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Cypsela morphology of <i>Cirsium</i> species (Asteraceae) and its taxonomic implications
Ghimire, Balkrishna,Suh, Gang Uk,Lee, Cheul Ho,Heo, Kweon,Jeong, Mi Jin Elsevier 2018 Flora Vol.249 No.-
<P><B>A b s t r a c t</B></P> <P>The cypsela morphology and anatomy of 15 species of <I>Cirsium</I> were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, with the aim of evaluating cypsela features for use in taxonomic studies. Considerable variation was observed in surface micromorphology and the anatomical characteristics of the pericarp and testa. Cypsela size and thickness of the pericarp and testa were categorized using biometric measurements. Multiple discriminant and cluster analyses were used to compare the morphology of cypselae among species. The distinguishing features were color, shape, size, pericarp and testa thickness, and microsculpture. Five basic surface types were identified: ribbed, scrobiculate-ribbed, scalariform, scrobiculate-reticulate, and irregular sulcate. Diagnostic anatomical traits comprised a few to multiple layers of pericarp overlain by a testa with a highly lignified epidermis and a crushed parenchymatous zone. The pericarp was usually distinct among the species investigated with the exception of <I>C. setidens</I> and <I>C. linare</I>, in which it has layers of crushed tissues. The endosperm was characterized by a single layer of cells overlying a massive embryo. ANOVA test showed significant differences among the investigated taxa (<I>P</I> < 0.0001) and an UPGMA tree revealed two well differentiated clusters with a dissimilarity level of 25.0. Although the investigated specimens represent a limited range of taxa, the results of this study highlight the importance of cypsela features in assessing the taxonomic similarities between <I>Cirsium</I> species.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The cypsela morphology and anatomy of 15 species of <I>Cirsium</I> were investigated. </LI> <LI> Considerable variances were observed in cypsela surface micromorphology and anatomical characteristics. </LI> <LI> Five basic types of surface patterns were identified. </LI> <LI> The ANOVA of quantitative cypsela features showed the significant differences among the investigated taxa. </LI> </UL> </P>
Effect of Gibberellin and Light on Germination of Seeds in Codonopsis lanceolata Benth
Ghimire, Bimal Kumar,Shin, Chul-Min,Li, Cheng-Hao,Chung, Ill-Min,Lee, Dong-Wook,Kim, Hee-Young,Kim, Na-Young,Lim, Jung-Dae,Kim, Jae-Kwang,Kim, Myong-Jo,Cho, Dong-Ha,Lee, Sun-Joo,Yu, Chang-Yeon The Korean Society of Medicinal Crop Science 2006 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.14 No.5
Seed of Codonopsis lanceolata exhibits low germination due to impermeable seed coat. Prolonged seed dormancy can be overcome by the application of gibberellins, as it promotes growth of the embryo and weakens the structures surrounding of embryo. The effects of photoperiod, sugar and gibberellin concentration were investigated at constant temperature for 12 days and 22 days in vitro and invivo conditions respectively. The rate of germination of seeds of Codonopsis lanceolata in wet filter paper in both complete dark and light treatments was significantly lower than that of seed treated with $GA_3$. It clearly indicates that there is significant coat imposed dormancy in the seed of Codonopsis lanceolata. The rate of germination in vivo condition was lower than that of the in vitro condition supplemented with $GA_3$ Thus, the physical dormancy due to impermeable seed coat and low level of endogenous gibberellins in the seed was the cause of poor germination rate in Codonopsis lanceolata.
Morphology and Optical Properties of Bare and Silica Coated Hybrid Silver Nanoparticles
Ghimire, Sushant,Lebek, Werner,Godehardt, Reinhold,Lee, Wan In,Adhikari, Rameshwar American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.5
<P>Owing to their wide applications in the field of optoelectronics, photonics, catalysis, and medicine; plasmonic metal nanoparticles are attaining considerable interest nowadays. The optical properties of these metal nanoparticles depend upon their size, shape, and surrounding medium. The present work studies the morphology and optical properties of bare silver nanoparticles and silica coated hybrid silver nanoparticles. Aqueous phase mediated synthesis and water-in-oil microemulsion mediated synthesis are two different wet chemical routes employed for nanosynthesis. Direct coating of silica is performed in water-in-oil microemulsion on pre-synthesized silver nanoparticles using tetraethyl orthosilicate as silica precursor. This study shows that using different wet chemical routes the size of the synthesized nanoparticles could be tuned. In addition, using reverse micelles as nanoreactors, the thickness of the silica shell around the core silver nanoparticles could be significantly controlled. Further, the optical properties of silver nanoparticles could be adjusted through the size and the surface coating.</P>
Infrared Sensitive Camera Based Finger-Friendly Interactive Display System
Ghimire, Deepak,Kim, Joon-Cheol,Lee, Kwang-Jae,Lee, Joon-Whoan The Korea Contents Association 2010 International Journal of Contents Vol.6 No.4
In this paper we present a system that enables the user to interact with large display system even without touching the screen. With two infrared sensitive cameras mounted on the bottom left and bottom right of the display system pointing upwards, the user fingertip position on the selected region of interest of each camera view is found using vertical intensity profile of the background subtracted image. The position of the finger in two images of left and right camera is mapped to the display screen coordinate by using pre-determined matrices, which are calculated by interpolating samples of user finger position on the images taken by pointing finger over some known coordinate position of the display system. The screen is then manipulated according to the calculated position and depth of the fingertip with respect to the display system. Experimental results demonstrate an efficient, robust and stable human computer interaction.
Data-Driven Intelligent Feeding System for Pet Care
Ghimire Ravi,Jae Weon Choi 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11
The rapid development of artificial intelligence, the internet of things, and digital information processing technology has a huge impact on our daily lives with smart devices and wearables. The well-being of companion animals such as dogs and cats has become a large challenge. An increasing number of pet owners, their emotional attachment with their pets, and the 21st-century’s lifestyle importantly need the safety and welfare of pets by harnessing a smart technological approach. This paper analyzes and compares different machine learning algorithms for data-driven intelligent feeding system for pet care application. Different parameters such as body weight growth, body temperature, heart rate, eating habits, activity, sleep, and urine pH have been considered with other correlated sub-variables in creating virtual datasets. The supervised machine learning models: linear regression, gaussian process regression, narrow neural network, linear support vector machine, and fine tree are evaluated and discussed for estimating feed quantity. The machine learning model was verified by training, validation, and testing datasets. The developed model will be an innovative breakthrough for pet care applications. Feed estimation can be automated using the pet’s health parameters, this will help the pet to prevent obesity and related disorders.
Ghimire, B.K.,Yoo, J.H.,Yu, C.Y.,Chung, I.M. Elsevier 2017 Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine Vol.10 No.7
<P>Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perillafruteseens (P. frittescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the essential oil from the leaves of P. frutescens cultivars from China and Japan was extracted by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition and concentration of the volatile components present in the oils were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results: Among the volatile components, the major proportion was of perilla ketone, which was followed by elemicin and beta-caryophyllene in the Chinese Perilla cultivars. The main component in the oil extracted from the Japanese accessions was myristicin, which was followed by perilla ketone and beta-caryophyllene. We could distinguish seven chemotypes, namely the perilla ketone (PK) type, perilla ketone, myristicin (PM) type, perilla ketone, unknown (PU) type, perilla ketone, beta-caryophyllene, myristicine (PB) type, perilla ketone, myristicin, unknown (PMU) type, perilla ketone, clemicine, myristicin, beta-caryophyllene (PEMB) type, and the perilla ketone, limonene, beta-cryophyllenc, myristicin (L) type. Most of the accessions possessed higher essential oil content before the flowering time than at the flowering stage. The average plant height, leaf length, leaf width of the Chinese accessions was higher than those of the Japanese accessions. Conclusion: The results revealed that the harvest time and geographical origin caused polymorphisms in the essential oil composition and morphological traits in the Perilla accessions originating from China and Japan. Therefore, these chemotypes with desirable characters might be useful for industrial exploitation and for determining the harvest time.</P>