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Stefano Maria Priola,Mario Ganau,Giovanni Raffa,Antonino Scibilia,Faisal Farrash,Antonino Germanò 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.1
Objective: Angled scopes allow 360° visualization, which makes percutaneous endoscopic techniques (percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, PELD) particularly attractive for sequestrectomies, which entail the removal of extruded lumbar disc fragments that have migrated caudally or cranially between the ligaments, foramina, and neural structures, while preserving the disc. Although many different PELD techniques are currently available, not all of them are suitable for sequestrectomies; furthermore, long-term follow-up data are unfortunately lacking. Methods: A pilot study was conducted on a cohort of 270 patients with lumbar radiculopathy undergoing minimally invasive spine surgery (PELD or microdiscectomy), of whom only 7 were eligible for endoscopic interlaminar sequestrectomy with disc preservation. The patients’ baseline conditions and clinical outcomes were measured with the Oswestry Disability Index and a visual analogue scale. Long-term follow-up was conducted using satisfaction questionnaires that were based on the MacNab criteria and administered by medical/nursing personnel not involved in their primary surgical management. Results: EasyGo system was eventually used in 5 PELD cases. No dural tears, infections, or nerve root injuries were recorded in patients undergoing sequestrectomy. Surgical events, including blood loss and overall length of hospital stay, did not differ significantly among the 270 patients. In the group treated with endoscopic sequestrectomy, no recurrences or complications were noted during a follow-up of 3 years, and an excellent degree of satisfaction was reported. Conclusion: We provide OCEBM (Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine) level 3 evidence that interlaminar endoscopic sequestrectomy is a tailored and well-tolerated surgical option; nonetheless, a cost-effectiveness analysis assessing the interval until return to working activities and long-term benefits is warranted.
Design rules for creating sensing and self-actuating microcapsules
German V. Kolmakov,Anna C. Balazs,Victor V. Yashin 국제구조공학회 2011 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.7 No.3
Using computational modeling, we design a pair of biomimetic microcapsules that exploit chemical mechanisms to communicate and alter their local environment. As a result, these synthetic objects can undergo autonomous, directed motion. In the simulations, signaling microcapsules release “agonist” particles, while target microcapsules release “antagonist” particles and the permeabilities of both capsule types depend on the local particle concentration in the surrounding solution. Additionally, the released nanoscopic particles can bind to the underlying substrate and thereby create adhesion gradients that propel the microcapsules to move. Hydrodynamic interactions and the feedback mechanism provided by the dissolved particles are both necessary to achieve the cooperative behavior exhibited by these microcapsules. Our model provides a platform for integrating both the spatial and temporal behavior of assemblies of “artificial cells”,and allows us to design a rich variety of structures capable of exhibiting complex dynamics. Due to the celllike attributes of polymeric microcapsules and polymersomes, material systems are available for realizing our predictions.
Rapid Heating Concepts in Sintering
German, Randall M. The Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute 2013 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.20 No.2
Powder metallurgy applied rapid heating to sintering starting year 1900. Since 1970 the study has intensified. Now rapid sintering concepts embrace a spectrum of options ranging from dunk cycles to microwave, induction, exothermic, electric field, and spark approaches. Most of the efforts are targeting reduced microstructure coarsening during sintering, although reduced material decomposition is another common goal. The efforts are impressive for simple shapes and success metrics such a small grain size after densification. Several barriers need to be removed prior to application in powder metallurgy commercial sintering. Rapid heating research needs to focus on significant property gains, accurate product dimensions, and lower costs. So far each property gain obtained with rapid heating is matched by traditional sintering and composition changes. Several examples are cited to show the goals for the next round of innovations.
The Divide between New and Old Regionalisms : An Analytical Framework
German A. de la Reza(헤르만 A. 데 라 레사) 한국라틴아메리카학회 2010 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.23 No.2
This paper seeks to establish a comparative framework for defining the new regionalism vis-a-vis the old strategy of integration in Latin America. With that end, it applies six levels of analysis: the conceptual background; the criteria of association; the economic model in force; WTO compliance; the preeminence of free trade areas; and institutional relapsing. The objective is to build up more-comprehensive elements for an analytical agenda.
Adult pancreatoblastoma: A rare malignant tumor of the pancreas
German Esteban Sanchez Morales,Hillary Lizarraga Payan,Roberto Andre Moguel Valladare,Ismael Dominguez Rosado,Carlos Chan 한국간담췌외과학회 2021 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.25 No.3
Pancreatoblastoma (PB) is a rare malignant tumor in adults. It has an overall incidence of 0.004 per 100,000 inhabitants. Its diagnosis with fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is difficult due to multiple differentiation lines present on PB that overlap with other tumors. A 76-year-old male patient presented with jaundice, weight loss of 10 kg in 6 months, and appetite loss. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed a tumor in the pancreas head. Transendoscopic ultrasound with FNA biopsy revealed a malignant epithelial neoplasia compatible with PB with immunohistochemistry CK19 (+), P63(+), synaptophysin (–), and Ki67 50%. The patient underwent surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Currently, the patient is in follow-up with the latest imaging showing no evidence of disease at 32 months after his initial diagnosis. PB is an uncommon malignant neoplasia with an aggressive behavior. Its diagnostic and therapeutic protocols are unclear. Its preoperative diagnosis may be difficult since its imaging features and serological markers are non-specific. However, FNA may be useful in some situations. Surgical resection is currently the recommended treatment that is associated with the best long-term survival.
The Gravity Effect on Critical Volume Fraction of Solid in Liquid Phase Sintering
German,R.M,Heaney,D.F,Ahn,I.S 국립 경상대학교 공과대학 부설 첨단소재연구소 1993 尖端素材 Vol.3 No.-
액상소결에 미치는 중력의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 고상과 액상의 밀도차이가 0에서 9g/cc의 범위를 갖는 2원계 및 3원계 합금에서 실험을 행하였다. 고체분율이 0.3이 되도록하여 액상중에서 고체입자들이 자유낙하하도록 조성을 선택하였다. 체적분율을 고상과 액상의 밀도차에 따라 상이한 침전된 고체입자의 한계치를 갖는다. 이와 같은 체적분율의 상이한 한계치를 가져오는 기구 즉 hot pressing효과, 입자간 결합효과 및 입자충진효과에 대하여 조사하였다. 실험결과 입자충진효과가 최후로 침전되는 영역의 체적분율변화에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 인자인 것으로 생각되며, 완전히 침전된 영역의 고체입자들의 체적분율은 계산치보다 실측치가 더 낮은 값을 보여주었는데 이는 침전된 입자간의 안정한 골격체 형성이 더 이상의 입자충진을 방해하기 때문인 것으로 생각된다.