http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
( Ghulam Mujtaba ),( Rizwan Muhammad ),이기세 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.1
The co-culture system, composed of microalgae and bacteria, is considered as an alternative biosystem that can sustainably be used to remove inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) and COD. Immobilized C. vulgaris and suspended activated sludge were used in 1-L bubble column photobioreactors with 600 mL culture volume for the removal of nutrients. Three different ratios of C. vulgaris and activated sludge (such as, 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) were applied to check the relative performance. Co-culture system, in any given ratio, removed significantly more nitrogen, phosphorous, and COD as compared to conventional system (activated sludge only). There was no significant difference in removing phosphorous and COD under three respected ratios. However, comparatively, most nitrogen was reduced in 2:1 of C. vulgaris and activated sludge. Both the C. vulgaris and bacteria present in activated sludge were increased during the treatment time.
Treating real municipal wastewater by immobilized C. vulgaris and suspended activated sludge
( Ghulam Mujtaba ),이기세 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0
Using real municipal wastewater (RMW), simultaneous removal of inorganic nutrients (N and P) and organic contaminants was accomplished in a single reactor with co-culture of immobilized C. vulgaris and suspended activated sludge. Co-culture successfully reduced the significant amount of N (93% removal) after 2.5 d of retention time. Complete removal of P was achieved after 1-d treatment, but after that, co-culture excreted some stored P in the culture medium. The concentrations of Nand P in the effluent were less than 2 and 0.1 mg L-1, respectively.However, the performance of co-culture for COD reductions was not satisfactory (only 50% removal). The growth of C. vulgaris was enhanced in the co-culture system that indicates the importance of synergistic effect of activated sludge. The current co-culture system is proved to be a good candidate in treating the inorganic nutrients, still, further improvement is needed for the elimination of organics.
Mujtaba, Ghulam,Rizwan, Muhammad,Kim, Garam,Lee, Kisay Elsevier 2018 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.343 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Simultaneous removal of inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and organic carbon (glucose) was realized from synthetically-made municipal wastewater using co-culture of suspended activated sludge and immobilized <I>Chlorella vulgaris</I> in a single reactor. Use of immobilized microalgae and suspended activated sludge can help in separating microalgae biomass from the culture broth at the end of treatment. Efficient removal of nutrients and COD was achieved by the symbiotic co-culture than stand-alone cultures of <I>C. vulgaris</I> and activated sludge after 2-d of retention time. By decreasing inoculum ratio of suspended activated sludge to immobilized <I>Chlorella vulgaris</I> (from 5.0 to 0.2), the performance of nutrients removal was enhanced significantly, and the co-culture at 0.5 inoculum ratio accomplished highest removal of nitrogen (99.8%) and phosphorus (100%) within 2 days of incubation. In the case for the removal of COD, co-culture with different inoculum ratios demonstrated virtually similar performance (showing 90–95% removal after 2-d treatment) which is indicating that there was no robust association between carbon degradation and inoculum ratio. The maximum growth of microalgae (0.76 from initial 0.4 g L<SUP>−1</SUP>) was obtained from the co-culture having 0.5 inoculum ratio indicating significance of proper inoculation. Co-culture at 0.5 inoculum ratio of suspended activated sludge and immobilized <I>C. vulgaris</I> was advanced in the semi-continuous mode treatment. By repeating batch cycles for three times, the co-culture considerably eliminated 98–100% nitrogen, 92–100% phosphorus, and 94–96% COD and accumulated 2.2 g L<SUP>−1</SUP> of biomass production confirming the stability of the current co-culture system in municipal wastewater medium.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The current co-culture exhibited simultaneous removal of nutrients and COD in two days. </LI> <LI> Removal efficiency was increased by decreasing the inoculum ratio from 5.0 to 0.5. </LI> <LI> The co-culture system demonstrated stability up to three repeated batch operations. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Mujtaba, Ghulam,Lee, Kisay Elsevier 2017 Water research Vol.120 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The use of algal-bacterial symbiotic association establishes a sustainable and cost-effective strategy in wastewater treatment. Using municipal wastewater, the removal performances of inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and organic pollutants were investigated by the co-culture system having different inoculum ratios (R) of suspended activated sludge to alginate-immobilized microalgae <I>Chlorella vulgaris</I>. The co-culture reactors with lower R ratios obtained more removal of nitrogen than in pure culture of <I>C. vulgaris</I>. The reactor with R = 0.5 (sludge/microalgae) showed the highest performance representing 66% removal after 24 h and 95% removal after 84 h. Phosphorus was completely eliminated (100%) in the co-culture system with inoculum ratios of 0.5 and 1.0 after 24 h and in the pure <I>C. vulgaris</I> culture after 36 h. The COD level was greatly reduced in the activated sludge reactor, while, it was increasing in pure <I>C. vulgaris</I> culture after 24 h of incubation. However, COD was almost stabilized after 24 h in the reactors with high R ratios such as 2.0, 5.0, and 10 due to the higher concentration of activated sludge. The growth of <I>C. vulgaris</I> was promoted from 0.03 g/L/d to 0.05 g/L/d in the co-culture of low inoculum ratios such as R = 0.5, implying that there exist an optimum inoculum ratio in the co-culture system in order to achieve efficient removal of nutrients.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This paper highlights the use of co-culture system in municipal wastewater treatment. </LI> <LI> Removal of nutrients was significantly increased in properly inoculated co-culture system. </LI> <LI> Release of organic matter from <I>Chlorella</I> biomass decreased the COD removal performance. </LI> </UL> </P>
Ghulam Mujtaba,Muhammad Rizwan,이기세 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.6
The co-culture system of photosynthetic microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and aerobic heterotrophic bacteria Pseudomonas putida was investigated as a possible combination of symbiotic mixed culture for the simultaneous removal of nutrients (ammonium and phosphate) and organic contaminants. Using synthetic municipal wastewater, the co-culture system exhibited symbiotic enhancement in the removal of nutrients and organic carbon compared to each of axenic cultures. The co-culture system performed successfully in removing both of ammonium and chemical oxygen demand (COD), showing around 80% removal for 4 days. Strategies of nitrogen and phosphorous starvation in C. vulgaris for two days prior to main treatment did not increase the performance of nutrients removal, indicating that the nutrient starvation as a pretreatment is unnecessary. Without alkalinity (as bicarbonate), nutrients and COD were not removed significantly, implying that the existence of alkalinity is essential for symbiotic treatment of both nutrients and organics. Results demonstrated that coculture system composed of C. vulgaris and P. putida can be a potential candidate of mixed culture system for the simultaneous removal of nutrients and organic carbon in wastewater treatment using a single reactor.
( Ghulam Mujtaba ),이기세 한국공업화학회 2016 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2016 No.0
Using combined culture of suspended activated sludge and immobilized C. vulgaris in one reactor, a simultaneous reduction of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and COD was achieved in municipal wastewater. Compared to the single system of activated sludge, considerably higher removal of nutrients was accomplished by combined culture, which is an indication of the symbiotic association between activated sludge and C. vulgaris. The symbiotic combined system exhibited 93% - 99% of nutrients removal after only 2.5 days of treatment. For reductions of organic pollutants, however, the performance of combined culture was not as good as for nutrients (showing around 50% removal of COD) due to the release of organic carbon content by C. vulgaris during treatment. By increasing inoculum ratio of activated sludge and C. vulgaris (from 1 to 10), combined culture obtained less removal of nutrients, and results have shown that the optimum inoculum ratio was 1:1.