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Customs Unions and Potential World Welfare : a Proof of Viner's Conjecture
Granger, Wilfrid 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 2001 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.16 No.4
Fifty years ago, Viner conjectured that customs unions may reduce the potential world welfare. The purpose of this note is to prove his conjecture rigorously using a simple and straightforward method. With respect to normative economics, this requires to show the possibility that, consecutively to a customs union (or a free trade area), the welfare of any arbitrarily country cannot increase while the welfare of all other countries is held unchanged through assumed international transfers. In order to show this, we construct a model of a world economy where inter-country compensations actually take place and we use it to provide numerical examples. It is further shown that the deterioration of the potential world welfare may occur even if there is no trade diversion in the vinerian sense, since substitution effects in consumption are the only cause of welfare changes in our model.
Incidental Mesenteric Paraganglioma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Jennie Granger,Dale Vimalachandran,Roy Mahapatra,Bushra Hamid,Katherine Gillespie,Matthew Fok 대한대장항문학회 2017 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.33 No.5
Mesenteric paragangliomas are a rare entity; consequently, only 12 cases have been reported to date. Although considered benign and often found incidentally, they have the potential to metastasize and are an important diagnosis to consider for patients with a mesenteric tumor. We report the case of a 71-year-old woman who was found on magnetic resonance imaging to have an incidental, large, complex, intra-abdominal mass that had initially been misdiagnosed as ovarian in origin. She underwent an open resection of the tumor and adjacent small bowel with no perioperative complications; histology confirmed the mass to be a mesenteric paraganglioma. This case report highlights several important key issues regarding paraganglioma, including diagnosis, imaging, genetic testing, and surgical resection. The results of a literature review are also discussed.
Customs Unions and Potential World Welfare: a Proof of Viner`s Conjecture
( Wilfrid Granger ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2001 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.16 No.4
Fifty years ago, Viner conjectured that customs unions may reduce the potential world welfare. The purpose of this note is to prove his conjecture rigorously using a simple and straightforward method. With respect to normative economics, this requires to show the possibility that, consecutively to a customs union (or a free trade area), the welfare of any arbitrarily country cannot increase while the welfare of all other countries is held unchanged through assumed international transfers. In order to show this, we construct a model of a world economy where inter-country compensations actually take place and we use it to provide numerical exemples. It is further shown that the deterioration of the potential world welfare may occur even if there is no trade diversion in the Vinerian sense, since substitution effects in consumption are the only cause of welfare changes in our model.
Sauvage, Severine,Samson, Emilie,Granger, Melanie,Majumdar, Anisha,Nigam, Poonam,Nahar, Lutfun,Celik, Sezgin,Sarker, Satyajit D. Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2010 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.10 No.4
Scutellaria pinnatifida A. Hamilt. (Lamiaceae) is an endemic Turkish herb. This plant is also endemic to Iran, and grows abundantly in other central and western Asian countries. Several species of the Scutellaria are known for their traditional uses in the treatment of hypertension, arteriosclerosis, inflammatory diseases, hepatitis, allergy, cancer and diarrhoea. Free-radical-scavenging property, antibacterial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of the n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of S. pinnatifida were assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the resazurin microtitre plate based assay, and the brine shrimp lethality assay, respectively. The DCM and MeOH extracts exhibited free-radical-scavenging property, with the $RC_{50}$ values of 0.362 and 0.127 mg/ml, respectively. Among the solid-phase extraction fractions of the MeOH extract, the 50% aqueous-MeOH fraction showed the highest level of free-radicalscavenging activity ($RC_{50}$ = 0.039 mg/ml). While the DCM extract showed low level of antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli, the MeOH extract was active against B. cereus, B. subtilis, E. coli and ampicillin-resistant E. coli. However, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the MeOH extract against these bacterial strains were >10 mg/ml. None of the extracts showed any significant toxicity towards brine shrimps ($LD_{50}$ = > 1.00 mg/ml).
Severine Sauvage,Emilie Samson,Melanie Granger,Anisha Majumdar,Poonam Nigam,Lutfun Nahar,Sezgin Celik,Satyajit D. Sarker 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2010 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.10 No.4
Scutellaria pinnatifida A. Hamilt. (Lamiaceae) is an endemic Turkish herb. This plant is also endemic to Iran, and grows abundantly in other central and western Asian countries. Several species of the Scutellaria are known for their traditional uses in the treatment of hypertension, arteriosclerosis,inflammatory diseases, hepatitis, allergy, cancer and diarrhoea. Free-radical-scavenging property,antibacterial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of the n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of S. pinnatifida were assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the resazurin microtitre plate based assay, and the brine shrimp lethality assay,respectively. The DCM and MeOH extracts exhibited free-radical-scavenging property, with the RC50 values of 0.362 and 0.127 mg/ml, respectively. Among the solid-phase extraction fractions of the MeOH extract, the 50% aqueous-MeOH fraction showed the highest level of free-radicalscavenging activity (RC50 = 0.039 mg/ml). While the DCM extract showed low level of antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli, the MeOH extract was active against B. cereus, B. subtilis, E. coli and ampicillin-resistant E. coli. However, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the MeOH extract against these bacterial strains were >10 mg/ml. None of the extracts showed any significant toxicity towards brine shrimps (LD50 = > 1.00 mg/ml).
Impact of fine particles on the rheological properties of uranium dioxide powders
Madian A.,Leturia M.,Ablitzer C.,Matheron P.,Bernard-Granger G.,Saleh K. 한국원자력학회 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.8
This study aims at characterizing the rheological properties of uranium oxide powders for nuclear fuel pellets manufacturing. The flowability of these powders must be compatible with a reproducible filling of press molds. The particle size distribution is known to have an impact on the rheological properties and fine particles (<100 mm) are suspected to have a detrimental effect. In this study, the impact of the particle size distribution on the rheological properties of UO2 powders was quantified, focusing on the influence of fine particles. Two complementary approaches were used. The first approach involved characterizing the powder in a static state: density, compressibility and shear test measurements were used to understand the behavior of the powder when it is transitioned from a static to a dynamic state (i.e., incipient flow conditions). The second approach involved characterizing the behavior of the powder in a dynamic state. Two zones, corresponding to two characteristic behaviors, were demonstrated for both types of measurements. The obtained results showed the amount of fines should be kept below 10 % wt to ensure a robust mold filling operation (i.e., constant mass and production rate).