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Women's Vows, Roles and Household Ritual in a South Asian Muslim Sect
Ghadially, Rehana Ewha Womans University Press 1998 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.4 No.2
This paper describes and analyzes a household group religious ritual among the Bohra women of the Ismai `li Shi`i sect of South Asian Muslims. Bohras are a Gujarati speaking, endogamous group involved principally in petty trading. The sect has a well-organized cleric class which oversees the spiritual and often temporal concerns of the sect members. Bohra women engage in a variety of religious gatherings and rituals that often involve the fulfillment or anticipated fulfillment of a vow. A commonly observe ritual, performed in the name of Fatema Zehra-the daughter of the Prophet-and known as Mithi Sitabi, focuses around motherhood and the vows of marriage. This paper highlights the role of this ritual in validating women's traditional roles and women' culture within Bohra society. From the women's point of view, these gatherings serve not only a religious but also an important social function within the community. From the perspective of the cleric class, these rituals establish boundaries for the structure and content of the practice of women's ritual gatherings. As such, they are an instrument by which the community traditions are preserved, community cohesiveness reinforced and a unique Muslim sub-identity maintained. Through an analysis of such religious ceremonies, this paper comments on and draws conclusions about some gender perceptions of religious practices. It discusses the Bohras' unique interpretation of the Sitabi as an example of both the diversity and homogeniety that exists in South Asian Muslim religious life.
Devotional Empowerment: Women Pilgrims, Saints and shrines in a south Asian Muslim Sect
Rehana GHADIALLY 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2005 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.11 No.4
The religious life of the Daudi Bohras, an Ismaili Shia sect of South Asian Muslims, comprises a rich pattern of devotional rituals. This paper focuses on domestic pilgrimage, which constitutes an expression of devotion at the shrines of their spiritual leaders and other holy men. It describes the Bohra sect, their sacred geography, the nature and ways of the women pilgrims, the character of the devotional ritual, the motives that bring the faithful to the shrines and the outcomes of such pilgrimages. The analytical section deals with the significance of shrines in women’s lives, the inter-linkages between the sacred and secular journeys and sources of empowerment within the traditional framework. Besides secondary data, participant observation and unstructured interviews were used in collecting data. The main conclusions relate to the centrality of the pilgrimage ritual in the lives of women. This form of devotion simultaneously opens avenues for independence and agency for women and affirms their traditional roles and identities. Women’s hegemony in the sect’s devotional practices is a strategy they use to stake a claim for concessions at the level of the family and the sect.