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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : H. J. S. Fernando (검색결과 8 건)
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Fernando, I.P. Shanura,Jayawardena, Thilina U.,Kim, Hyun-Soo,Lee, Won Woo,Vaas, A.P.J.P.,De Silva, H.I.C.,Abayaweera, G.S.,Nanayakkara, C.M.,Abeytunga, D.T.U.,Lee, Dae-Sung,Jeon, You-Jin Academic Press 2019 Environmental research Vol.172 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Particulate matter (PM) air pollution has gradually become a widespread problem in East Asia. PM may cause unfamiliar inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and pulmonary tissue damage, and a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms is required in order to develop effective anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, fine dust collected from Beijing, China (CPM) (size < PM13 with majority < PM2.5) was evaluated for its oxidative stress- and inflammation-inducing effects, which cause cell damage, in A459 human lung epithelial cells. Oxidative stress was marked by an increase in intracellular ROS levels and the production of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Upon induction of oxidative stress, a marked increase was observed in the expression of key inflammatory mediators such as COX-2 and PGE<SUB>2</SUB> and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 via NF-kB and MAPK pathways. Cellular damage was marked by a reduction in viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, formation of apoptotic and necrotic bodies, accumulation of sub-G1 phase cells, and DNA damage. Apoptosis was found to be mediated via the activation of caspases through the mitochondria-mediated pathway. Fucosterol, purified from the brown alga <I>Sargassum binderi</I> (Sonder ex J. Agardh) by bio-assay-guided fractionation and purification, exhibited potential therapeutic effects against CPM-induced detrimental effects. Further studies could focus on developing fucosterol, in forms such as steroidal inhalers, against PM-induced pulmonary tissue inflammation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fine dust air pollution is a major reason of pulmonary complications in East Asia. </LI> <LI> Dust particles induce oxidative stress and inflammation damaging the lung epithelial cells. </LI> <LI> Fucosterol suppressed the dust induced cell damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. </LI> <LI> Fucosterol may have beneficial effects in alleviating adverse respiratory effects of air pollution. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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Janaki M.D.S.,Aryaprema V.S.,Fernando N.,Handunnetti S.M.,Weerasena O.V.D.S.J.,Pathirana P.P.S.L.,Tissera H.A. 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.3
Understanding local geographical variation in vector density and bionomics related to virus transmission are critical for planning effective vector control programs to control dengue virus transmission. This study investi gated the prevalence and resting behaviour of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus in three dengue high-risk areas in the Colombo District, Sri Lanka. Monthly sampling of resting adult mosquitoes was conducted from August 2019 to February 2020. Thirty-seven percent of the households (289/776) harboured Aedes mosquitoes, and 603 Aedes mosquitoes were collected. The proportion of Ae. aegypti was higher in the overall collection during the collection period (94% [569/603]), and 62% (352/569) were females. Significant monthly variations in Ae. aegypti were observed with respect to the indices: number of females per surveyed house (F/SH; p = 0.001), number of females per Aedes positive house (F/PH; p = 0.029), adult house index (AHI; p = 0.001), adult density (AD; p = 0.005) and resting ratio (RR; p = 0.001). AHI, AD, and RR had statistically significant positive cor relations with monthly rainfall (p = 0.001, p = 0.011, and p = 0.002 respectively) and one-month lagged dengue cases (p = 0.002, p = 0.005, and p < 0.001 respectively). A statistically significantly higher proportion of Ae. aegypti females were caught resting indoors (N = 309, 88%) than outdoors (N = 43, 12%; p < 0.001). The most common resting areas were bedrooms (51%) & living/dining rooms (37%), and places were under or on furniture (47%) & hangings (34%) for Ae. aegypti. Conversely, 74% of female Ae. albopictus were collected outdoors. Re sults of this study could have strong implications to improve vector surveillance and control by early detection of dengue to detect outbreaks and minimization of disease transmission.
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Simulation of flow and turbulence in the Phoenix area using a modified urbanized mesoscale model
Park, S. Y.,Fernando, H. J. S.,Yoon, S. C. John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2014 Meteorological applications Vol.21 No.4
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>The urban canopy parameterization (UCP) of Dupont <I>et al.</I> implemented in the MM5v3.7 mesoscale meteorological modelling system (MM5‐UCP‐Basic) is evaluated against the non‐urbanized model (MM5‐NoUCP) using measurements taken in urban Phoenix during two field studies. In general, MM5‐UCP‐Basic improved the predictions of typical meteorological parameters. Nevertheless, significant discrepancies still exist between observations and the predictions of MM5‐UCP‐Basic, and new parameterizations and land‐use classes are introduced to improve the model performance. Anthropogenic heat flux from buildings and roadways is also included. The land‐use classes in the improved model (MM5‐UCP‐MOD) represent roadways and rivers, in addition to five classes of buildings identified in MM5‐UCP‐Basic. New parameterizations include those for momentum roughness, velocity decay during evening transition, and heat and momentum diffusivities for the nocturnal period that account for different heat and momentum transfer rates under stable atmospheric conditions. Five nested grid domains are used for simulations, with the highest resolution (1 km) implemented in the two UCP versions. In general, substantial improvements in the prediction of wind speed, temperature (especially during the night time), and momentum flux as well as a smaller improvement in the heat flux are noted, pointing to possible further enhancement to model performance by including improved physics in the model.</P>
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