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Govindan, Kumaresan 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1996 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.11 No.4
As regionalism is regaining its momentum in different parts of the world, South Asian countries are becoming increasingly interested in regional integration to achieve expanded trade and economic growth in the region. This study attempts to analyze the implications of a South Asian Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) for expanded trade in food commodities. The import and export intensity indices for food commodities suggest many strong trade linkages between different South Asian countries. Using a partial equilibrium model, the ex-ante trade creation and trade diversion effects of a SAPTA are computed for food commodities. The results indicate that SAPTA would yield a considerable trade expansion in the region and would be welfare improving for all the South Asian countries. (JEL Classification: F15, F17, F1)
Investigations into Performance of Dry EDM Using Slotted Electrodes
Govindan Puthumana,Suhas S. Joshi 한국정밀공학회 2011 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
Dry EDM is an emerging EDM technology, which uses gas as dielectric fluid. Due to low density of gaseous dielectric, the process experiences i) unconstrained plasma expansion thereby reducing the effective material removal rate (MRR) and ii)inefficient disposal of debris. This work proposes use of electrodes with peripheral slots to provide more space for the flow of dielectric for effective debris disposal and consequently improve MRR. In this regard, a comprehensive experimentation using Taguchi L16 orthogonal array has been planned initially to optimize the number of peripheral slots on the electrodes,and then to understand the effect of the slots on material removal, tool wear, oversize and depth achieved as a function of processing conditions. It is observed that the optimum number of peripheral slots on electrode for effective debris evacuation is four for the electrode configuration used in this work. The statistical analysis shows that in dry EDM,discharge current (I), gap voltage (V), rotational speed (N) and pulse off-time (Toff) control MRR. Also, use of slotted electrodes significantly reduces the electrode wear rate, and attachment of debris particles on the electrodes.
Govindan Sudha,Amal Janardhanan,Aswini Moorthy,Meena Chinnasamy,Sasikala Gunasekaran,Alamelu Thimmaraju,Jayanthi Gopalan 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.2
In vitro antioxidant activities, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents of Pleurotus djamor extracts were analyzed based on radical scavenging activities of methanol and aqueous extracts using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD), total Fe3+ reducing power, CUPRAC, phosphomolybdenum, metal chelating activity, and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. Both extract types showed efficient radical scavenging activities against DPPH and DMPD radicals, ferric (Fe3+) and cupric (Cu2+) ion reducing powers, metal chelating activities, and lipid peroxidation inhibition. Total phenolic contents of methanol and aqueous extracts were 2.79 and 5.95 mg of GAE/g, respectively. Flavonoid contents of methanol and aqueous extracts were 6.35 and 5.75 mg of CAE/g, respectively. Consumption of the mushroom P. djamor can be beneficial due to antioxidant properties.
Govindan, Muthuraman,Chung, Sang-Joon,Moon, Il-Shik American Chemical Society 2012 ACS combinatorial science Vol.14 No.6
<P>Electrochemically generated Co(III) mediated catalytic room temperature incineration of acetaldehyde, which is one of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), combined with wet scrubbing system was developed and investigated. Depending on the electrolyte’s type, absorption come removal efficiency is varied. In presence of electrogenerated Co(III) in sulfuric acid, acetaldehyde was mineralized to CO<SUB>2</SUB> and not like only absorption in pure sulfuric acid. The Co(III) mediated catalytic incineration led to oxidative absorption and elimination to CO<SUB>2</SUB>, which was evidenced with titration, CO<SUB>2</SUB>, and cyclic voltammetric analyses. Experimental conditions, such as current density, concentration of mediator, and gas molar flow rate were optimized. By the optimization of the experimental conditions, the complete mineralization of acetaldehyde was realized at a room temperature using electrochemically generated Co(III) with wet scrubber combinatorial system.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/acsccc/2012/acsccc.2012.14.issue-6/co300012a/production/images/medium/co-2012-00012a_0011.gif'></P>
Govindan Muthuraman,문일식 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.5
Mediated electrocatalytic oxidation (MEO) has been used for 150 years. Recently, the process was combined with scrubbing technology to allow the effective treatment of industrial air pollution. This review focuses on the development and applications of the MEO-assisted scrubbing process for the treatment of environmental air pollution. Particular focus was given to MEO using metal ions as mediators, influencing factors, such as electrolytes, electrode, flow method and rate, and the scrubbing column. More than 200 related publications were reviewed with 174 cited. Electro-scrubbing is considered as an advanced technology with possible further developments. Active electrodes, such as titanium-based Pt, DSA(RuO2/IrO2) film electrodes result in the complete mineralization of air pollutants in the MEO process. Air pollutants are removed with the assistance of electrogenerated high energy metal ions, such as Ag(II), Co(III) and Ce(IV), as well as by ozone and chlorine, as mediators in an acidic medium.
Govindan, Muthuraman,Chung, Sang-Joon,Moon, Il-Shik American Chemical Society 2012 INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH - Vol.51 No.6
<P>The sustainable applicability of Ag(II)/Ag(I) redox mediator was studied in a semipilot-scale system for treatment of model artificial flue gases containing NO and SO<SUB>2</SUB>. Various discontinuous current supplies were tested for their effect on sustainable use of the electrogenerated mediator. Current density, cell volume, number of flow-through cell, and feed flow rates were varied in electrochemical thin layer cells to improve the applicability of the proposed current supply method. Discontinuing current flow every (5/5) min on–off (<I>i</I><SUB>DC5</SUB>) resulted in improved regeneration capacity of Ag(II) after 15 h. After extended operation (24 h), removal efficiencies of 62% NO and 100% SO<SUB>2</SUB> were achieved by mediated electrochemical oxidation both individually and simultaneously using the proposed discontinuous current supply, demonstrating the sustainable use of the mediator. This study will be taken as a pretest for long-term sustainability testing of the mediator, Ag(II), during industrial scaling up.</P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ie2015813'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>