Overexpression of Zoysia ZjCIGR1 gene confers cold stress resistance to zoysiagrass

Yang‑Ji Kim,Dae‑Hwa Yang,Mi‑Young Park,Hyeon‑Jin Sun,Pill‑Soon Song,Hong‑Gyu Kang,Seok‑Cheol Suh,Yong‑Eok Lee,이효연 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.1

Zoysia japonica Steud. is a warm-season lawn grass popular in Korea and elsewhere. They are cultivated in many places such as river banks, roadside, and play grounds. However, there still is a disadvantage of frequent mowing, and the grass grows poorly under the chilly conditions. To develop a grass variety that circumvents these drawbacks, we cloned the chitininducible gibberellins-responsive1 gene (CIGR1) from zoysiagrass. The full length of the ZjCIGR1 (Zj; Zoysia japonica Steud.) gene was obtained by 5′/3′ RACE PCR and the phylogenetic tree showed that it belonged to the CIGR1-subgroup in the PAT1-group of GRAS protein family. Expression of the ZjCIGR1 in wild-type plants was confirmed in roots, meristems, leaves, and flowers, especially high in the flowers. The transgenic zoysiagrass was confirmed by PCR using gene-specific primers, phosphinothricin-acetyl-transferase (PAT) strip test, and Southern blot analysis. ZjCIGR1-overexpressing plants acquired tolerance to cold stress displaying morphological phenotypes characteristic of stress resistance. In addition, in the transformants, expression of the ZjCIGR1 as well as cold-regulated (COR) gene was increased compared to the wild-type plants under cold stress condition. These results suggest that ZjCIGR1 gene is an important candidate for regulating cold stress resistance.

Effect of Impact Load on Splice Length of Reinforcing Bars

Hyeon?Jong Hwang,Fan Yang,Li Zang,Jang?Woon Baek,Gao Ma 한국콘크리트학회 2020 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.14 No.5

Impact loading damage of reinforced concrete (RC) members deteriorates bond strength of reinforcing bars. To understand the effect of strain rate on the bond strength of reinforcing bars in RC beams under impact load, drop hammer test was performed on twenty-four simply supported RC beams with lap spliced bars at the mid-span. The test parameters were reinforcing bar diameter, splice length, drop height, and hammer mass. The dynamic responses including the impact load history, mid-span deflection history, crack distribution, and strain history of reinforcing bar were evaluated. Although the designed bar development length was 31–69% of the requirement of current design codes under static load, the tensile strength of bar splices was greater than the dynamic yield strength when subjected to large impact energy under impact load. On the basis of the test results, existing design equations for the bar development length under static load were modified to consider the impact loading effect on the bond strength. Factors related to the strain rate effect of materials, impact damage, and impact energy loss were proposed. The prediction of the proposed method agreed well with the tensile strength of bar splices under impact load.

암 환자의 우울과 통증 : 일 예비적 연구

양문정,전양환,한상익,한치화,엄현석 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6

연구목적 : 암 환자에서 우울과 통증의 정도, 우울과 통증에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인들을 조사하고, 우울과 통증사이에 어떤 연관이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 종양내과에 입원한 암 환자 25명(남자 : 10명, 여자 :15명)을 대상으로 하여 내과 병록지 거모, 환자 및 가족과의 면담을 시행하였다. 정신과적 진단은 DSM-IV진단 기준에 의하였으며, 우울의 정도는 Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRSD)로 평가하였고 통증의 유무를 평가한 뒤, 통증이 있는 경우 Brief Pain Inventory(BPI)를 시행하여 통증의 강도(최대, 최소,평균,현재), 통증에 의한 기능 방해 정도, 진통제에 의한 호전정도를 점수로 평가하였다. 결 과 : 전체 환자중 주요 우울증이 32%(8명), 경도 우울증이 16%(4명), 적응장애가 16%(4명)이었다. HRSD점수는 통증의 최대강도, 평균강도, 현재강도, 통증에 의한 기능방해정도와 유의한 상관관계가 있었으나, 통증의 최소강도, 진통제에 의한 호전 정도와는 유의한 상관관계가 없었으며, 이환 기간과 HRSD점수 및 통증 점수 사이에도 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 성별, 종교, 암의전이여부,병황의 인식 여부에 따라 HRSD점수와 통증 점수에 차이가 없었으나, 현재 미혼 또는 사별 상태에 있는 환자들에서 결혼하여 배우자가 있는 환자들보다 HRSD점수와 통증의 최소강도, 평균강도가 유의하게 높았다. 결 론 : 암환자에게서는 우울증과 통증이 있는 경우가 많았다. 우울증과 통증간에 밀접한 상관관계가 있음을 알수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 암 환자에서 우울증과 통증에 대한 보다 적극적인 평가와 개입이 이루어져야 함을 시사하는 것이다. Objective : This study was designed to evaluate how much depression and pain symptoms could be shown, what kink of factors affect them, and whether the correlation between them could be or not in patients with cancer. Methods : The subjects were composed of 25 patients with cancer who admitted a the department of oncology(male:10, female :15). We reviewed the medical record and interviewed patients and their family. A psychiatric diagnosis was made according to the criteria of the DSM-IV, and depressive symptoms were evaluated by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRSD). The intensity of pain(maximal, minimal, mean, present), disability due to pain, te effects of analgesics were measured by Brief Pain Inventory(BPI). Results : 32% of patients had major depressive disorders, 16% of patients had depressive disorders, NOS and 16% of the patients had adjustment disorders. The score of HRSD was significantly correlated wit the maximal intensity, mean intensity and present intensity of pain and disability due to pain, but not with minimal intensity and the effects of analgesics. Depression and pain were not correlated with duration of illness. Scores of depression and pain did not differ in sex, religion, metastasis, and the knowledge of illness. The widowed or unmarried patients showed significantly higher scores than patients living with the spouse in HRSD, minimal intensity and mean intensity of pain. Conclusion : In patients with cancer, depression and pain were highly prevalant. The relationship between depression and pain was shown in patients with cancer. These results suggest that more active evaluation and intervention of depression and pain should be carried out in patients with cancer.

충격하중을 받는 Al 박육부재의 에너지흡수 제어특성

양용준,황우채,서현경,김정호,심재기,양인영 한국공작기계학회 2007 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

In this study, concerns the crashworthiness of the widely used vehicle structure, square thin-walled tubes, which are excellent on the point of the energy absorbing capacity. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the energy absorption characteristics of thin-walled square tubes subjected to dynamic crushing by axial loading to develop the optimum structural members. The impact velocity was tested in the rage 4.698~8.2m/s. To efficiently review the collapse characteristics of these sections, the simulation have been carried out using explicit FEM package, LS-DYNA. The solutions compared with results the impact collapse experiment. Here, the controller are introduced to improve and control the absorbed energy of thin-walled square tubes in this paper. To predict and control the energy absorption, we designed it in consideration to the it's influence, height, thickness, wide ratio in this study. When the controller used, the experimental results of crushing of square tubes controlled by the controller's elements showed a good candidate for a controllable energy absorption capability in impact axial crushing.

<최척전(崔陟傳)>, ‘희망(希望)’과 ‘연대(連帶)’의 서사 -‘불교적 요소’와 ‘인간애’의 의미층위에 대한 주제적 해석

김현양 열상고전연구회 2006 열상고전연구 Vol.24 No.-

조위한(趙緯韓, 1567-1649)에 의해 1621년에 창작된 <최척전(崔陟傳)>은 탁월한 사실주의적 성취를 보여주는 17세기 소설로 높이 평가되고 있는 작품이다. 그런데 기존 연구에서는 ‘전란의 고통과 주체의 극복 의지’를 주제로 내세우면서 ‘불교적 요소’와 ‘인간애’의 의미 층위를 주제 해석에서 배제하거나 부차적인 것으로 파악했다. 그렇지만 ‘불교적 요소’와 ‘인간애’의 의미 층위를 주제 해석에서 배제하거나 부차적인 것으로 파악하는 것은 온당하지 못하다. <최척전>에서 ‘불교적 요소’와 ‘인간애’는 고통을 극복하고자 하는 ‘주체의 의지’를 서사적으로 추동하는 핵심적인 동력에 해당된다. <최척전>의 불교적 요소―‘장육불(丈六佛)의 음조(陰助)’는 고통 속에서 발견한 ‘희망’의 불빛이며, 이를 바탕으로 주체의 의지가 추동된다. <최척전>의 불교적 요소는 ‘자비(慈悲)’를 바탕으로 ‘희망’을 말하려고 하는 것이지 ‘운명론(運命論)’을 말하려고 하는 것이 아니다. <최척전>은 ‘인간애’를 통해 전란의 고통을 극복하는 방식으로서 ‘연대(連帶)’를 말하고자 한다. 동아시아 여러 나라, 여러 사람들의 무차별적 도움으로 주인공에게 가해진 역사적 고난이 극복되는 바, 이들의 도움은 ‘인간애’를 바탕으로 한 일종의 ‘연대’라 할 수 있다. <최척전>의 ‘인간애’는 국가[혹은 민족]의 경계를 가로지르며 실현되고 있다. <최척전>의 인간애는 아무런 조건도 차별도 존재하지 않는 무연자비(無緣慈悲)의 경지에 해당된다고 할 수 있는데, 이 무연자비의 ‘인간애’는 작품에서 울려 퍼지는 핵심적인 주제적 의미이며, 창작의식의 요체(要諦)이다. 동아시아 전란에 의해 고통 받던 중민(衆民)의 삶을 바라보면서, 인간애를 바탕으로 한 동아시아인의 연대(連帶)가, 전란의 고통에서 벗어날 수 있는 하나의 희망임을 <최척전>은 말하고 있는 것이다. Choicheok-jeon[A Story of Choi Cheok], written by Cho Weehan (1567- 1649) in 1621, is evaluated as a representative seventeenth century novel which shows the great achievement of realism. By proposing the sufferings of the war and the protagonist's will to overcome those sufferings as the main theme, the previous studies of the novel have put 'Buddhist element' and 'humanitarianism' aside as secondary or even excluded them in their discussions of themes, which is not right. In Choicheok-jeon, 'Buddhist element' and 'humanitarianism' are the central forces to operate the protagonist's will to overcome sufferings in the aspects of the narrative. The Buddhist element of Choicheok-jeon ㅡthe Buddha’s revelation in dreamㅡis the light of hope found in the suffering, and based on this the subject's will operates. It is to speak of 'hope' based on 'mercy', not of 'fatalism'. Choicheok-jeon wants to speak of 'solidarity' as a way to overcome the sufferings of the war through 'humanitarianism'. The protagonist's historical sufferings are overcome by unconditional assistance of many people from several countries in East Asia, and their help can be viewed as a kind of 'solidarity' based on 'humanitarianism'. Humanitarianism of Choicheok-jeon is realized across the boundaries of the nation. It can be said as a level of indifferent mercy which doesn't have any condition nor discrimination. And this humanitarianism of indifferent mercy is the main thematic significance which echoes throughout the whole novel, and also the hinge of the creating consciousness. Illuminating the lives of the people suffering from the war in East Asia, Choicheok-jeon is telling us that the solidarity of the East Asians, based on humanitarianism, is the only hope to get out of the sufferings of the war.'

火災時 非常發電機 稼動에 관한 硏究

朱賢暾,梁承浩 진주여자전문대학 1996 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

Recently it has become particularly to be concerned with low noise emergency generator because generator sets caused noise affecting seriously people in buildings. In this study, I investigated the working of the low noise emergency generator at fire eruption, relation with fire equipment, and changing time from electric power to emergency power. I simultaneously estimated the changing time from electric power to emergency power at emergency.

탄소섬유 적층혼성부재의 계면수 변화에 따른 축 압궤 특성

서현경,박준우,양용준,황우채,양인영 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2007 機械技術硏究 Vol.10 No.1

알루미늄과 CFRP는 대표적인 경량화 재료이다. 알루미늄 부재는 안정적인 소성 변형에 의해 에너지를 흡수하며, CFRP 부재는 비강성과 비강도가 우수하고 불안정한 취성파괴로 인해 에너지를 흡수한다. 이러한 각각 알루미늄과 CFRP 부재의 압궤 특성을 기초로 두 재 료의 결합에 의해 서로의 장점에 대한 시너지 효과를 얻기 위해 혼성구조부재를 제작하였다. 본 연구에서는 알루미늄 부재의 외측을 CFRP로 강화시킨 혼성구조부채를 제작하여 CFRP의 계면수 변화에 따른 축 방향 준정적 압궤실험을 행하여 사각 및 원형 단변 모형의 혼성구조부재의 압궤 특성을 조사하였다. 실험 결과 혼성구조부재는 내부의 알루미늄 부재의 연성 성질 때문에 CFRP 부재의 불안정한 취성 파괴를 보완하여 비교적 안정적인 압궤 모드를 보였다. 하지만 혼성구조부재는 계면수 변화에 대해 에너지 흡수성과 압궤 모드는 별다른 영향을 보이지 않았다. The aluminum or CFRP is representative of light-weight materials. The aluminum tubes absorb energy by stable plastic deformation and the CFRP tubes absorbs energy by unstable brittle failure with higher specific strength and stiffness. Based on the respective collapse characteristics of aluminum and CFRP tubes, the aluminum CFRP compound tubes were manufactured to get a synergy effect when the aluminum CFRP tubes were combined with the advantages of each tube. This paper is to investigate the collapse characteristics of square or circular shaped aluminum CFRP compound tubes subjected to quasi-static axial collapse tests which were conducted by changing the stacking conditions. Test results showed that the collapse of the aluminum CFRP compound tubes complemented unstable brittle failure of the CFRP tube due to the ductile characteristics of the inner aluminum tube. It turned out that interlaminar numbers of aluminum CFRP compound tubes have no influence on the energy absorption and collapse modes of the tubes.

신지도 동쪽 주변해역의 계절별 수질특성

조현서,윤양호 여수대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.11 No.2

In this study, we discuss on the seasonal fluctuations of water quality and chlorophyll-a in the eastern coastal area of Sinji Island. Sinji Island is located in the eastern part of Wando Island, and the productive farm ground is spread around the Island. Some analytical parameters were analyzed to study the seasonal water quality from Feb. ruary, 4, 1994 to October. 1, 1994 around the Island. The results are as follows: 1) Ranges of pH and suspended solid(SS) were 8.05~8.39 and 0.50~58.08㎎/l, respectively. The highest mean value of SS was 22.47㎎/l in bottom layer at winter season, the lowest mean value was 4.27㎎/l in surface layer at summer season. 2) Dissolved oxygen(DO) concentrations were slightly under saturation in the almost area at fall season, and in some area at summer season. 3) Chemical oxygen demand(COD) concentrations showed the highest mean value of 2.00㎎/l in bottom layer of fall season in the range of 0.66~5.28㎎/l, while showed the lowest mean value of 1.19㎎/l in bottom layer of spring in the range of 0.12~6.80㎎/l. 4) Dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) concentrations showed the highest mean value of 7.17㎍-at./l in both layer at winter season, while showed the lowest mean value of 1.33㎍-at./l in surface layer of summer season. 5) Dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP) concentrations were higher at winter season than the other season. And, the the highest mean value of 0.56㎍-at./l was in surface layer at winter season. 6) N/P ratios were lower than 16 of Redfield ratio in both layer at all season except fall. It means that nitrogen is more limiting nutrient than phosphorus in the growth of phytoplankton. 7) Chlorophyll-a concentrations showed the highest mean value of 4.35㎎/㎥ in surface layer at spring season.

傳統湯類의 無機質과 Vitamin 含量

文賢姬,朴亮均,金관 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1987 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.22 No.-

Mineral and vitamin contents of various traditional Korean soups prepared from meats. fishes. shellfishes and vegetables were investigated, and also compared with the energy requirements. The results obtained were as follows : 1. On the mineral contents of four groups, calcium were contained 142%, 122%, 41% and 47% of energy requirements(600㎎) in Yuggaejang, Juneogug, Honghabgug and Kongnamoolgug, respectively. 2. Vitamin A were contained 252% of the energy requirements in Jogigug, Vit. B1 56% in Gomtang, Vit. B2, 15% in Baechusogdaegug and niacin 69% in Dongtaemaeuntang. 3. Ca. p and Fe contents were higher in traditional cooked soups than restaurant soups, but vitamin A content was higher in restaurant soups except for Yuggaejang. There were no difference in vitamin contents of two groups.

傳統湯類의 營養成分과 에너지量

文賢姬,朴亮均,金관 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1987 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.22 No.-

The nutritional Quality and their energy values of various traditional Korean soups prepared from meats, fishes. shellfishes and vegetables were investigated. The calories from each sources. were also compared with the energy requirements. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Calories were 36%, 10%, 6% and 9% of the energy requirements(2,500kcal) in Galbitang, Jogigug, Honghatgug and Kongnamoolgug, respectively. 2. The amount of energy and crude fat in the restauraut soups were higher than traditional cooked soups, but crude proteins were lower. 3. The soups of high energy ratio of protein source were Sataegug, Boogeogug, Honghatgug and Badchusogdaegug, and their values were 79.22%, 77.39%, 65.20% and 63.26%.