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The Impact of 3D-CAD on New Product Development
Yaichi Aoshima,Kentaro Nobeoka,Yoko Takeda 한국경제발전학회 2004 經濟發展硏究 Vol.10 No.2
정보기술의 급속한 발전은 많은 제조업체의 신제품개발과정에 심대한 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구의 초점인 3D-CAD 기술은 그러한 정보기술의 예이다. 최근의 3D-CAD는 제품의 모든 부분들을 디지털 데이터로서 정의하는 것을 가능하게 한다. 이것은 신제품이 개발되는 방식과 계발계획의 수행에 상당한 효과를 갖는다. 안전히 디지털화된 데이터는 컴퓨터에 의한 모의 실험을 가능하게 한디. 또한 상이한 개발 단계에서의 정보의 흐름과 전달을 간단하게 한다. 컴퓨터에 의해 직관적으로 이해되는 형태로 시각화된 디자인 정보는 특별한 훈련없이도 전방과 후방 단계의 기술자들의 초기협력을 강화한다. 이러한 모든 효과는 이론상으로 리드 타임과 엔지니어링 시간(lead-time and engineering hours)을 가소시키고 제품의 질을 향상시킨다. 그러나, 실제적으로는 기업은 그러한 이익을 완전히 향유하지 못한다. 이유가 무엇인가? 기업은 실제로 어떻게 3D-CAD를 이용하는가? 무엇이 이 신기술의 효율적 이용을 방해하는가? 본 논문은 이러한 의문들에 대한 연구이다. 우리는 1998, 2001, 2004년에 각각 700 개의 일문 회사들에 대해서 이루어진 설문조사로부터 추출된 데이터를 이용한다. 우리는 첫째, 3D-CAD 는 엔지니어링 시간의 감소에는 직접적 효과가 별로 없는 반면, 리드 타임을 감소시켰고 제품의 질을 상당히 향상시켰다는 점을 발견했다. 둘째, 우리의 분석은 3D-CAD 가 프로세스 변화로의 영향을 통해서 간접적으로 작용하는 효과가 중요함을 보인다. 그러한 프로세스 변화는 개발성과를 상당히 향상시킨다. 셋째, 3D-CAD 도입을 위한 조직상의 과정이, 기업이 이 기술로부터 얻는 이익을 다르게 한다. 상향식 도입에 의한 적응은 3D-CAD 의 글로벌적인 최적 사용을 방해하는 것 같다. 결론은 3D-CAD 가 바로 이익을 가져오지 않고, 적절한 과정 및 조직변화와 연계되어야 함을 암시한다. (JEL O31) The rapid advancement of information technology has profoundly influenced the process of new product development in many manufacturing companies. 3D-CAD technology, the focus of this study, is an example of such information technology. The latest 3D-CAD makes it possible to define all product constituent components and units as digital data. This has a substantial impact on the way new products are developed and performance of development projects. Having fully digitized product data enables computer-simulated testing without real prototypes. It also simplifies information flows and transmissions across different development stages. Visualizeddesign information by computer in an intuitively understandable form facilitates early collaboration among up-stream and down-stream engineers with different disciplines All these effects should, in theory, reduce lead-time and engineering hours, and improve product quality. However, in reality, such benefits are not fully captured by companies. Why is it? How do companies actually utilize 3D-CAD? What impedes the effective use of this new technology? What should companies understand to fully benefit from this tool? These are the questions addressed in this paper. To address these questions, we analyzedata obtained from questionnaire surveys conducted three times, in 1998, 2001, and 2004, each on 700 Japanese companies. We found, first, that the use of 3D-CAD has little direct effect on a reduction of engineering hours while it reduces lead-time and substantially improves product quality. Second, our analysis shows that an indirect effect through its impact on process changes associated with redefined task boundaries is important. Such process changes as downstream incorporation and task integration significantly improve development performance. Third, an organizational process for 3D-CAD introduction differentiates benefits that companies obtain from this technology. Localized adaptation driven by a bottom-up introduction process seems to impede global maximization for a 3D-CAD use. The result implies that just devising 3D-CAD does not bring about expected benefits: it must be associated with appropriate process and organizational change.
Palfique Estelite의 경화전후 색조 변화에 관하여
유타가 요시마,하루히또 다까기,노리꼬 사이렌지,하루히또 이께다,다가시 구로다,히데오 오노세,Aoshima, Yutaka,Takagi, Haruhito,Sairenji, Noriko,Ikeda, Harughiko,Kuroda, Takashi,Onose, Hideo 대한심미치과학회 1997 Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistr Vol.6 No.1
It is pointed out that the color of composite resin is changing according to it's ploymerization and this color change is a harmful effect for the clinical satisfacion of composite resin restoration. The purpose of this study was to compare the changes of color of newly developed composite resins between before and after exposure of activating light. Five Compostie resins (8 shades) were employed: Palfique Estelite(UL, U, DY, G ; Tokuyama), Photo Clearfil A (US : Kuraray), Photo Clearfil Bright (US ; Kuraray), GC Graft LC(A3 ; GC), Silux Plus(U; 3M), Tristirnulus values of each material were determined before and after curing-light exposure by using a Micro Multi Photometer (MMP-1001, Nihon Denshoku Kogyo). The values were transformed into $L^*\;a^*\;b^*$ system and color changes of the resins were evaluated by the changes of $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ values for the individual shades. In addition, the effects of resin thickness and background color on color changes were also studied The finding were as follows: 1. Color changes of $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ values were recognized due to the light exposure for all products. The $b^*$ values of Palfique Estelite showed negligible changes for all shades. 2. The $b^*$ values were affected strongly by the background color, especially when decreasing the brightness on the background color.(Request original article reprints to Dr. Aoshima)
Size-controlled Growth of Fe Nanoparticles in Gas Flow Sputtering Process
H. Sakuma,H. Aoshima,K. Ishii 한국자기학회 2006 Journal of Magnetics Vol.11 No.3
Iron (Fe) nanoparticles with diameters of 15?50 nm were obtained by the gas flow sputtering process. The particle size varied with the discharge current and Ar gas flow rate. While the particle size increased with the discharge current at an Ar flow rate of 500 sccm, the distribution of the particle diameters splits into two peaks for an Ar flow rate of 200 sccm and low discharge current. At 200 sccm, particles of about 50 nm were obtained regardless of the discharge current; in addition, smaller particles with diameters depending on the discharge current were also obtained. The changes in the particle size are discussed in terms of Fe vapor density and growth period.
Growth of Nitrogen-Doped MgxZn1−xO for Use in Visible Rejection Photodetectors
A. Nakamura,T. Aoshima,T. Hayashi,S. Gangil,J. Temmyo,A. Navarro,J. Pereiro,E. Munoz 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.5
Improvement in the Schottky behavior of metal (Au) contacts with Mg0.01Zn0.99O and Mg0.01Zn0.99O:N thin films were observed by treating the films with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (dipping of samples in H2O2 at 100 ℃ for 3 min). Contacts formed on untreated film showed Ohmic behavior in the current-voltage (I-V ) measurements. The H2O2 treatment led to a smooth surface morphology for the films and resulted in Schottky contact of Au fabricated on the treated films with barrier heights of 0.82 ∽ 0.85 eV. The absolute current density at a reverse bias of 3 V was 1 ∽ 6 × 10−6 A/cm2 for Au contacts on H2O2-treated films. The treated films showed lower electron concentration than the untreated films due to removal of the relatively high conducting top layers of the thin films. A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) detector was fabricated using a Mg0.05Zn0.95O:N film and was characterized for its spectral response.
Antioxidative and anti-α-amylase activities of four wild plants consumed by pastoral nomads in Egypt
Hossain, SJ,El-Sayed, M,Aoshima, H Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2009 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.9 No.3
In this study, four plants grown naturally in Egypt that are usually consumed by pastoral nomads were screened for their total phenolic contents, antioxidative, and anti-$\alpha$-amylase activities. Dried powder of plant's part was extracted in absolute or 70% ethanol. A polar extract of Panicum turgidum (PTPE) had the highest total polyphenol content {92.5 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g}, followed by an alkaloid extract of Withania somnifera (WSAlk; 77.5 mg GAE/g), and an ethanol extract of Leptadenia pyrotechnica (LPEE; 59.1 mg GAE/g). By employing different assays such as DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, $Fe^+$ chelating, $H_2O_2$ scavenging and total antioxidant capacity, it was shown that PTPE, WSEE (ethanol extract of W. somnifera), WSAlk and LPEE had promising antioxidant activity, though, their potency varied according to the different tests. WSAlk had the highest level of $\alpha$-amylase inhibition (40.2%) in vitro, followed by WSEE (30.5%). Therefore, it can be concluded that these plants, especially extracts of PTPE, and WSAlk are beneficial to physiological health, and could be used in food and pharmaceutical industries to prepare dietary supplements, functional foods or food preservatives.