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Gal, Y.S.,Jin, S.H.,Park, J.W.,Lim, K.T.,Koh, K.,Han, S.C.,Lee, J.W. Elsevier 2007 Current Applied Physics Vol.7 No.5
An azide group-containing conjugated ionic polymer was synthesized by the direct polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine and 6-azidohexyl iodide at 60<SUP>o</SUP>C in methanol without any additional initiator or catalyst. This reaction proceeded well in homogeneous manner to give a moderate yield of the polymer (yield: 71%). The initial light-brown solution of 2-ethynylpyridine and 6-azidohexyl iodide became a viscous dark-red solution as the polymerization proceeded. The FT-IR spectrum of the polymer did not show the acetylenic C?C bond stretching (2110cm<SUP>-1</SUP>) and acetylenic ?C-H bond stretching (3293cm<SUP>-1</SUP>) frequencies of 2-ethynylpyridine. This polymer was completely soluble in water, methanol, DMF, and DMSO, and the polymer was found to be mostly amorphous. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of poly[N-(6-azidohexyl)-2-ethynylpyridinium iodide] showed that the photoluminescence peak is located at 596nm, corresponding to a photon energy of 2.08eV.
Purification of Chitinases from Rice Root
Gal, S.W.,Bae, C.G.,Hong, J.C.,Lee, S.Y.,Kim, C.Y.,Koo, J.C.,Bahk, J.D.,Cho, M.J. Gyeongsang National University 1991 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.1991 No.
Chitinases are known to play an important role in plant defense against bacterial and fungal attacks. Five chitinase isozymes were identified in the root tissue of rice based on the active staining on SDS-PAGE gel after removing SDS. Their apparent molecular weights on the SDS-PAGE were 38, 36, 32, 31 and 28 KD. Two acidic chitinases of 38 KD and 31 KD, which have pI of 3.5 and 7, respectively, were purified using the chitin affinity and anion exchange column chromatography. The N-terminal 21-amino acid residues of the 38 KD chitinase were sequenced. Considerable sequence similarity was found among rice, tobacco, potato, bean, soybean, wheat-germ agglutinin and hevein. Moreover, 38 KD chitinase, which contains the hevein domain, showed heterogeneous position on the SDS-PAGE depending on the concentration of substrate as shown in purified soybean chitinase.
Gal, Y.S.,Jin, S.H.,Hyun, A.R.,Park, Y.I.,Park, J.W.,Lim, K.T.,Lee, W.C. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2008 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.14 No.4
The conjugated cyclopolymer, poly(9,9-dipropargylfluorene), was prepared by the ring-forming polymerization of 9,9-dipropargylfluorene by (bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene)dichloropalladium(II) in high yield. The chemical structure of poly(9,9-dipropargylfluorene) was characterized by such instrumental methods as NMR (<SUP>1</SUP>H, <SUP>13</SUP>C), IR, UV-vis spectroscopies, and elemental analysis to have the conjugated polymer backbone bearing fluorene moieties. Poly(9,9-dipropargylfluorene) showed characteristic UV-vis absorption band at 307 and 324nm and violet-blue PL spectrum at 411nm, corresponding to a photon energy of 3.01eV. The cyclic voltamograms of the polymer exhibited reversible electrochemical behaviors between the doped and undoped peaks. It was found that the kinetics of the redox process of polymer is controlled by the diffusion process mixed with the electron transfer process from the experiment of the oxidation current density of polymer vs. the scan rate.
MOA-2011-BLG-293Lb: A TEST OF PURE SURVEY MICROLENSING PLANET DETECTIONS
Yee, J. C.,Shvartzvald, Y.,Gal-Yam, A.,Bond, I. A.,Udalski, A.,Kozłowski, S.,Han, C.,Gould, A.,Skowron, J.,Suzuki, D.,Abe, F.,Bennett, D. P.,Botzler, C. S.,Chote, P.,Freeman, M.,Fukui, A.,Furusawa, K. IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.755 No.2
<P>Because of the development of large-format, wide-field cameras, microlensing surveys are now able to monitor millions of stars with sufficient cadence to detect planets. These new discoveries will span the full range of significance levels including planetary signals too small to be distinguished from the noise. At present, we do not understand where the threshold is for detecting planets. MOA-2011-BLG-293Lb is the first planet to be published from the new surveys, and it also has substantial follow-up observations. This planet is robustly detected in survey+follow-up data (Delta chi(2) similar to 5400). The planet/host mass ratio is q = (5.3 similar to 0.2) x 10(-3). The best-fit projected separation is s = 0.548 +/- 0.005 Einstein radii. However, due to the s <-> s(-1) degeneracy, projected separations of s-1 are only marginally disfavored at Delta chi(2) = 3. A Bayesian estimate of the host mass gives M-L = 0.43(-0.17)(+0.27) M-circle dot, with a sharp upper limit of M-L < 1.2 M-circle dot from upper limits on the lens flux. Hence, the planet mass is m(p) = 2.4(-0.9)(+1.5) M-Jup, and the physical projected separation is either r(perpendicular to) similar or equal to 1.0 AU or r(perpendicular to) similar or equal to 3.4 AU. We show that survey data alone predict this solution and are able to characterize the planet, but the Delta chi(2) is much smaller (Delta chi(2) similar to 500) than with the follow-up data. The Delta chi(2) for the survey data alone is smaller than for any other securely detected planet. This event suggests a means to probe the detection threshold, by analyzing a large sample of events like MOA-2011-BLG-293, which have both follow-up data and high-cadence survey data, to provide a guide for the interpretation of pure survey microlensing data.</P>
Nam, Sungho,Seo, Jooyeok,Song, Myeonghun,Kim, Hwajeong,Ree, Moonhor,Gal, Yeong-Soon,Bradley, Donal D.C.,Kim, Youngkyoo ELSEVIER 2017 ORGANIC ELECTRONICS Vol.48 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Here we report that poly(N-dodecyl-2-ethynylpyridiniumbromide) (PDEPB) interlayers between electron-collecting zinc oxide (ZnO) layers and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layers act as a universal interfacial layer for improving the performances of inverted-type polymer:fullerene solar cells. Three different BHJ layers, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl-C<SUB>61</SUB>-butyric acid methyl ester (PC<SUB>61</SUB>BM), poly[(4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene)-2,6-diyl-alt-(N-2-ethylhexylthieno[3,4-<I>c</I>]pyrrole-4,6-dione)-2,6-diyl]] (PBDTTPD):PC<SUB>61</SUB>BM, and poly[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-<I>b</I>]-thiophenediyl] (PTB7) and [6,6]-phenyl-C<SUB>71</SUB>-butyric acid methyl ester (PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM), were employed so as to prove the role of the PDEPB interlayers. Results showed that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer:fullerene solar cells with the three different BHJ layers increased in the presence of the PDEPB interlayers prepared from 0.5 mg/ml solutions. The improved PCE was attributed to the conformal coating of the PDEPB layers on the ZnO layers (by atomic force microscopy measurement), lowered work functions of ZnO induced by the PDEPB layers (by Kelvin probe measurement), and reduced interface resistance (by impedance spectroscopy measurement), as supported by the noticeable change in the atom environments of both the ZnO and PDEPB layers (by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Polyacetylene-based polyelectrolyte interlayers improve device performances. </LI> <LI> The polyacetylene interlayers work for various active layer materials. </LI> <LI> The ZnO surface defects can be effectively reduced by the polyacetylene interlayers. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Gal,S. W.,Hoare,S.,Peter,C.,Dunn,M. Hunzicker,Soloff,M. S. 한국생명과학회 2001 한국생명과학회 학술발표회 Vol.31 No.-
Bacground: Preprorelaxin (preproRLX) mRNA levels in the rat ovary increase markedly around midpregrancy in rats. This elevation is likely the result of placental lactogen (rPL) action, as the onset of preproRLX mRNA expression coincides with rPL secretion and is dependent on the placenta. Either rat placental lactogen or its pituitary equivalent, prolactin(PRL), stimulates production of preproRLX mRNA by luteinized rat ovarian granulosa cells in primary culture (Perers et al, Mol. Endocrinol., in press). Objective: To understand the signal pathway and Transcription factors involved in PRL-stimulated preproRLX synthesis, we have cloned and begun characterizing the rat RLX gene. Results: The gene has a single transcription start site, as determined by primer extension analysis, and a canonical TATA box, located 21 to 27 bases uostream from the start site. In preliminary studies using promoter/reporter constructs transiently transfected into rat luteinized granulosa cells in primary culture, we found that there are three regions of interest in the 5´-flanking sequence of the gene ; 1) the proximal promoter accounting for high levels of basal expression ; 2) a more distal region accounting for reduced expression ; and 3) an even more distal region involved in PRL stimulation (or derepression). Cotransfection with a stat5b expression plasmid enhanced relaxin promoter-deriven expression ; the effects of stat5b were increased by PRL treatment. None of the other stat types (1,3,5a) were effective in enhancing promoter activity. Finer mapping of the cis-acting sequences should allow us to identify the stat5b binding sites and to determine the identities of other trans-acting factors involved in regulation of RLX gene expression. Conclusions: From these studies, we hope to develop a model explaining the interactions between signal pathways and transcription factors that lead to activation of RLX gene expression.