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Modern History of Hansen's Disease in Korea
Chae Gue-Tae 대한감염학회 2020 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.52 No.4
Modern history of Hansen's Disease (HD) in Korea begins with nationwide use of the chemotherapeutic agent Diamino Diphenyl Sulphone for the patients in 1955. Definition of the case was different from time to time. Based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) reported 4,393 registered patients and same number 4,393 as new cases in 1977. This is the turning point they accepted patient reporting system of WHO, but total number of registered and managed as leprosy patients was 28,029 in 1977, which means the people who needs HD service from government at that time. The number of new cases decreased from 4,393 in 1977, 39 in 1996 to 4 in 2017. Regarding to new cases, it takes 40 years to accomplish from thousands level to below 10. Now we have 166 active cases (registered patients) and reported them as patients to the WHO. Korea Civil Assistance Command invited Dr. RG Cochrane who visited Korea for six weeks to make blue print for eradication of HD in Korea. With his advice and MOHW set HD project and plan for manpower to solve HD problems in 1955. Dr. Joon Lew and his colleagues founded Korean Leprosy Prevention Association in 1947 to combat leprosy, enlighten the public, and solve social problems caused by HD. The Korean Leprosy Prevention Association led by him changed its name to the Korean Leprosy Association in 1956, and grew into the current Korean Hansen Welfare Association. This organization is now playing a leading role in the eradication and management of HD in Korea.
Kang, Tae Jin,Lee, Geum Seon,Kim, Se Kon,Jin, Song Hou,Chae, Gue Tae Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2010 MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION Vol.2010 No.-
<P>A/J mice were found to have amino acid differences in Naip5, one of the NOD-like receptors (NLRs) involved in the cytosolic recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and one of the adaptor proteins for caspase-1 activation. This defect was associated with a susceptibility to <I>Legionella</I> infection, suggesting an important role for Naip5 in the immune response also to other intracellular pathogens, such as <I>Mycobacterium leprae</I>. In this study, the immune responses of macrophages from A/J mice against <I>M. leprae</I> were compared to those of macrophages from C57BL/6 mice. Infection with <I>M. leprae</I> induced high levels of TNF-<I>α</I> production and NF-<I>κ</I>B activation in A/J and C57BL/6 macrophages. Caspase-1 activation and IL-1<I>β</I> secretion were also induced in both macrophages. However, macrophages from A/J mice exhibited reduced caspase-1 activation and IL-1<I>β</I> secretion compared to C57BL/6 macrophages. These results suggest that NLR family proteins may have a role in the innate immune response to <I>M. leprae</I>.</P>
Vitamin D Receptor Gene TaqI, BsmI and FokI Polymorphisms in Korean Patients with Tuberculosis
Kang, Tae-Jin,Jin, Song-Hou,Yeum, Chung-Eun,Lee, Seong-Beom,Kim, Chi-Hong,Lee, Sang-Haak,Kim, Kwan-Hyoung,Shin, Eun-Soon,Chae, Gue-Tae The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2011 Immune Network Vol.11 No.5
Background: The active metabolite (1, 25- dihydroxycholecalciferol) of vitamin D (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) leads to activation of macrophages and deficiency of vitamin D seems to be involved in the risk of tuberculosis. The effects of vitamin D are exerted by interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and may be influenced by polymorphism in the VDR gene. In this study, variation in the VDR gene was investigated in Korean population with tuberculosis. Methods: We typed three VDR polymorphisms of restriction endonuclease sites for TaqI, BsmI and FokI in 155 patients with tuberculosis and 105 healthy volunteers. Results: The frequencies of FokI genotypes determined from TB patients were 29.13% for FF, 56.31% for Ff, and 14.56% for ff. We observed 1.4-fold increased prevalence of the Ff genotype in TB patients compared with normal healthy groups (p=0.0857). However, there was no significant association between the genotype groups, TB patient and normal control, for FokI polymorphism. There was also no significant association between VDR gene and tuberculosis in another polymorphism (BsmI and TaqI). Conclusion: Three polymorphisms (TaqI, BsmI and FokI) in the VDR gene do not appear to be responsible for host susceptibility to human tuberculosis in Korean population.