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Enrico Galvagno,Guido Guercioni,Giorgio Rizzoni,Mauro Velardocchia,Alessandro Vigliani 한국자동차공학회 2020 International journal of automotive technology Vol.21 No.4
A Dynamic Programming (DP) formulation is developed to find the global optimal solution to the energy management of a parallel Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) equipped with a Dual-Clutch Transmission (DCT). The effects of integrating in the DP formulation the losses accounting for gearshifts and engine starts are studied in terms of the overall fuel consumption; the optimal control solutions obtained depends on the occurrence of these transient events. These sources of dissipation are modeled through physical considerations thus enabling the DP algorithm to decide when it is more convenient, in terms of minimizing the total energy consumption, to perform either a gearshift or an engine start. This capability differentiates the DP formulation here presented from those presented in previous studies.
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Evan Leibner,Mark Andreae,Samuel M. Galvagno Jr,Thomas Scalea 대한응급의학회 2020 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.7 No.1
The United States Navy originally utilized the concept of damage control to describe the process of prioritizing the critical repairs needed to return a ship safely to shore during a maritime emergency. To pursue a completed repair would detract from the goal of saving the ship. This concept of damage control management in crisis is well suited to the care of the critically ill trauma patient, and has evolved into the standard of care. Damage control resuscitation is not one technique, but, rather, a group of strategies which address the lethal triad of coagulopathy, acidosis, and hypothermia. In this article, we describe this approach to trauma resuscitation and the supporting evidence base.
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Filippa, Gianluca,Cremonese, Edoardo,Migliavacca, Mirco,Galvagno, Marta,Sonnentag, Oliver,Humphreys, Elyn,Hufkens, Koen,Ryu, Youngryel,Verfaillie, Joseph,Morra di Cella, Umberto,Richardson, Andrew D. Elsevier 2018 Agricultural and forest meteorology Vol.249 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Time series of vegetation indices (e.g. normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]) and color indices (e.g. green chromatic coordinate [<I>G</I> <SUB> <I>CC</I> </SUB>]) based on radiometric measurements are now available at different spatial and temporal scales ranging from weekly satellite observations to sub-hourly <I>in situ</I> measurements by means of near-surface remote sensing (e.g. spectral sensors or digital cameras). <I>In situ</I> measurements are essential for providing validation data for satellite-derived vegetation indices. In this study we used a recently developed method to calculate NDVI from near-infrared (NIR) enabled digital cameras (NDVI<SUB> <I>C</I> </SUB>) at 17 sites (for a total of 74 year-sites) encompassing six plant functional types (PFT) from the PhenoCam network.</P> <P>The seasonality of NDVI<SUB> <I>C</I> </SUB> was comparable to both NDVI measured by ground spectral sensors and by the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS). We calculated site- and PFT-specific scaling factors to correct NDVI<SUB> <I>C</I> </SUB> values and recommend the use of site-specific NDVI from MODIS in order to scale NDVI<SUB> <I>C</I> </SUB>. We also compared <I>G</I> <SUB> <I>CC</I> </SUB> extracted from red-green-blue images to NDVI<SUB> <I>C</I> </SUB> and found PFT-dependent systematic differences in their seasonalities. During senescence, NDVI<SUB> <I>C</I> </SUB> lags behind <I>G</I> <SUB> <I>CC</I> </SUB> in deciduous broad-leaf forests and grasslands, suggesting that <I>G</I> <SUB> <I>CC</I> </SUB> is more sensitive to changes in leaf color and NDVI<SUB> <I>C</I> </SUB> is more sensitive to changes in leaf area. In evergreen forests, NDVI<SUB> <I>C</I> </SUB> peaks later than <I>G</I> <SUB> <I>CC</I> </SUB> in spring, probably tracking the processes of shoot elongation and new needle formation. Both <I>G</I> <SUB> <I>CC</I> </SUB> and NDVI<SUB> <I>C</I> </SUB> can be used as validation tools for the MODIS Land Cover Dynamics Product (MCD12Q2) for deciduous broad-leaf spring phenology, whereas NDVI<SUB> <I>C</I> </SUB> is more comparable than <I>G</I> <SUB> <I>CC</I> </SUB> with autumn phenology derived from MODIS. For evergreen forests, we found a poor relationship between MCD12Q2 and camera-derived phenology, highlighting the need for more work to better characterize the seasonality of both canopy structure and leaf biochemistry in those ecosystems.</P> <P>Our results demonstrate that NDVI<SUB> <I>C</I> </SUB> is in excellent agreement with NDVI obtained from spectral measurements, and that NDVI<SUB> <I>C</I> </SUB> and <I>G</I> <SUB> <I>CC</I> </SUB> can complement each other in describing ecosystem phenology. Additionally, NDVI<SUB> <I>C</I> </SUB> allows the detection of structural changes in the canopy that cannot be detected by visible-wavelength imagery.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We analyze 74 site-years of green chromatic coordinate (GCC) and camera NDVI data. </LI> <LI> Camera NDVI is comparable to traditional NDVI measurements. </LI> <LI> Camera NDVI and GCC can complement each other in describing ecosystem phenology. </LI> <LI> Both can be used as validation tools for satellite phenology products. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Antonio Tota,Basilio Lenzo,Qian Lu,Aldo Sorniotti,Patrick Gruber,Saber Fallah,Mauro Velardocchia,Enrico Galvagno,Jasper De Smet 한국자동차공학회 2018 International journal of automotive technology Vol.19 No.5
With the advent of electric vehicles with multiple motors, the steady-state and transient cornering responses can be designed and implemented through the continuous torque control of the individual wheels, i.e., torque-vectoring or direct yaw moment control. The literature includes several papers on sliding mode control theory for torque-vectoring, but the experimental investigation is so far limited. More importantly, to the knowledge of the authors, the experimental comparison of direct yaw moment control based on sliding modes and typical controllers used for stability control in production vehicles is missing. This paper aims to reduce this gap by presenting and analyzing an integral sliding mode controller for concurrent yaw rate and sideslip control. A new driving mode, the Enhanced Sport mode, is proposed, inducing sustained high values of sideslip angle, which can be limited to a specified threshold. The system is experimentally assessed on a four-wheel-drive electric vehicle. The performance of the integral sliding mode controller is compared with that of a linear quadratic regulator during step steer tests. The results show that the integral sliding mode controller significantly enhances the tracking performance and yaw damping compared to the more conventional linear quadratic regulator based on an augmented singletrack vehicle model formulation.
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