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Distance Relay Suitable for Intertie Protection of a Large Wind Farm
Lee, Sang-Cheol,Lee, Young-Gui,Kang, Hae-Gweon,Zheng, Tai-Ying,Kang, Yong-Cheol The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2012 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.2 No.3
A large modern wind farm should keep connected to the grid in the case of a grid fault whilst it should be isolated for an intertie fault. To achieve this function, this paper proposes a distance relaying algorithm suitable for intertie protection of a wind farm in the time domain. The proposed algorithm estimates impedance based on a differential equation method because the frequencies of the voltage and the current deviate from the nominal frequency. To discriminate an intertie fault from a grid fault, the algorithm uses a voltage blocking scheme because the magnitude of the voltage at the point of common coupling for an intertie fault becomes less than that for a grid fault. The performance of the algorithm is verified using the PSCAD/EMTDC simulator under various fault conditions. The results indicate that the algorithm can extend the reach of Zone 1 up to 100% of the length of an intertie and thus discriminate successfully the intertie fault from the grid fault.
자궁경부 종양 환자에서 세포진 검사, 질확대경조준하생검, 원추절제술의 진단적 정확도와 원추절제술 후 잔류 종양의 예측인자
길기철(Ki Cheol Kil),허수영(Soo Young Hur),이귀세라(Gui Se Ra Lee),양용재(Yong Jae Yang),이지현(Jee Hyun Lee),이희중(Hee Joong Lee),김사진(Sa Jin Kim),김은중(Eun Jung Kim),송승규(Seung Kyu Song),남궁성은(Sung Eun NamKoong),김수평(Soo P 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.9
Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cytology, colposcopically directed biopsy and conization and to analyze predictive factors for residual tumor after conization in patients with cervical neoplasia. Methods: We reviewed 167 patients who had undergone cytology, colposcopically directed biopsy and conization followed by subsequent hysterectomy depending on their current disease status at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Catholic University of Korea Medical College, Holy Family Hospital from January, 1993 to August, 1998. The diagnostic accuracy of cytology, colposcopically directed biopsy and conization were investigated. Also, we investigated the significance of the margin status and the presence of HPV which were used to predict residual tumors in hysterectomy specimens after conization. Results: The results of each methods were analyzed with regard to the histopathologic findings of the surgical specimen. The accuracy rates of cytology, and colposcopically directed biopsy were 59.3% (99 of 167) and 71.3% (119 of 167), respectively. After conization, residual tumors were found in 30.1% of subsequent hysterectomized specimens (51 of 167). Underestimation by conization occurred in 2.0% of cases (1 of 51) and overestimation in 7.8% (4 of 51). Residual tumors were significantly more frequent in patients with positive conization margins than in those with negative margins (P<0.001). But the presence of HPV was not significant. Conclusion: These results suggest that diagnostic conization seems to be essential procedure in patients showing abnormal results by cytology and colposcopically directed biopsy, especially in those with CIN III or microinvasion, for the further proper management of cervical neoplastic lesion and margin status is useful in predicting residual tumor after conization.
이충원,조원철,이미영,서석권,김귀련,신혜원 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.1
The study was conducted from May to July in 1995 to investigate lifestyle variables associated with anemia in some female workers of the six large plants in Taegu. Cases were selected by a doctor based on symptoms and physical examination and controls were matched according to age limits(±5) plant employed. The final subjects analyzed were 385 excluding 36 who had underlying diseases associated with anemia or many missing values. Anemia was defined by the blood hemoglobin level less than 12 g/dL. Anemic subjects were 190(49.4%) with nonsignificant age distribution between cases and controls. Univariate logistic regression showed that there was no statistically significant difference in sociodemographic and occupational variables. Number of pad used during menstruation(odds ratio, OR=1.03, 95% Confidence interval CI, 1.00-1.05) was the only significant among the menstruation-related variables. None of the lifestyle variables were significant but those who consume more than 4 cups of coffee a day vs. none and animal iron intake showed borderline statistical signficance with the ORs 2.60 and 0.99 respectively. After controlling for marital status, native place and number of pad with the multiple logistic regression, those who consume more than 4cups of coffee a days vs. none showed statistically significant OR 2.93(95% CI 1.01-8.49). Animal iron intake and diet to lose weight indicated borderline significance with ORs 0.99(p=0.06) and 1.47(p=0.09), respectively. These results suggest that there are some anemia-associated lifestyle variables and these variables may be important for the behavior modification to prevent anemia in female workers.
조기분만과 TNF-α 및 IL-1β 유전자의 다형성과의 연관성
박철훈 ( Cheol Hoon Park ),박인양 ( In Yang Park ),고현선 ( Hyun Sun Ko ),안현영 ( Hyun Young Ahn ),김수평 ( Soo Pyung Kim ),신종철 ( Jong Chul Shin ),김연희 ( Youn Hee Kim ),이귀세라 ( Gui Se Ra Lee ),이희중 ( Hee Joong Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2004 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.47 No.12
Objective : To elucidate whether polymorphisms of tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are associated with preterm delivery caused by preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) in korean pregnant women. Methods :
시간영역에서 순시 유효/무효전력을 이용한 마이크로그리드의 단독운전 판단
이영귀(Young-Gui Lee),김연희(Yeon-Hee Kim),정태영(Tai-Ying Zheng),김태현(Tae-Hyun Kim),강용철(Yong-Cheol Kang) 대한전기학회 2012 전기학회논문지 Vol.61 No.1
Correct and fast detection of a micro-grid (MG) islanding is essential to the MG since operation, control and protection of the MG depend on an operating mode i.e., an interconnected mode or an islanding mode. When islanding occurs, the frequency of the point of common coupling (PCC) is not the nominal frequency during the transient state owing to the frequency rise or drop of generators in the MG. Thus, the active and reactive power calculated by the frequency domain based method such as Fourier Transform might contain some errors. This paper proposes an islanding detection algorithm for the MG based on the instantaneous active and reactive powers delivered to the dedicated line in the time domain. During the islanding mode, the instantaneous active and reactive powers delivered to the dedicated line are constants, which depend on the voltage of the PCC and the impedance of the dedicated line. In this paper, the instantaneous active and reactive powers are calculated in the time domain and used to detect i slanding. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified under various scenarios including islanding conditions, fault conditions and load variation using the PSCAD/EMTDC simulator. The results indicate that the algorithm successfully detects islanding for the MG.
임신 16주에 부분포상기태와 양측난포황체낭종이 함께 동반된 중증전자간증
길기철 ( Ki Cheol Kil ),이귀세라 ( Gui Se Ra Lee ),강영화 ( Young Wha Kang ),박동춘 ( Dong Choon Park ),최현주 ( Hyun Joo Choi ) 대한산부인과학회 2008 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.51 No.12
We present an unusual case in which a patient was diagnosed with the preeclampsia associated with a partial hydatidiform mole and bilateral theca-lutein cysts. The patient newly developed proteinuric hypertension at 16 weeks` gestation. Ultrasound findings showed small multiple cystic spaces in the placenta and a live singleton fetus. Triploid 69, XXX was confirmed at karyotype analysis. Intrauterine fetal death was found at 18 weeks` gestation and termination of pregnancy was performed, and a partial hydatidiform mole was confirmed at pathologic examination. Torsion of bilateral theca-lutein cysts was developed at postpartum one week. Detorsion and aspiration of the bilateral theca-lutein cysts were performed under the laparoscopy.
길기철 ( Ki Cheol Kil ),임시연 ( Si Yeon Lim ),고현선 ( Hyun Sun Ko ),김사진 ( Sa Jin Kim ),권동진 ( Dong Jin Kwon ),신종철 ( Jong Chul Shin ),김수평 ( Soo Pyung Kim ),이귀세라 ( Gui Se Ra Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2007 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.50 No.3
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical risk factors of emergency cesarean hysterectomy in patients with pregnancies complicated by placenta previa and whether the third trimester transvaginal ultrasonographic findings of placenta previa would predict emergency cesarean hysterectomy. Materials and Methods: Between January 1995 and March 2005, we retrospectively reviewed the records and compared between patients with pregnancies complicated by placenta previa who underwent cesarean hysterectomy and patients with pregnancies complicated by placenta previa who did not undergo cesarean hysterectomy. Results: There were 314 had placenta previa and 34 patients were performed cesarean hysterectomy (10.83%). There were significant differences on the basis of maternal age (31.53±4.41 vs 34.06±4.12, p<0.05), parity (0.81±0.70 vs 1.29±0.63, p<0.05), the number of cesarean section (0.36±0.56 vs 0.91±0.75, p<0.05), previous history of placenta previa and presence of placenta accreta, but not on the basis of gestational age, the number of antenatal vaginal bleeding, the number of abortions and emergency operation between two groups. On the basis of third trimester transvaginal ultrasonographic findings, significant differences were found on the distances from the internal os of cervix (1.18±3.66 vs 2.67±2.94, p<0.05) and thickness of lower placental edge. However, the presence of lacuna in the lower placenta was not associated with emergency hysterectomy. Conclusions: Patients with placenta previa are at a higher risk of undergoing cesarean hysterectomy when they are associated with placenta accreta, thick lower placenta edge, and positively longer distance to the internal os of cervix. The other clinical factors such as maternal age, parity, the number of cesarean section and previous history of placenta previa might be associated the risk of cesarean hysterectomy.