DNA Methylation Patterns of Ulcer-Healing Genes Associated with the Normal Gastric Mucosa of Gastric Cancers

Hong, Seung-Jin,Oh, Jung-Hwan,Jung, Yu-Chae,Kim, Young-Ho,Kim, Sung-Ja,Kang, Seok-Jin,Seo, Eun-Joo,Choi, Sang-Wook,Kang, Moo-Il,Rhyu, Mun-Gan The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2010 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.25 No.3

<P>Recent evidence suggests that gastric mucosal injury induces adaptive changes in DNA methylation. In this study, the methylation status of the key tissue-specific genes in normal gastric mucosa of healthy individuals and cancer patients was evaluated. The methylation-variable sites of 14 genes, including ulcer-healing genes (<I>TFF1</I>, <I>TFF2</I>, <I>CDH1</I>, and <I>PPARG</I>), were chosen from the CpG-island margins or non-island CpGs near the transcription start sites. The healthy individuals as well as the normal gastric mucosa of 23 ulcer, 21 non-invasive cancer, and 53 cancer patients were examined by semiquantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The ulcer-healing genes were concurrently methylated with other genes depending on the presence or absence of CpG-islands in the normal mucosa of healthy individuals. Both the <I>TFF2</I> and <I>PPARG</I> genes were frequently undermethylated in ulcer patients. The over- or intermediate-methylated <I>TFF2</I> and undermethylated <I>PPARG</I> genes was more common in stage-1 cancer patients (71%) than in healthy individuals (10%; odds ratio [OR], 21.9) and non-invasive cancer patients (21%; OR, 8.9). The <I>TFF2-PPARG</I> methylation pattern of cancer patients was stronger in the older-age group (≥55 yr; OR, 43.6). These results suggest that the combined methylation pattern of ulcer-healing genes serves as a sensitive marker for predicting cancer-prone gastric mucosa.</P>

Emulsifying Properties of Lecithin Containing Different Fatty Acids Obtained by Immobilized Lecitase Ultra-Catalyzed Reaction

Gan, Lu-Jing,Wang, Xiang-Yu,Yang, Dan,Zhang, Hua,Shin, Jung-Ah,Hong, Soon-Taek,Park, Sang Hyun,Lee, Ki-Teak Wiley (John WileySons) 2014 Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society Vol.91 No.4

Lecitase Ultra and 6 triacylglycerol lipases (lipases PS, M, AH, AY, R, and AK) were immobilized on Amberlite XAD 7HP and used to catalyze the acidolysis reaction between lecithin and capric acid (C10:0) for comparison. The highest molar incorporation value (51.0 mol%) was observed for the immobilized Lecitase Ultra. Further, immobilized Lecitase Ultra was selected for catalyzing acidolysis between lecithin and fatty acids with different chain lengths (C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0). After reaction, free fatty acids were removed by SPE and the resultant was called modified lecithin fraction 1 (MLF1). The highest molar incorporation value was obtained for C10:0 (51.0 mol%) at 45 A degrees C with a mole ratio of 10/1 (C10:0/lecithin) for 72 h. After removal of lysophosphatidylcholine by solid-phase extraction from MLF1, the resultant modified lecithin fraction 2 (MLF2) was used to prepare an oil-in-water emulsion. All emulsions prepared with MLF2 exhibited significantly higher emulsion stability (ES) values (16.2-17.7) and smaller particle sizes (d (32) 0.40-0.49 mu m, d (43) 0.75-1.01 mu m) than the emulsion prepared with unmodified lecithin (ES 14.1, d (32) 0.76 mu m, d (43), 1.26 mu m) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, less clarification and droplet aggregation were observed in emulsions prepared with MLF2 than in lecithin-based emulsions. Overall, the MLF2s showed better emulsifying properties than lecithin.

DNA Methylation and Expression Patterns of Key Tissue-specific Genes in Adult Stem Cells and Stomach Tissues

Hong, Seung-Jin,Kang, Moo-Il,Oh, Jung-Hwan,Jung, Yu-Chae,Kim, Young-Ho,Kim, Sung-Ja,Choi, Seung-Hye,Seo, Eun-Joo,Choi, Sang-Wook,Rhyu, Mun-Gan The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2009 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.24 No.5

<P>CpG-island margins and non-island-CpG sites round the transcription start sites of CpG-island-positive and -negative genes are methylated to various degrees in a tissue-specific manner. These methylation-variable CpG sites were analyzed to delineate a relationship between the methylation and transcription of the tissue-specific genes. The level of tissue-specific transcription was estimated by counting the number of the total transcripts in the SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression) database. The methylation status of 12 CpG-island margins and 21 non-island CpG sites near the key tissue-specific genes was examined in pluripotent stromal cells obtained from fat and bone marrow samples as well as in lineage-committed cells from marrow bulk, stomach, colon, breast, and thyroid samples. Of the 33 CpG sites examined, 10 non-island-CpG sites, but none of the CpG-island margins were undermethylated concurrent with tissue-specific expression of their nearby genes. The net methylation of the 33 CpG sites and the net amount of non-island-CpG gene transcripts were high in stomach tissues and low in stromal cells. The present findings suggest that the methylation of the non-island-CpG sites is inversely associated with the expression of the nearby genes, and the concert effect of transitional-CpG methylation is linearly associated with the stomach-specific genes lacking CpG-islands.</P>

Characterization of SiC/C Nanocomposite Powders Synthesized by Arc-Discharge

Zhou, Lei,Yu, Jie Yi,Gao, Jian,Wang, Dong Xing,Gan, Xiao Rong,Xue, Fang Hong,Huang, Hao,Dong, Xing Long Korean Society of Microscopy 2015 Applied microscopy Vol.45 No.4

In this paper, three carbon sources, i.e., solid graphite, gaseous CH4 and liquid ethanol, and one solid silicon source were employed to synthesize SiC/C nanocomposite powders by arc-discharge plasma. The processing conditions such as the component ratios of raw materials, atmospheric gases, etc. were adjusted for controllable synthesis of the nanopowders. It is indicated that both of solid graphite and silicon can be co-evaporated and reacted to form nanophases of cubic ${\beta}$-SiC with ~50 nm in mean size and a little free graphite; the carbon atoms decomposed from gaseous $CH_4$ favor to combine with the evaporated silicon atoms to form the dominant SiC nanophase; liquid carbon source of ethanol can also be used to harvest the main ${\beta}$-SiC and minor 6H-SiC phases in the assembly of nanoparticles. The as-prepared SiC/C nanocomposite powders were further purified by a heat-treatment in air and their photocatalytic performances were then greatly improved.

The length of CpG islands is associated with the distribution of <i>Alu</i> and L1 retroelements

Kang, Moo-Il,Rhyu, Mun-Gan,Kim, Young-Ho,Jung, Yu-Chae,Hong, Seung-Jin,Cho, Chul-Soo,Kim, Hye-Soo Elsevier 2006 Genomics Vol.87 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><I>Alu</I> and L1 retroelements have been suggested to initiate the spread of CpG methylation. In this study, the spread of CpG methylation was estimated based on the distance between the CpG islands and the nearest retroelements. All human genes (23,116) were examined and the correlations between the length of the CpG islands and the distance and density of the confronting retroelements were examined using nonoverlapping 5-kb windows. There was a linear relationship between the length of the CpG islands and the density of the <I>Alu</I> elements and an inverse relationship between the CpG islands and the L1 elements located more distantly, suggesting a suppressive effect of the <I>Alu's</I> on the spread of L1 methylation. Methylation analysis of the transitional CpG sites between the CpG islands and the nearest retroelements upstream of 16 genes was then carried out using DNA preparations from 11 different human tissues. Methylation-variable transitional CpGs were observed for the selected genes and the different tissues.</P>

Thiazinogeldanamycin, a New Geldanamycin Derivative Produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus 17997

( Si Yang Ni ),( Lin Zhuan Wu ),( Hong Yuan Wang ),( Mao Luo Gan ),( Yu Cheng Wang ),( Wei Qing He ),( Yi Guang Wang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.6

A new geldanamycin (GDM) derivative was discovered and isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces hygroscopicus 17997. Its chemical structure was elucidated as thiazinogeldanamycin by LC-MS, sulfur analysis, and NMR. The addition of cysteine to the fermentation medium significantly stimulated the production level of thiazinogeldanamycin, suggesting cysteine as a precursor of thiazinogeldanamycin production. Although showing a decreased cytotoxicity against HepG2 cancer cells, thiazinogeldanamycin exhibited an improved water solubility and photostability. Thiazinogeldanamycin may represent the first natural GDM derivative characterized so far that uses GDM as its precursor. Its appearance also clearly indicates that an appropriate end-point of fermentation is of critical importance for the maximal production of GDM by Streptomyces hygroscopicus 17997.

Disorders of Small and Large Intestine : Colorectal Cancer In Guangdong Province: A Demographic And Anatomic Survey

( An Gao Xu ),( Bo Jiang ),( Zhi Jin Yu ),( Xin Ying Wang ),( Xu Hui Zhong ),( Ji Hong Liu ),( Li Shou Xiong ),( Qiu Yun Luo ),( Ai Hua Gan ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-

Background/Aims: Colorectal cancer is the third leading incidence of malignant tumour in the world and the incidence of colorectal cancer has steadily been increasing in Asia in recently years. The aim of our study is to determine the basic demographic features of patients with colorectal cancer and the anatomic distribution and characteristics of the tumour in Guangdong population. Methods: A review of patients from 1990 to 2004 at five hospitals was conducted, including Peal Triangle Area in Guangdong (Nanfang Hospital and Huizhou Central People`s Hospital), North area of Guangdong (Shaoguan North-Guangdong People`s Hospital), West area of Guangdong (Affiliated Hospital Guangdong Medical Institute) and East area of Guangdong (Meizhou People`s Hospital). Results: Analysis was carried out on 6,501 patents, only 6,488 cases provided age. The age ranged from 5 years old to 91 years old and the mean age of 6,488 cases is 59. 5.2% (340/6,488) of the patients was young CRC patients. The peak incidence was between the ages 61 and 70 years old (29.5%). The mean age increases from 55 years old (1990-1992) to 61 years old (2002-2004) and the proportion of young CRC patients descends from 7.1% to 3.5%. The make to female ratio is 1.5:1 and the ratio increased with age increasing. Of 6,501 lesions, 3,423 (52.7%) were located in rectum and 3,078 (47.3%) in colon, the ratio of rectum cancer to colon cancer is 1.1:1. The proportion of rectum cancer decreased significantly from 74.5% (1990-1992) to 64.9% (2002-2004) and that of the right sides colon cancer increased from 25.5% to 35.1%. In four different areas, the mean age of CRC increasing and East area of Guangdong ranked the fist. There was no significant difference in the ratio of male to female. Conclusions: The demography of colorectal cancer in Guangdong is different from before and further study should be pursued to find the reason.

Which is the Best Chinese Herb Injection Based on the FOLFOX Regimen for Gastric Cancer? A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Wang, Jian-Cheng,Tian, Jin-Hui,Ge, Long,Gan, Yu-Hong,Yang, Ke-Hu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.12

Background: Few studies have directly compared clinical efficacy and safety among Chinese herb injections (CHIs) for gastric cancer (GC). The present study aimed to compare CHIs combined with FOLFOX regimens for GC to show which provides the best CHIs results. Materials and Methods: 9 electronic databases and 6 gray literature databases were comprehensive searched in April 20, 2013. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently selected and assessed the included trials. The risk of bias tool described in the Cochrane Handbook version 5.1.0 and CONSORT statement were used to assess the quality of the trials. All calculations and graphs were performed and produced using ADDIS 1.16.5 software. Results: A total of 541 records were searched and 38 RCTs met the inclusion criteria (2,761 participants), involving 10 CHIs. The results of network meta-analysis showed that compared with FOLFOX alone, combinations with Kanglaite, Astragalus polysaccharides, Cinobufacini, or Yadanziyouru injections could furthest strengthen ORR, improve the quality of life, reduce nausea and vomiting, and reduce the incidence of leukopenia (III-IV). Conclusions: Kanglaite injection, Astragalus polysaccharides injection, Yadanziyouru injection were superior to other CHIs in clinical efficacy and safety for GC. The conclusions now need to be confirmed by large sample size direct head-to-head studies.