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Telomerase Expression in Precancerous Oral Verrucous Hyperplasia
Greer, Robert O.,George Hoernig,Kenneth Shroyer Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 1999 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.24 No.2
Activation of telomerase and stabilization of telomeres are thought to be required for both cellular immortality and oncogenesis. Telomerase is an essential ribonucleoprotein that maintains telomere length and whose activity is associated with escape from cellular senescenec. Telomeres have been purported to function as mitotic clocks, shortening with age in a replication dependent manner. The role of telomerase in oral dysplastic lesions has not been well defined. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of telomerase in the precancerous dysplastic lesion verrucous hyperplasia. Using a modifies PCR-based assay for telomerase activity, 23 cases of verrucous hyperplasia were examined using a telomertric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP assay). Telomerase positive controls included enzyme abstracts from HELA cells, a squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Negative controls included RNAse pretreatment of tissue extracts. Fresh tissue samples from 23 cases of verrucous hyperplasia were assayed. Telomerase activity was detectable in 14 of 23 cases. Negative controls which included cheek biting leukoplakias failed to demonstrated telomerase activity. This study suggests that telomerase activation may indeed be associated with a precancerous phase of oral squamous cell carcinoma known as verrucous leukoplakia and that telomerase may serve as a biomarker for cancer risk assessment in patients with certain oral precancers.
Clonal Analysis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Females by Analysis of X-Chromosome Inactivation
Greer, Robert O.,Hoernig, George Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 1997 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.22 No.1
The clonal origin of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity in females was evaluated by analysis of the methylation pattern of the X-linked androgen receptor (HUMARA) gene. DNA extracted from paraffin embedded archival specimens was digested with Hpa Ⅱ, and PCR was performed to generate amplified DNA fragments of exon Ⅰ of the X-linked androgen receptor gene which contains a highly polymorphic trinucleotide repeat. Of a total of 8 tumors analyzed, 7 cases showed heterozygosity (86%) in the length of the amplification products and were therefore informative of clonal analysis. Clonal composition of the tumors was suggested by amplification of a single product band from Hpa Ⅱ treated genomic DNA. By contrast, PCR of Hpa Ⅱ treated DNA from normal tissue or lesional tissue of polyclonal composition resulted in amplified products of both maternally derived and paternally derived X-chromosomes. These observations indicate the clonal composition of squamous carcinoma of the oral mucous membrane in females. We conclude that analysis of the pattern of X-chromosome inactivation, targeting the AR gene by PCR, permits the determination of clonality in a high proportion of cases from archival tissues.
Andrew I. M. Greer,Nikolaj Gadegaard 대한금속·재료학회 2015 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.11 No.4
A UV-sensitive resist capable of curing in an oxygen atmosphere using single wavelength LED light sources is a niche area many UVnanoimprint lithography resists are incapable of addressing. However, the novel negative tone resist, presently (2015) known as DELOKATIOBOND OM VE 110707 (Delo-Katiobond), from Delo Industrial Adhesives has been designed to be specifically compatible with such conditions within the 320 - 440 nm wavelength range. The authors acquired some of the resist and evaluated its photolithographic performance under such conditions. Several lithographic methods were evaluated, namely nanoimprint-, photo- and laser lithography. Under the step-and-flash nanoimprint test conditions the Delo-Katiobond outperformed commercial alternatives from AMO and Microresist Technology. Processing and development conditions for photo- and laser lithography are also presented. Different discrete wavelengths were used for curing the resist in these two separate lithography processes, 365 nm and 405 nm respectively. The laser-defined lines in Delo-Katiobond coatings were found to be a fraction of alternative resist Nano SU-8 from MicroChem. The functionality of the Delo-Katiobond resist is also evaluated here. It is demonstrated to be effective for a range of resist functions including metal lift-off, elastomeric polymer casting and as a mask for reactive ion etching of a variety of materials.
THE IMPACT OF SERVICE BRAND PERSONALITY ON BRAND AFFECT, BRAND TRUST AND BRAND LOYALTY
Ursula Bougoure,Dominique Greer,Ben Smith 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7
This study builds upon the scant brand personality (BP) literature in services and highlights its applicability to services marketing, which is critical given increasing interest in building favourable service brands. This study examines the impact of Geuens, Weijters and De Wulf’s, (2009) BP measure, an arguably theoretically superior measure of BP to Aaker’s (1997), into an accepted nomological net by Chaudhuri and Holbrook (2001), and tests the extent to which BP dimensions determine behavioural outcomes in services (Geuens et al., 2009).
Wang, Y.,Gibb, D.,Greer, D.,McAllister, T.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.12
Feedlot and in vitro ruminal experiments were conducted to assess the effects of saponin-containing surfactant applied during tempering of barley grain on cattle growth performance and on ruminal fermentation. In the feedlot experiment, treatments with three barley grain/barley silage based diets were prepared using barley grain at 7.7% moisture (dry, D), after tempering to 18% moisture (M), or after tempering with a saponin-based surfactant included at 60 ml/t (MS). Each treatment was rolled at settings determined previously to yield optimally processed barley. A total of 180 newly weaned British${\times}$Charolais steers were fed three diets in 18 pens for a 63-d backgrounding period and 91-d finishing period to determine feed intake, growth rate and feed efficiency. Cattle were slaughtered at the end of the experiment to measure the carcass characteristics. Tempering reduced (p<0.001) volume weight and processing index, but processing characteristics were similar between MS and M. Tempering increased (p<0.05) growth during backgrounding only, compared with D, but did not affect feed intake in either phase. During backgrounding, feed efficiency was improved with tempering, but during finishing and overall this response was only observed with the surfactant. Tempering did not affect carcass weight, fat content or meat yield. Surfactant doubled the proportion of carcasses grading AAA. In the in vitro experiment, barley (500 mg; ground to <1.0 mm or steam-rolled) was incubated in buffered ruminal fluid (40 ml) without or with surfactant up to 20 ${\mu}l/g$ DM substrate for 24 h. Surfactant increased (p<0.05) apparent DM disappearance and starch digestibility but reduced productions of gas and the volatile fatty acid and acetate:propionate ratio, irrespective of barley particle size. Compared with feeding diets prepared with non-tempered barley, tempering with surfactant increased the feed efficiency of feedlot steers. This may have arisen from alteration in processing characteristics of barley grain by surfactant rather than its direct effect on rumen microbial fermentation.
( Dennis K Bideshi ),( Greer Waldrop ),( Maria Teresa Fernandez Luna ),( Mercedes Diaz Mendoza ),( Margaret C Wirth ),( Jeffrey J Johnson ),( Hyun Woo Park ),( Brian A Federici ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.8
The Cyt1Aa protein of Bacillus thuringiensis susbp. israelensis elaborates demonstrable toxicity to mosquito larvae, but more importantly, it enhances the larvicidal activity of this species Cry proteins (Cry11Aa, Cry4Aa, and Cry4Ba) and delays the phenotypic expression of resistance to these that has evolved in Culex quinquefasciatus. It is also known that Cyt1Aa, which is highly lipophilic, synergizes Cry11Aa by functioning as a surrogate membrane-bound receptor for the latter protein. Little is known, however, about whether Cyt1Aa can interact similarly with other Cry proteins not primarily mosquitocidal; for example, Cry2Aa, which is active against lepidopteran larvae, but essentially inactive or has very low toxicity to mosquito larvae. Here we demonstrate by ligand binding and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays that Cyt1Aa and Cry2Aa form intermolecular complexes in vitro, and in addition show that Cyt1Aa facilitates binding of Cry2Aa throughout the midgut of C. quinquefasciatus larvae. As Cry2Aa and Cry11Aa share structural similarity in domain II, the interaction between Cyt1Aa and Cry2Aa could be a result of a similar mechanism previously proposed for Cry11Aa and Cyt1Aa. Finally, despite the observed interaction between Cry2Aa and Cyt1Aa, only a 2-fold enhancement in toxicity resulted against C. quinquefasciatus. Regardless, our results suggest that Cry2Aa could be a useful component of mosquitocidal endotoxin complements being developed for recombinant strains of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and B. sphaericus aimed at improving the efficacy of commercial products and avoiding resistance.