok Lee,이효연 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.1

Zoysia japonica Steud. is a warm-season lawn grass popular in Korea and elsewhere. They are cultivated in many places such as river banks, roadside, and play grounds. However, there still is a disadvantage of frequent mowing, and the grass grows poorly under the chilly conditions. To develop a grass variety that circumvents these drawbacks, we cloned the chitininducible gibberellins-responsive1 gene (CIGR1) from zoysiagrass. The full length of the ZjCIGR1 (Zj; Zoysia japonica Steud.) gene was obtained by 5′/3′ RACE PCR and the phylogenetic tree showed that it belonged to the CIGR1-subgroup in the PAT1-group of GRAS protein family. Expression of the ZjCIGR1 in wild-type plants was confirmed in roots, meristems, leaves, and flowers, especially high in the flowers. The transgenic zoysiagrass was confirmed by PCR using gene-specific primers, phosphinothricin-acetyl-transferase (PAT) strip test, and Southern blot analysis. ZjCIGR1-overexpressing plants acquired tolerance to cold stress displaying morphological phenotypes characteristic of stress resistance. In addition, in the transformants, expression of the ZjCIGR1 as well as cold-regulated (COR) gene was increased compared to the wild-type plants under cold stress condition. These results suggest that ZjCIGR1 gene is an important candidate for regulating cold stress resistance.

Effect of Impact Load on Splice Length of Reinforcing Bars

Hyeon?Jong Hwang,Fan Yang,Li Zang,Jang?Woon Baek,Gao Ma 한국콘크리트학회 2020 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.14 No.5

Impact loading damage of reinforced concrete (RC) members deteriorates bond strength of reinforcing bars. To understand the effect of strain rate on the bond strength of reinforcing bars in RC beams under impact load, drop hammer test was performed on twenty-four simply supported RC beams with lap spliced bars at the mid-span. The test parameters were reinforcing bar diameter, splice length, drop height, and hammer mass. The dynamic responses including the impact load history, mid-span deflection history, crack distribution, and strain history of reinforcing bar were evaluated. Although the designed bar development length was 31–69% of the requirement of current design codes under static load, the tensile strength of bar splices was greater than the dynamic yield strength when subjected to large impact energy under impact load. On the basis of the test results, existing design equations for the bar development length under static load were modified to consider the impact loading effect on the bond strength. Factors related to the strain rate effect of materials, impact damage, and impact energy loss were proposed. The prediction of the proposed method agreed well with the tensile strength of bar splices under impact load.

충격하중을 받는 Al 박육부재의 에너지흡수 제어특성

양용준,황우채,서현경,김정호,심재기,양인영 한국공작기계학회 2007 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

In this study, concerns the crashworthiness of the widely used vehicle structure, square thin-walled tubes, which are excellent on the point of the energy absorbing capacity. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the energy absorption characteristics of thin-walled square tubes subjected to dynamic crushing by axial loading to develop the optimum structural members. The impact velocity was tested in the rage 4.698~8.2m/s. To efficiently review the collapse characteristics of these sections, the simulation have been carried out using explicit FEM package, LS-DYNA. The solutions compared with results the impact collapse experiment. Here, the controller are introduced to improve and control the absorbed energy of thin-walled square tubes in this paper. To predict and control the energy absorption, we designed it in consideration to the it's influence, height, thickness, wide ratio in this study. When the controller used, the experimental results of crushing of square tubes controlled by the controller's elements showed a good candidate for a controllable energy absorption capability in impact axial crushing.

암 환자의 우울과 통증 : 일 예비적 연구

양문정,전양환,한상익,한치화,엄현석 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6

연구목적 : 암 환자에서 우울과 통증의 정도, 우울과 통증에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인들을 조사하고, 우울과 통증사이에 어떤 연관이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 종양내과에 입원한 암 환자 25명(남자 : 10명, 여자 :15명)을 대상으로 하여 내과 병록지 거모, 환자 및 가족과의 면담을 시행하였다. 정신과적 진단은 DSM-IV진단 기준에 의하였으며, 우울의 정도는 Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRSD)로 평가하였고 통증의 유무를 평가한 뒤, 통증이 있는 경우 Brief Pain Inventory(BPI)를 시행하여 통증의 강도(최대, 최소,평균,현재), 통증에 의한 기능 방해 정도, 진통제에 의한 호전정도를 점수로 평가하였다. 결 과 : 전체 환자중 주요 우울증이 32%(8명), 경도 우울증이 16%(4명), 적응장애가 16%(4명)이었다. HRSD점수는 통증의 최대강도, 평균강도, 현재강도, 통증에 의한 기능방해정도와 유의한 상관관계가 있었으나, 통증의 최소강도, 진통제에 의한 호전 정도와는 유의한 상관관계가 없었으며, 이환 기간과 HRSD점수 및 통증 점수 사이에도 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 성별, 종교, 암의전이여부,병황의 인식 여부에 따라 HRSD점수와 통증 점수에 차이가 없었으나, 현재 미혼 또는 사별 상태에 있는 환자들에서 결혼하여 배우자가 있는 환자들보다 HRSD점수와 통증의 최소강도, 평균강도가 유의하게 높았다. 결 론 : 암환자에게서는 우울증과 통증이 있는 경우가 많았다. 우울증과 통증간에 밀접한 상관관계가 있음을 알수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 암 환자에서 우울증과 통증에 대한 보다 적극적인 평가와 개입이 이루어져야 함을 시사하는 것이다. Objective : This study was designed to evaluate how much depression and pain symptoms could be shown, what kink of factors affect them, and whether the correlation between them could be or not in patients with cancer. Methods : The subjects were composed of 25 patients with cancer who admitted a the department of oncology(male:10, female :15). We reviewed the medical record and interviewed patients and their family. A psychiatric diagnosis was made according to the criteria of the DSM-IV, and depressive symptoms were evaluated by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRSD). The intensity of pain(maximal, minimal, mean, present), disability due to pain, te effects of analgesics were measured by Brief Pain Inventory(BPI). Results : 32% of patients had major depressive disorders, 16% of patients had depressive disorders, NOS and 16% of the patients had adjustment disorders. The score of HRSD was significantly correlated wit the maximal intensity, mean intensity and present intensity of pain and disability due to pain, but not with minimal intensity and the effects of analgesics. Depression and pain were not correlated with duration of illness. Scores of depression and pain did not differ in sex, religion, metastasis, and the knowledge of illness. The widowed or unmarried patients showed significantly higher scores than patients living with the spouse in HRSD, minimal intensity and mean intensity of pain. Conclusion : In patients with cancer, depression and pain were highly prevalant. The relationship between depression and pain was shown in patients with cancer. These results suggest that more active evaluation and intervention of depression and pain should be carried out in patients with cancer.

Ni-Cr-Mo鋼의 熱處理에 따른 機械的 性質과 衝擊靭性에 關한 硏究

秋現植,梁權承,崔秉起 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1987 自然科學硏究 Vol.10 No.1

The influence of heat treatment on the mechanical properties and the charpy impact toughness of Ni-Cr-Mo Steel in austenitizing temperature range between 750℃~1100℃ and tempering temperature range between 250℃~500℃ was studied. The results obtained from this study are summarized as follows; 1) The most impact energy is obtained at about 900℃ of austenitizing temperature, and at the temperature of more than 900℃, impact energy decreased. That was seen to be caused from coarse of martensite structure. 2) As the austenitizing temperature increased, strength and elongation decreased. As tempering temperature increased, strength and hardness decreased, but elongation increased. 3) When the tempering temperature was 350℃, the impact energy was lowest and as the temperature was high, the impact energy increased. 4) As the austenitizing time under constant austenitizing temperature was long, hardness and impact toughness decreased.

경계요소법과 유한요소법에 의한 흡음판을 가진 구조물의 소음해석

주현돈,양승호 진주여자전문대학 2001 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

In many practical problems, the use of finite elements to discretize the fluid region leads to large stiffness and mass matrices. But, since the acoustic boundary element discretization requires to put elements only on the surface of structure, the size of matrices is reduced considerably. Here, we developed a numerical analysis program for the structural-acoustic coupling problems of the multi-region cavity, using boundary elements for the fluid regions and finite elements for the structure. By considering sound transmission through layered systems placed in a cavity, the accuracy of the coupled acoustical-structural finite element model has been verified by comparing its transmission loss predictions with analytical sloutions. Example problems are included to investigate the characteristics of the multi-region structural-acoustic coupling system with porous material.

성견 절치에서 수직 골결손 형성후 함입이동시 치주조직의 반응

박양수,김영준,최홍란,황현식 전남대학교 치과대학 2000 전남치대논문집 Vol.12 No.1

The present study was performed to investigate the periodontal response following orthodontic intrusion of teeth with vertical bony defect produced by periodontal disease. Vertical bony defect and periodontal disease were produced adjacent to the both maxillary second lateral incisors in four adult dogs, weighing 20kg or more. Four weeks later, a flap operation was performed to eliminate inflammation and a reference notch was made on the root surface at the level of bottom of each defect. Two weeks after periodontal surgery, four weeks of intrusion and another four weeks of retention was executed on the right incisors while left incisors served as the control. Through the histologic analysis, following results were obtained. 1. The periodontal lesion which was produced by elastics and artificial bony defect was characterized by three walled infrabony pocket. 2. In the histologic section of control side, the base of the pocket was located below the level of the cemento-enamel junction. Connective tissue attachment was formed apically from the base of the pocket. 3. On the experimental side, the base of the pocket was localized close to the cemento-enamel junction. Connective tissue attachment was formed near to pocket base and extended apically. 4. New cementum was formed from the notch coronally toward the epithelial junction along the root surface in the both intruded incisors and control. 5. In the fluorescence microscopic observation, bone regeneration was began at the base of defect and the remodelling pattern characterized by a combination of coronal bone generation and resorption of the marginal crest could be detected. Although the remodelling pattern was the same in the both side, the bone remodelling in intruded incisors was continued during tooth movement. The results of the present study suggest that an orthodontic intrusion of extruded incisors with vertical bony defect can be carried out with a desirable periodontal response, provided that both the oral hygiene and the biomechanical force system are kept under control.

트레드밀 운동이 청소년의 혈중지질에 미치는 영향

정현홍,양정옥,유창재 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 2006 自然科學論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of treadmill exercise on adolescents serum lipids. This study was a simple pre- and post-test design. The participants of this study were 7 middle-school students located in a metropolitan city, Korea. All participants were boys (mean age=15.81 years; SD=.36), and were treated as a experimental group. A 12-week treadmill exercise program (60 min. & 3 times per week) was implemented. To collect blood samples and analyze TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C, the Becton Dickison Vacutainer System was used. Results revealed that the participants' TG, TC, LDL-C were significantly decreased after the program. However, no significant differences were found in HDL-C even though there was an increase after the program. It was concluded that a 12-week treadmill exercise program can be as effective as other types of aerobic exercise in improving adolescents' serum lipids. Recommendations for future research and practice were provided.

디젤엔진 발전기 세트의 저소음화에 관한 연구

주현돈,양승호 진주여자전문대학 2002 論文集 Vol.25 No.-

Diesel engine generator sets in heavy industry plants and residential/official buildings can cause serious noise problem. In this paper, a low noise diesel engine generator set is developed through constructing an acoustic enclosure with ventilation duct silencers that effectively block the acoustic flow but guarantee good thermal flow. Acoustic design of the enclosure which is initially layout by rule of thumb, is evolved systematically through numerical reanalysis procedure, based on indirect boundary element method(IBEM) with a commercial acoustic analysis code. The acoustic and cooling performances of the developed low noise diesel engine generator set are confirmed by the experiment.

<최척전(崔陟傳)>, ‘희망(希望)’과 ‘연대(連帶)’의 서사 -‘불교적 요소’와 ‘인간애’의 의미층위에 대한 주제적 해석

김현양 열상고전연구회 2006 열상고전연구 Vol.24 No.-

조위한(趙緯韓, 1567-1649)에 의해 1621년에 창작된 <최척전(崔陟傳)>은 탁월한 사실주의적 성취를 보여주는 17세기 소설로 높이 평가되고 있는 작품이다. 그런데 기존 연구에서는 ‘전란의 고통과 주체의 극복 의지’를 주제로 내세우면서 ‘불교적 요소’와 ‘인간애’의 의미 층위를 주제 해석에서 배제하거나 부차적인 것으로 파악했다. 그렇지만 ‘불교적 요소’와 ‘인간애’의 의미 층위를 주제 해석에서 배제하거나 부차적인 것으로 파악하는 것은 온당하지 못하다. <최척전>에서 ‘불교적 요소’와 ‘인간애’는 고통을 극복하고자 하는 ‘주체의 의지’를 서사적으로 추동하는 핵심적인 동력에 해당된다. <최척전>의 불교적 요소―‘장육불(丈六佛)의 음조(陰助)’는 고통 속에서 발견한 ‘희망’의 불빛이며, 이를 바탕으로 주체의 의지가 추동된다. <최척전>의 불교적 요소는 ‘자비(慈悲)’를 바탕으로 ‘희망’을 말하려고 하는 것이지 ‘운명론(運命論)’을 말하려고 하는 것이 아니다. <최척전>은 ‘인간애’를 통해 전란의 고통을 극복하는 방식으로서 ‘연대(連帶)’를 말하고자 한다. 동아시아 여러 나라, 여러 사람들의 무차별적 도움으로 주인공에게 가해진 역사적 고난이 극복되는 바, 이들의 도움은 ‘인간애’를 바탕으로 한 일종의 ‘연대’라 할 수 있다. <최척전>의 ‘인간애’는 국가[혹은 민족]의 경계를 가로지르며 실현되고 있다. <최척전>의 인간애는 아무런 조건도 차별도 존재하지 않는 무연자비(無緣慈悲)의 경지에 해당된다고 할 수 있는데, 이 무연자비의 ‘인간애’는 작품에서 울려 퍼지는 핵심적인 주제적 의미이며, 창작의식의 요체(要諦)이다. 동아시아 전란에 의해 고통 받던 중민(衆民)의 삶을 바라보면서, 인간애를 바탕으로 한 동아시아인의 연대(連帶)가, 전란의 고통에서 벗어날 수 있는 하나의 희망임을 <최척전>은 말하고 있는 것이다. Choicheok-jeon[A Story of Choi Cheok], written by Cho Weehan (1567- 1649) in 1621, is evaluated as a representative seventeenth century novel which shows the great achievement of realism. By proposing the sufferings of the war and the protagonist's will to overcome those sufferings as the main theme, the previous studies of the novel have put 'Buddhist element' and 'humanitarianism' aside as secondary or even excluded them in their discussions of themes, which is not right. In Choicheok-jeon, 'Buddhist element' and 'humanitarianism' are the central forces to operate the protagonist's will to overcome sufferings in the aspects of the narrative. The Buddhist element of Choicheok-jeon ㅡthe Buddha’s revelation in dreamㅡis the light of hope found in the suffering, and based on this the subject's will operates. It is to speak of 'hope' based on 'mercy', not of 'fatalism'. Choicheok-jeon wants to speak of 'solidarity' as a way to overcome the sufferings of the war through 'humanitarianism'. The protagonist's historical sufferings are overcome by unconditional assistance of many people from several countries in East Asia, and their help can be viewed as a kind of 'solidarity' based on 'humanitarianism'. Humanitarianism of Choicheok-jeon is realized across the boundaries of the nation. It can be said as a level of indifferent mercy which doesn't have any condition nor discrimination. And this humanitarianism of indifferent mercy is the main thematic significance which echoes throughout the whole novel, and also the hinge of the creating consciousness. Illuminating the lives of the people suffering from the war in East Asia, Choicheok-jeon is telling us that the solidarity of the East Asians, based on humanitarianism, is the only hope to get out of the sufferings of the war.'