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Xiaohua Liu,Ruodong Mo,Kangsen Li,Jun She,Jiang Ma,Feng Gong 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.4
Bulk metallic glasses (amorphous alloys) exhibiting both high hardness and extraordinary thermoplastic forming ability, are perfect mold material for 3D optical microlens array. However, conventional 3D micro fabrication for metallic glass requires Si templates which are extremely costly and eco-unfriendly to machine and demold. In this study, we report a green and lowcost self-aligned multi-ball hot embossing process to create 3D micro dimple array on metallic glass by replicating spherical crowns of self-aligned precision balls. A 3D metallic glass micro dimple array with aperture of 867.2 μm and surface roughness of 8.2 nm was fabricated in 30 s. Different from conventional hot embossing that material full-filled into mold, the new process enables micro dimple fabrication with different specifications by freely controlling the down displacement of balls. Therefore, the relationship between down displacement and depth of micro dimple was revealed through exploring the material flow behavior by a verified FE model. In addition, to test the feasibility of the fabricated metallic glass mold, a PMMA compound eye structure was embossed and its focusing and imaging performance were subsequently evaluated. This research demonstrates a new manufacturing process for rapid fabrication of 3D microlens arrays metallic glass mold in a neat and economic way.
Feng, Xiao-Shan,Yang, Yan-Tong,Gao, She-Gan,Ru, Yi,Wang, Gong-Ping,Zhou, Bo,Wang, Yu-Feng,Zhang, Peng-Fei,Li, Pu-Yu,Liu, Yong-Xuan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.5
Objective: To establish the prevalence and distribution profile of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) over a 22-yr period in North China. Methods: Using endoscopy for primary diagnosis and histological analysis for the further confirmation, a total of 74,854 ESCC patients aged 20-89 between January 1985 and December 2006 were investigated to analyze the epidemiological profile including prevalence rates, distribution of age-of-onset, gender and geographical area of ESCC in Luoyang, the highest incidence area of North China. Results: A total of 4092 cases of ESCC were finally diagnosed among 74,854 patients who had their first endoscopies. The prevalence among males was higher than that among females (p<0.01), resulting in an overall male:female OR of 1.2 (95%CI, 1.2-1.3). The prevalence in rural areas was higher than in urban areas (p<0.01), resulting in an overall rural:urban OR of 2.6 (95%CI, 2.4-2.9). The rural:urban ORs and the 95% CI increased continuously from 2.6, 2.3-3.0 to 2.7, 2.2-3.3, respectively, for 4 consecutive periods during the 22-yr study period. Moreover, the median age of onset among females was higher than that among males (p<0.01). For both sexes and in both areas, the prevalence rates declined and the median age of onset rose for 4 consecutive periods in the 22-yrs time frame (p<0.01). Conculsions: These data reveal the epidemiological profile of ESCC in the area of North China, and suggest that urban areas and rural people account for a growing proportion of the ESCC patients although the prevalence of ESCC significantly declined and the median age-of-onset postponed over the 22-yrs period. Moreover, the prevalence status of ESCC in rural areas also underlines the need for public health initiatives aimed at reducing risk factors of this fatal disease.