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Surface segregation and oxidation of Pt<sub>3</sub>Ni(111) alloys under oxygen environment
Lee, H.C.,Kim, B.M.,Jeong, C.K.,Toyoshima, R.,Kondoh, H.,Shimada, T.,Mase, K.,Mao, B.,Liu, Z.,Lee, H.,Huang, C.Q.,Li, W.X.,Ross, P.N.,Mun, B.S. Elsevier Science Publishers 2016 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.260 No.-
<P>Utilizing ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS), the surface segregation and oxidation of Pt3Ni(1 1 1) alloys are investigated as a function of temperature and oxygen pressure. The in situ AP-XPS measurements of oxygen oxidation process show that the Pt 'skin' surface is not stable under the exposure of oxygen pressure of 100 mTorr at room temperature. As the temperature and pressure are elevated, the formations of Ni2O3, NiOx, and NiO are observed on surface while Pt atom starts to reduce its adsorbed oxygen, which is a clear sign of surface segregation of Ni to surface. Upon the evacuation of oxygen gas, i.e. ultrahigh vacuum condition, both of NiOx and NiO oxide get reduced and Ni2O3 remains on the surface. The DFT calculation is employed to explain the formation of surface oxides under oxidation condition. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Kumar, V.,Shin, J.S.,Shie, J.J.,Ku, K.B.,Kim, C.,Go, Y.Y.,Huang, K.F.,Kim, M.,Liang, P.H. Elsevier/North-Holland 2017 ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH Vol.141 No.-
<P>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe acute respiratory illness with fever, cough and shortness of breath. Up to date, it has resulted in 1826 human infections, including 649 deaths. Analogous to picornavirus 3C protease (3C(PrO)), 3C-like protease (3CL(PrO)) is critical for initiation of the MERS-CoV replication cycle and is thus regarded as a validated drug target. As presented here, our peptidomimetic inhibitors of enterovirus 3C(PrO) (6b. 6c and 6d) inhibited 3CLPr0 of MERS-CoV and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) with IC50 values ranging from 1.7 to 4.7 M and from 0.2 to 0.7 M, respectively. In MERS-CoV-infected cells, the inhibitors showed antiviral activity with EC50 values ranging from 0.6 to 1.4 1.1M, by downregulating the viral protein production in cells as well as reducing secretion of infectious viral particles into culture supernatants. They also suppressed other cc and 8-CoVs from human and feline origin. These compounds exhibited good selectivity index (over 70 against MERS-CoV) and could lead to the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs against emerging CoVs and picornaviruses. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Huang, Yunda,Zhang, Lily,Janes, Holly,Frahm, Nicole,Isaacs, Abby,Kim, Jerome H.,Montefiori, David,McElrath, M. Julie,Tomaras, Georgia D.,Gilbert, Peter B. Elsevier 2017 Vaccine Vol.35 No.8
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>The evaluation of durable immune responses is important in HIV vaccine research and development. The efficiency of such evaluation could be increased by incorporating predictors of the responses in the statistical analysis. In this paper, we investigated whether and how baseline demographic variables and immune responses measured two weeks after vaccination predicted durable immune responses measured six months later.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We included data from seven preventive HIV vaccine regimens evaluated in three clinical trials: a Phase 1 study of four DNA, NYVAC and/or AIDSVAX vaccine regimens (HVTN096), a Phase 2 study of two DNA and/or MVA vaccine regimens (HVTN205), and a Phase 3 study of a single ALVAC/AIDSVAX regimen (RV144). Regularized random forests and linear regression models were used to identify and evaluate predictors of the positivity and magnitude of durable immune responses.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We analyzed 201 vaccine recipients with data from 10 to 127 immune response biomarkers, and 3–5 demographic variables. The best prediction of participants’ durable response positivity based on two-week responses rendered up to close-to-perfect accuracy; the best prediction of participants’ durable response magnitude rendered correlation coefficients between the observed and predicted responses ranging up to 0.91. Though prediction performances differed among biomarkers, durable immune responses were best predicted by the two-week response level of the same biomarker. Adding demographic information and two-week response levels of different biomarkers provided little or no improvement in the predictions.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>For some biomarkers and for the vaccines we studied, two-week post-vaccination responses can well predict durable responses six months later. Therefore, if immune response durability is only assessed in a sub-sample of vaccine recipients, statistical analyses of durable responses will have increased efficiency by incorporating two-week response data. Further research is needed to generalize the findings to other vaccine regimens and biomarkers.</P> <P>Clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: NCT01799954, NCT00820846, NCT00223080.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> HIV vaccine-induced immune responses at 2weeks predict those 6months later. </LI> <LI> The former responses can increase evaluation efficiency of vaccine durability. </LI> <LI> The former responses of the same biomarker best predict the latter. </LI> <LI> Demographics and responses of other biomarkers add little for prediction. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Fabrication feasibility study on copper cold spray in tokamak system
Kim, G.H.,Park, C.K.,Ahn, H.J.,Kim, H.S.,Hong, K.H.,Jin, S.W.,Lee, H.G.,Fukanuma, H.,Huang, R.,Roh, B.R.,Kim, T.S.,Sung, H.J.,Sa, J.W.,Choi, C.H. Elsevier 2015 Fusion engineering and design Vol.98 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To improve the plasma vertical stabilization during tokamak operation, partial pure copper layer could be considered on the inner shell of vacuum vessel which is large complex component made of stainless steel. The copper cladding has been a great challenge due to the complicated configuration and difficulty of dissimilar metal joining. From an engineering point of view, there are several candidates for the copper cladding such as cold spray, overlay welding and explosive welding. In this paper, fabrication feasibility study for copper cladding has been carried out by using cold spray method, and a set of full scale mock-up of in-vessel component has been conducted to demonstrate applicability of copper cold spray and to verify copper layer. The results of copper cold spray on test specimens and mock-up showed good properties and no defects on the thick copper layer. Optimum conditions of copper cold spray have been developed based on these results. Accordingly, it can be concluded that cold spray is a feasible and practical method to achieve thick copper cladding on tokamak component.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The optimum conditions of copper cold spray on stainless steel 316L have been studied to apply to large complex component. </LI> <LI> The optimum procedure of copper cold spray has been developed. </LI> <LI> Copper cold spray on the full-scale mock-up has been performed to verify the fabrication feasibility. </LI> <LI> The results show that the cold spray is feasible way to achieve a thick copper cladding on engineering scale component. </LI> </UL> </P>
Effects of catalpalactone on dopamine biosynthesis and L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells
Huang, H.S.,Han, X.H.,Hwang, B.Y.,Park, J.I.,Yoo, S.K.,Lee, H.J.,Lim, S.C.,Lee, M.K. Elsevier Science B.V 2008 Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Vol.26 No.1
The effects of catalpalactone on dopamine biosynthesis and L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells were investigated. Catalpalactone at 5-30μM decreased intracellular dopamine content with the IC<SUB>50</SUB> value of 22.1μM. Catalpalactone at 5-20μM, but not 30μM, did not alter cell viability. Catalpalactone at 20μM inhibited tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic-l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) activities. Catalpalactone also decreased cyclic AMP levels and inhibited TH phosphorylation. In addition, catalpalactone at 20μM reduced the increases in dopamine levels induced by L-DOPA (20-50μM). Catalpalactone (5-30μM) associated with L-DOPA (50-100μM) enhanced L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity at 48h, which was prevented by N-acetyl-l-cysteine. These results suggest that catalpalactone inhibited dopamine biosynthesis by reducing TH and AADC activities and enhanced L-DOPA-induced cytotoxiciy in PC12 cells.
Development of the 3.7 GHz LHCD System on HL-2A
B. Lu,M. Huang,H. Zeng,X. Y. Bai,X. H. Mao,Z. H. Lu,J. Liang,Z. H. Kang,M. W. Wang,K. Feng,H. Wang,C. Wang,J. Q. Wang,S. Wei,T. Yao,Y. N. Bu,J. Feng,G. Y. Cheng,S. D. Song,D. H. Xia,J. Rao 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.8
A 2 MW-3.7 GHz lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system is under development for physicsexperiments on the HL-2A device. The RF Power is generated by four TH2103A klystron amplifiersand propagates in the TE10 mode through WR284 waveguides. The transmission lines with a lengthof 20 m to 30 m are pressurized with 2 bars of nitrogen to decrease the possibility of arcing. Thelauncher, based on the passive-active multi-junction (PAM) concept, has been developed and iscurrently being realized. It was designed for a power spectrum peaked at Nk = 2.75 with goodcoupling properties over a wide range of plasma parameters. The four klystrons are fed by ahigh-voltage power supply (HVPS) based on the pulse step modulation (PSM) concept with a fastswitch-off time of less than ten μs. This system is expected to be in operation within 1 years and willexplore many international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) related LH experiments inthe following years.
H. Huang,H. Jang,B.Y. Kang,B.K. Cho,C.-C. Kao,Y.-J. Liu,J.-S. Lee 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.11
The frustrated magnet has been regarded as a system that could be a promising host material for the quantum spin liquid (QSL). However, it is difficult to determine the spin configuration and the corresponding mechanism in this system, because of its geometrical frustration (i.e., crystal structure and symmetry). Herein, we systematically investigate one of the geometrically frustrated magnets, the TbB4 compound. Using resonant soft x-ray scattering (RSXS), we explored its spin configuration, as well as Tb's quadrupole. Comprehensive evaluations of the temperature and photon energy/polarization dependences of the RSXS signals reveal the mechanism of spin reorientation upon cooling down, which is the sophisticated interplay between the Tb spin and the crystal symmetry rather than its orbit (quadrupole). Our results and their implications would further shed a light on the search for possible realization of QSL.
Huang, H.,Jang, H.,Kang, B.Y.,Cho, B.K.,Kao, C.-C.,Liu, Y.-J.,Lee, J.-S. Elsevier 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.11
<P>The frustrated magnet has been regarded as a system that could be a promising host material for the quantum spin liquid (QSL). However, it is difficult to determine the spin configuration and the corresponding mechanism in this system, because of its geometrical frustration (i.e., crystal structure and symmetry). Herein, we systematically investigate one of the geometrically frustrated magnets, the TbB4 compound. Using resonant soft x-ray scattering (RSXS), we explored its spin configuration, as well as Tb's quadrupole. Comprehensive evaluations of the temperature and photon energy/polarization dependences of the RSXS signals reveal the mechanism of spin reorientation upon cooling down, which is the sophisticated interplay between the Tb spin and the crystal symmetry rather than its orbit (quadrupole). Our results and their implications would further shed a light on the search for possible realization of QSL.</P>