Experimental infection of mandarin duck with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8 and H5N1) viruses

Kang, H.M.,Lee, E.K.,Song, B.M.,Heo, G.B.,Jung, J.,Jang, I.,Bae, Y.C.,Jung, S.C.,Lee, Y.J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2017 Veterinary microbiology Vol.198 No.-

<P>A highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus was first detected in poultry and wild birds in South Korea in January 2014. Here, we determined the pathogenicity and transmissibility of three different clades of 1-15 viruses in mandarin ducks to examine the potential for wild bird infection. H5N8 (Glade 2.3.4.4) replicated more efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tract of mandarin ducks than two previously identified H5N1 virus clades (clades 2.2 and 2.3.2.1). However, none of the mandarin ducks infected with H5N8 and H5N1 viruses showed severe clinical signs or mortality, and gross lesions were only observed in a few tissues. Viral replication and shedding were greater in H5N8-infected ducks than in H5N1-infected ducks. Recovery of all viruses from control duck in contact with infected ducks indicated that the highly pathogenic H5 viruses spread horizontally through contact. Taken together, these results suggest that H5N8 viruses spread efficiently in mandarin ducks. Further studies of pathogenicity in wild birds are required to examine possible long-distance dissemination via migration routes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Effects of DME mixing on number density and size properties of soot particles in counterflow non-premixed ethylene flames

최재혁,B. C. Choi,S. M. Lee,S. H. CHUNG,K. S. Jung,W. L. Jeong,S. K. Choi,S. K. Park 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.5

In order to investigate the effect of DME mixing on the number density and size of soot particles, DME was mixed in a counter flownon-premixed ethylene flame with mixture ratios of 5%, 14% and 30%. A laser extinction/scattering technique has been adopted tomeasure the volume fraction, number density, and mean size of soot particles. The experimental results showed that the highest soot concentrationswere observed for flames with mixture ratios of 5% and 14%; however, for a mixture ratio of 30% the soot concentrationdecreased. Numerical results showed that the concentrations of propargyl radicals (C3H3) at the 5% and 14% ratios were higher thanthose measured in the ethylene-based flame, and the production of benzene (C6H6) in the 5% and 14% DME mixture flames was alsoincreased. This indicates the crucial role of propargyl in benzene ring formation. These reactions generally become stronger with increasedDME mixing, except for A1 + H2 → A1 + H (-R554) and n-C4H5 + C2H2 → A1 + H (R542). Therefore, it is indicated that addingDME to ethylene flames promotes benzene ring formation. Note that although the maximum C6H6 concentration is largest in the 30%DME mixing flame, the soot volume fraction is smaller than those for the 5% and 14% mixture ratios. This is because the local C6H6concentration decreases in the relatively low temperature region in the fuel side where soot growth occurs.

High-resolution 3-μm spectra of Jupiter: Latitudinal spectral variations influenced by molecules, clouds, and haze

Kim, S.J.,Geballe, T.R.,Kim, J.H.,Jung, A.,Seo, H.J.,Minh, Y.C. Academic Press 2010 Icarus Vol.208 No.2

We present latitudinally-resolved high-resolution (R=37,000) pole-to-pole spectra of Jupiter in various narrow longitudinal ranges, in spectral intervals covering roughly half of the spectral range 2.86-3.53μm. We have analyzed the data with the aid of synthetic spectra generated from a model jovian atmosphere that included lines of CH<SUB>4</SUB>, CH<SUB>3</SUB>D, NH<SUB>3</SUB>, C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>, C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>, PH<SUB>3</SUB>, and HCN, as well as clouds and haze. Numerous spectral features of many of these molecular species are present and are individually identified for the first time, as are many lines of H<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> and a few unidentified spectral features. In both polar regions the 2.86-3.10-μm continuum is more than 10 times weaker than in spectra at lower latitudes, implying that in this wavelength range the single-scattering albedos of polar haze particles are very low. In contrast, the 3.24-3.53μm the weak polar and equatorial continua are of comparable intensity. We derive vertical distributions of NH<SUB>3</SUB>, C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB> and C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>, and find that the mixing ratios of NH<SUB>3</SUB> and C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB> show little variation between equatorial and polar regions. However, the mixing ratios of C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB> in the northern and southern polar regions are ∼6 and ∼3 times, respectively, less than those in the equatorial regions. The derived mixing ratio curves of C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB> and C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB> extend up to the 10<SUP>-6</SUP> bar level, a significantly higher altitude than most previous results in the literature. Further ground-based observations covering other longitudes are needed to test if these mixing ratios are representative values for the equatorial and polar regions.

Growth characteristics and electrical properties of SiO2 thin films prepared using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition and chemical vapor deposition with an aminosilane precursor

Jung, H.,Kim, W. H.,Oh, I. K.,Lee, C. W.,Lansalot-Matras, C.,Lee, S. J.,Myoung, J. M.,Lee, H. B.,Kim, H. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE - Vol.51 No.11

<P>The deposition of high-quality SiO2 films has been achieved through the use of both plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD) and plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) methods using H2Si[N(C2H5)(2)](2) as a Si precursor. We systematically investigated growth characteristics, chemical compositions, and electrical properties of PE-CVD SiO2 prepared under various deposition conditions. The SiO2 films prepared using PE-CVD showed high purity and good stoichiometry with a dielectric constant of similar to 4. In addition, the PE-ALD process of the SiO2 films exhibited well-saturated and almost linear growth characteristics of similar to 1.3 cycle(-1) without notable incubation cycles, producing pure SiO2 films. Electrical characterization of metal-oxide silicon capacitor structures prepared with each SiO2 film showed that PE-ALD SiO2 films had relatively lower leakage currents than PE-CVD SiO2 films. This might be a result of the saturated surface reaction mechanism of PE-ALD, which allows a smooth surface in comparison with PE-CVD method. In addition, the dielectric properties of both SiO2 films were further evaluated in the structures of In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors, and they both showed good device performances in terms of high I (on) - I (off) ratios (> 10(8)) and low off-currents (< 10(-11) A). However, based on the negative bias stress reliability test, it was found that PE-ALD SiO2 showed better reliability against a negative V (th) shift than PE-CVD SiO2, which might also be understood from its smoother channel/insulator interface generation at the interface.</P>

Conversion of organic solid waste to hydrogen and methane by two-stage fermentation system with reuse of methane fermenter effluent as diluting water in hydrogen fermentation

Jung, K.W.,Moon, C.,Cho, S.K.,Kim, S.H.,Shin, H.S.,Kim, D.H. Elsevier Applied Science 2013 Bioresource technology Vol.139 No.-

In this study, a two-stage system converting organic solid waste (food waste+sewage sludge) to H<SUB>2</SUB> and CH<SUB>4</SUB> was operated. In the first stage of dark fermentative hydrogen production (DFHP), a recently proposed method that does not require external inoculum, was applied. In the second stage, anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) and an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASBr) were followed to treat H<SUB>2</SUB> fermenter effluent. (H<SUB>2</SUB>+CH<SUB>4</SUB>-ASBR) system showed better performance in terms of total biogas conversion (78.6%), while higher biogas production rate (2.03L H<SUB>2</SUB>/L<SUB>system</SUB>/d, 1.96L CH<SUB>4</SUB>/L<SUB>system</SUB>/d) was achieved in (H<SUB>2</SUB>+CH<SUB>4</SUB>-UASBr) system. To reduce the alkali addition requirement in DFHP process, CH<SUB>4</SUB> fermenter effluent was tested as a diluting water. Both the ASBR and UASBr effluent was effective to keep the pH above 6 without CH<SUB>4</SUB> production. In case of using ASBR effluent, H<SUB>2</SUB> production dropped by 15%, but alkali addition requirement was reduced by 50%.

Characterization of Insertional Variation of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in Six Different Pig Breeds

Jung, W.Y.,Yu, S.L.,Seo, D.W.,Jung, K.C.,Cho, I.C.,Lim, H.T.,Jin, D.I.,Lee, Jun-Heon Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.10

Pigs may need to be exploited as xenotransplantation donors due to the shortage of human organs, tissues and cells. Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are a significant obstacle to xenotransplantation because they can infect human cells in vitro and have the potential for transmission of unexpected pathogens to humans. In this research, 101 pigs, including four commercial breeds (23 Berkshire, 13 Duroc, 22 Landrace and 14 Yorkshire pigs), one native breed (19 Korean native pigs) and one miniature breed (10 NIH miniature pigs) were used to investigate insertional variations for 11 PERV loci (three PERV-A, six PERV-B and two PERV-C). Over 60% of the pigs harbored one PERV-A (907F8) integration and five PERV-B (B3-3G, B3-7G, 742H1, 1155D9 and 465D1) integrations. However, two PERV-A loci (A1-6C and 1347C1) and one PERV-B locus (B3-7F) were absent in Duroc pigs. Moreover, two PERV-C loci (C2-6C and C4-2G) only existed in Korean native pigs and NIH miniature pigs. The results suggest that PERV insertional variations differ among pig breeds as well as among individuals within a breed. Also, the results presented here can be used for the selection of animals that do not have specific PERV integration for xenotransplantation research.

Aberrant ventral striatal responses during incentive processing in unmedicated patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Jung, W. H.,Kang, D.‐,H.,Han, J. Y.,Jang, J. H.,Gu, B.‐,M.,Choi, J.‐,S.,Jung, M. H.,Choi, C.‐,H.,Kwon, J. S. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica Vol.123 No.5

<P>Jung WH, Kang D‐H, Han JY, Jang JH, Gu B‐M, Choi J‐S, Jung MH, Choi C‐H, Kwon JS. Aberrant ventral striatal responses during incentive processing in unmedicated patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder.</P><P><B>Objective: </B> Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the dysfunction of control and reward mechanisms. However, only few neuroimaging studies of OCD have examined the reward processing. We examined the neural responses during incentive processing in OCD.</P><P><B>Method: </B> Twenty unmedicated patients with OCD and 20 age‐, sex‐, and IQ‐matched healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a modified monetary incentive delay task.</P><P><B>Results: </B> Compared with controls, patients with OCD showed increased ventral striatal activation in the no‐loss minus loss outcome contrast and a significant positive correlation between the ventral striatal activation and compulsion symptom severity. In addition, patients with OCD showed increased activations in the frontostriatal regions in the gain minus no‐gain outcomes contrast. During loss anticipation, patients with OCD showed less activations in the lateral prefrontal and inferior parietal cortices. However, during gain anticipation, patients with OCD and healthy controls did not differ in the ventral striatal activation.</P><P><B>Conclusion: </B> These findings provide neural evidence for altered incentive processing in unmedicated patients with OCD, suggesting an elevated sensitivity to negatively affect stimuli as well as dysfunction of the ventral striatum.</P>

Ex situ catalytic upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass components over vanadium contained H-MCM-41 catalysts

Kim, B.S.,Jeong, C.S.,Kim, J.M.,Park, S.B.,Park, S.H.,Jeon, J.K.,Jung, S.C.,Kim, S.C.,Park, Y.K. Elsevier Science Publishers 2016 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.265 No.-

<P>H-V-MCM-41 catalysts containing 5, 10, and 30 wt% of vanadium were synthesized and applied to the ex situ catalytic pyrolysis (CP) of three polymeric components of lignocellulosic biomass for the first time. Characterization of the catalysts was performed using N-2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, FT-IR, and NH3-TPD. The results of XRD analysis showed that 5 wt% and 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 catalysts maintained the mesoporous structure, whereas the mesoporous structure was destroyed in 30 wt% H-V-MCM-41 with considerable amount of small V2O5 crystalline outside the framework. NH3-TPD showed that H-V-MCM-41 has mostly weak acid sites and that 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 had the largest quantity of acid sites due to framework vanadium. In the case of CP of cellulose using Py-GC/MS, 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 showed the highest catalytic activity for the production of valuable furanic compounds such as furfural because of the enhanced deoxygenation over the acid sites formed on framework vanadium. In the case of CP of xylan as well, 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 led to the largest yield of mono-aromatics. The production of acetic acid was also promoted by H-V-MCM-41 catalysts. The CP of lignin over H-V-MCM-41 catalysts promoted substantially the production of important feedstock chemicals for the petrochemical industry: phenolics and mono-aromatics. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

H형강 롤포스 예측 모델 개발

정현석(H. S. Jung),위창현(C. H. Wee),문홍길(H. K. Moon),서경호(K. H. Seo),김태형(T. H. Kim),배병철(B. C. Bae),이영석(Y. S. Lee) 한국소성·가공학회 2023 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.11

재생 불량성 빈혈 및 골수 이형성군 환자의 요중 Erythropoietin 활성도의 Bioassay

이봉휘,정문성,지영구,남홍우,송형운,한창순,한치화,박종원,김춘추,--,김창규 대한내과학회 1990 대한내과학회지 Vol.38 No.5

Erythropoietin, a glycoprotein hormone, has an important and well-established role in regulating the developement of RBCs from committed erythropoietic precussor. Its activity can be measured by bioassay or RIA. Recently, we investigated urinary erythropoietin activity in A. A. patients and MDS patients by bioassay and RIA. In bioassay, we used as 3H-thymidine incorperation method to BACB-C mouse spleen cell. Thereafter we compared urinary Epo. acitivity in each disease group and like to find out prognostic significance to be influenced. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The urinary Epo. activities of the A.A. and MDS groups were higher than those of the normal control gorup. and the urinary Epo. activities of the A.A. group showed a marked increase over those of the MDS group (105.5±81.6 vs 1.7±1.5). But the after immune modulation therapyu, urinary Epo. acitivities of the A.A. group markedly decreased to the normal value (105.5±81.6 vs 1.8±1.7, p<0.001). 2. Age and sex differences were not related with urinary Epo. activities in each goup. 3. The hematocrits of the A.A. group did not correlate with any the urinary Epo. acitivities, but an inverse correlation was found in the MDS group. 4. The urinary Epo. activities measured by RIA were higher than those measured by bioassay, but there was a close corrlation between the two methods(R=0. 8, p< 0.001).