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Kim, Satbyul Estella,Bell, Michelle L.,Hashizume, Masahiro,Honda, Yasushi,Kan, Haidong,Kim, Ho Pergamon 2018 Environment international Vol.110 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Previous epidemiological studies regarding mortality and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10μm (PM<SUB>10</SUB>) have considered only absolute concentrations of PM<SUB>10</SUB> as a risk factor. However, none have evaluated the durational effect of multi-day periods with high PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentrations. To evaluate the durational effect (i.e., number of days) of high PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentrations on mortality, we collected data regarding 3,662,749 deaths from 28 cities in Japan, South Korea, and China (1993–2009). Exposure was defined as consecutive days with daily PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentrations ≥75μg/m<SUP>3</SUP>. A Poisson model was used with duration as the variable of interest, while controlling for daily PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentrations, meteorological variables, seasonal trends, and day of the week. The increase in mortality risk for each additional consecutive day with PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentrations ≥75μg/m<SUP>3</SUP> was 0.68% in Japan (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35–1.01%), 0.48% in South Korea (95% CI: 0.30–0.66%), and 0.24% in China (95% CI: 0.14–0.33%). The annual average maximum number of consecutive days with high PM<SUB>10</SUB> in Japan (2.40days), South Korea (6.96days), and China (42.26days) was associated with non-accidental death increases of 1.64% (95% CI: 1.31–1.98%), 3.37% (95% CI: 3.19–3.56%), and 10.43% (95% CI: 10.33–10.54%), respectively. These findings may facilitate the planning of public health interventions to minimize the health burden of air pollution.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We evaluated the mortality effects of the number of consecutive days with high PM<SUB>10.</SUB> </LI> <LI> This study was the first to assess the short-term mortality effect of prolonged high PM<SUB>10</SUB> days. </LI> <LI> We observe a significant increase in the mortality risk for each additional consecutive day with high PM<SUB>10.</SUB> </LI> </UL> </P>
Kim, Minjung,Lee, Jihye,Kim, Haidong,Lee, Kang-Bong,Lee, Yeonhee American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.10
<P>Chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) semiconductor films are important as next generation solar cell materials and have great potential for use in device applications, especially for fabricating high-efficiency solar cells with practically no degradation of the absorber layer. In order to understand the physical properties of the CIGS films, the CIGS absorber layers have been characterized by many research groups so that the solar cell efficiencies could be further improved and theoretical efficiencies could be approached as far as practicable. To improve the efficiency of CIGS solar cells, a quantitative and depth-resolved elemental analysis of photovoltaic thin films is strongly required. In this work, using a three-stage evaporation process, different CIGS thin films were prepared on molybdenum back contacts deposited on soda-lime glass substrates. Surface analyses via XPS and SIMS were performed to characterize the CIGS thin films and compare their compositional distribution according to the depth. The average concentrations of the matrix elements, Cu, In, Ga, and Se were compared with the quantitative results of ICP-AES and EPMA. To identify the impurities in the CIGS layer, distributions of trace elements were also observed, according to the depth, by SIMS. Using SEM and TEM, we carried out detailed microstructural studies in cross-sections of CIGS thin film solar cells that had different cell efficiencies. The elemental composition, impurity distribution, and microstructure of the CIGS thin film solar cells were investigated to understand their effects on the solar cell conversion efficiency.</P>
Whole-exome sequencing identifies recurrent <i>AKT1</i> mutations in sclerosing hemangioma of lung
Jung, Seung-Hyun,Kim, Min Sung,Lee, Sung-Hak,Park, Hyun-Chun,Choi, Hyun Joo,Maeng, Leeso,Min, Ki Ouk,Kim, Jeana,Park, Tae In,Shin, Ok Ran,Kim, Tae-Jung,Xu, Haidong,Lee, Kyo Young,Kim, Tae-Min,Song, Sa National Academy of Sciences 2016 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.113 No.38
<P>Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH) is a benign tumor with two cell populations (epithelial and stromal cells), for which genomic profiles remain unknown. We conducted exome sequencing of 44 PSHs and identified recurrent somatic mutations of AKT1 (43.2%) and beta-catenin (4.5%). We used a second subset of 24 PSHs to confirm the high frequency of AKT1 mutations (overall 31/68, 45.6%; p.E17K, 33.8%) and recurrent beta-catenin mutations (overall 3 of 68, 4.4%). Of the PSHs without AKT1 mutations, two exhibited AKT1 copy gain. AKT1 mutations existed in both epithelial and stromal cells. In two separate PSHs from one patient, we observed two different AKT1 mutations, indicating they were not disseminated but independent arising tumors. Because the AKT1 mutations were not found to co-occur with beta-catenin mutations (or any other known driver alterations) in any of the PSHs studied, we speculate that this may be the single-most common driver alteration to develop PSHs. Our study revealed genomic differences between PSHs and lung adenocarcinomas, including a high rate of AKT1 mutation in PSHs. These genomic features of PSH identified in the present study provide clues to understanding the biology of PSH and for differential genomic diagnosis of lung tumors.</P>