2주간 간헐적인 저압,저산소 트레이닝이 남녀 지구성선수의 체성분, 유산소성 운동능력 및 혈중 산소포화도에 미치는 영향

남상석 ( S. S. Nam ),이만균 ( M. G. Lee ),선우섭 ( Oo S. Sun ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2011 운동과학 Vol.20 No.3

남상석, 이만균, 선우섭. 2주간 간헐적인 저압·저산소 트레이닝이 남녀 지구성선수의 체성분, 유산소성 운동능력 및 혈중 산소포화도에 미치는 영향. 운동과학, 제20권 제3호. 283-296. 2011. 본 연구에서는 2주간 간헐적(주당 3회)인 저압·저산소 트레이닝이 지구성 운동선수의 체성분, 유산소성 운동능력 및 혈중 산소포화도에 미치는 효과가 성별에 따라 다르게 나타나는지 여부를 규명하고자 하였다. 남자축구선수(n=8명)와 여자 필드하키선수(n=9명)를 대상으로 2,000 m 상당의 저압·저산소 환경에서 2주간, 격일로 총 6회의 트레이닝(자전거타기 30분과 트레드밀 달리기 30분, 총 60분)을 실시하였다. 트레이닝 전후에 해수면 수준과 5,000 m 상당고도에서 각각 사전·사후검사를 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 체성분의 변화에는 체중을 제외하고 성차가 나타나지 않았다. 2. 해수면 수준에서의 유산소성 운동능력의 변화에는 유의한 성차가 나타나지 않았다. 5,000 m 상당고도에서는 남자선수의 경우 추정된 VO2max를 제외한 모든 변인에서 트레이닝 후 유의하게 증가된 반면, 여자선수의 경우 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 즉, 5,000 m 상당고도에서의 유산소성 운동능력 변화에는 유의한 성차가 나타났으며, 이는 남녀 간의 근육량의 차이에 일부 기인하는 것으로 확인되었다. 3. 혈중 산소포화도의 변화에는 성차가 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 지구성 종목의 남녀 선수를 대상으로 2주간 간헐적인 저압·저산소 트레이닝을 실시한 경우 5,000 m 상당의 높은 고지대 환경에서의 유산소성 운동능력 개선이 여자에 비해 남자에게서 더 크게 나타난 것으로 결론지을 수 있다. This study was designed to investigate the effects of gender on changes of body composition, aerobic exercise capacity, and %SpO2, shown by two weeks of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia training on in endurance athletes. Male soccer players (n=8) and female hockey players (n=9) underwent the exercise training (cycling 30 min & running 30 min, total 60 min) in 2,000 m-simulated hypobaric hypoxia environment every other day (six times) for 2 weeks. Pre-test and post-test were performed in sea level and 5,000 m-simulated hypobaric hypoxia before and after the training, and the data were compared by gender and test. Main results of the study were as follows: 1. No significant gender difference was shown in changes of body composition, except body weight. 2. No significant gender difference was shown in changes of aerobic exercise capacity in sea level. There were significant improvements of aerobic capacity in 5,000 m condition in male athletes, whereas there were no significant changes of the variables in female athletes, indicating that significant gender difference was found in the changes of aerobic capacity in 5,000 m condition. 3. No significant gender difference was shown in changes of %SpO2. It was concluded that the improvement of aerobic exercise capacity in 5,000 m condition shown by short-term intermittent hypobaric hypoxia training was greater in male athletes than in female athletes.

Effects of Intra-duodenal Infusion of Limiting Amino Acids on Plasma Insulin-like Growth Factor I, Growth Hormone, Insulin and Liver Insulin-like Growth Factor I mRNA in Growing Goat Fed a Maize Stover-based Diet

Sun, Z.H.,Tan, Z.L.,Yao, J.H.,Tang, Z.R.,Shan, J.G.,Hu, J.P.,Tang, S.X.,Jiang, Y.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.5

The effects of intra-duodenal infusion of methionine (Met), lysine (Lys) and leucine (Leu) on dry matter intake (DMI), the concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH) and insulin in plasma, and liver IGF-I mRNA level were investigated in two experiments for Liuyang Black growing wether goats. In Experiment 1, three goats ($10.0{\pm}0.1$ kg) were fitted with ruminal, proximal duodenal and terminal ileal fistulaes to determine the infusion amounts of Met, Lys and Leu at the duodenum according to essential amino acid flows into the duodenum and their apparent digestibility. The infusion amounts were 0.77 g/d, 0.91 g/d and 0.58 g/d respectively. In Experiment 2, 4 groups of goats (($10.0{\pm}0.2$ kg) for each group, were cannulated at the duodenum, and were infused with a mixture of Met, Lys and Leu (Control), or mixtures with 21% Met, Lys or Leu replaced with glutamate respectively on a nitrogenous basis. The replacement of 21% Met, Lys or Leu with glutamate did not affect intakes of maize stover, concentrate or both (p>0.05) when compared with the control. The replacement of 21% Met or Lys significantly (p<0.05) reduced plasma GH, insulin and IGF-I concentrations and liver IGF-I mRNA level. The replacement of 21% Leu with glutamate reduced (p<0.05) plasma IGF-I concentration only, but not plasma insulin and GH, as well as liver IGF-I mRNA level (p>0.05). The close relationships between supplying Met and Lys in the lumen of the duodenum and plasma IGF-I, GH and insulin concentrations, as well as liver IGF-I mRNA level in this study indicate that the effects of the limiting amino acids on nutrition of animals are likely intermediated via their effects on these hormones, and these hormone profiles could be used as intermediate markers for the limiting order of amino acids.

Effects of Enzyme Supplementation on Growth, Intestinal Content Viscosity, and Digestive Enzyme Activities in Growing Pigs Fed Rough Rice-based Diet

Wang, M.Q.,Xu, Z.R.,Sun, J.Y.,Kim, B.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of exogenous non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) enzymes on performance, intestinal content viscosity and digestive enzyme activities of growing pigs fed a rough rice-based diet. A total of 60 crossbred barrows with an initial body weight of 35.16 kg (SD = 0.82) were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to two treatments with three replications. Each group was fed the diet based on rice with or without exogenous NSP enzymes (2 g/kg of diet). During the 70 days of the feeding trial, all pigs were given free access to feed and water. At the end of the feeding trial, six pigs from each treatment were randomly selected and slaughtered to collect intestinal digesta, intestinal mucosa, and pancreas. The addition of NSP enzymes improved average daily gain (p<0.05) and feed:gain (p<0.05), and decreased viscosity of digesta in the jejunum (p<0.001) and ileum (p<0.01) of pigs. The supplementation of NSP enzymes increased activities of protease (p<0.01), trypsin (p<0.01) and ${\alpha}$-amylase (p<0.05) in duodenal contents. However, digestive enzymes in the pancreas, jejunal and ileal mucosa were unaffected by the supplemental NSP enzymes (p>0.10). The results indicate that the addition of NSP enzymes to rough rice-based diets improved performance of pigs, reduced viscosity and increased digestive activity in the small intestine.

Pushing the limit of layered transition metal oxide cathodes for high-energy density rechargeable Li ion batteries

Kim, U.-H.,Jun, D.-W.,Park, K.-J.,Zhang, Q.,Kaghazchi, P.,Aurbach, D.,Major, D. T.,Goobes, G.,Dixit, M.,Leifer, N.,Wang, C. M.,Yan, P.,Ahn, D.,Kim, K.-H.,Yoon, C. S.,Sun, Y.-K. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Energy & environmental science Vol.11 No.5

<P>Development of advanced high energy density lithium ion batteries is important for promoting electromobility. Making electric vehicles attractive and competitive compared to conventional automobiles depends on the availability of reliable, safe, high power, and highly energetic batteries whose components are abundant and cost effective. Nickel rich Li[NixCoyMn1−x−y]O2 layered cathode materials (<I>x</I> > 0.5) are of interest because they can provide very high specific capacity without pushing charging potentials to levels that oxidize the electrolyte solutions. However, these cathode materials suffer from stability problems. We discovered that doping these materials with tungsten (1 mol%) remarkably increases their stability due to a partial layered to cubic (rock salt) phase transition. We demonstrate herein highly stable Li ion battery prototypes consisting of tungsten-stabilized Ni rich cathode materials (<I>x</I> > 0.9) with specific capacities >220 mA h g<SUP>-1</SUP>. This development can increase the energy density of Li ion batteries more than 30% above the state of the art without compromising durability.</P>

Infrared spectroscopy and nano-imaging of the insulator-to-metal transition in vanadium dioxide

Qazilbash, M. M.,Brehm, M.,Andreev, G. O.,Frenzel, A.,Ho, P.-C.,Chae, Byung-Gyu,Kim, Bong-Jun,Yun, Sun Jin,Kim, Hyun-Tak,Balatsky, A. V.,Shpyrko, O. G.,Maple, M. B.,Keilmann, F.,Basov, D. N. American Physical Society 2009 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.79 No.7

5G 이동통신 시스템을 위한 모듈 기반 시스템 레벨 시뮬레이터 개발

한민식(M.S. Han),이재원(J.W. Lee),김선(Sun Kim),최용인(Y.I. Choi),조상진(S.J. Cho),임민중(M.J. Rim),강충구(C.G. Kang) 한국통신학회 2017 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.6

Predicting Barrett's Esophagus in Families: An Esophagus Translational Research Network (BETRNet) Model Fitting Clinical Data to a Familial Paradigm

Sun, Xiangqing,Elston, Robert C.,Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill S.,Falk, Gary W.,Grady, William M.,Faulx, Ashley,Mittal, Sumeet K.,Canto, Marcia,Shaheen, Nicholas J.,Wang, Jean S.,Iyer, Prasad G.,Abrams, Julia American Association for Cancer Research 2016 Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol.25 No.5

<P><B>Background:</B> Barrett's esophagus is often asymptomatic and only a small portion of Barrett's esophagus patients are currently diagnosed and under surveillance. Therefore, it is important to develop risk prediction models to identify high-risk individuals with Barrett's esophagus. Familial aggregation of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma, and the increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma for individuals with a family history, raise the necessity of including genetic factors in the prediction model. Methods to determine risk prediction models using both risk covariates and ascertained family data are not well developed.</P><P><B>Methods:</B> We developed a Barrett's Esophagus Translational Research Network (BETRNet) risk prediction model from 787 singly ascertained Barrett's esophagus pedigrees and 92 multiplex Barrett's esophagus pedigrees, fitting a multivariate logistic model that incorporates family history and clinical risk factors. The eight risk factors, age, sex, education level, parental status, smoking, heartburn frequency, regurgitation frequency, and use of acid suppressant, were included in the model. The prediction accuracy was evaluated on the training dataset and an independent validation dataset of 643 multiplex Barrett's esophagus pedigrees.</P><P><B>Results:</B> Our results indicate family information helps to predict Barrett's esophagus risk, and predicting in families improves both prediction calibration and discrimination accuracy.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B> Our model can predict Barrett's esophagus risk for anyone with family members known to have, or not have, had Barrett's esophagus. It can predict risk for unrelated individuals without knowing any relatives' information.</P><P><B>Impact:</B> Our prediction model will shed light on effectively identifying high-risk individuals for Barrett's esophagus screening and surveillance, consequently allowing intervention at an early stage, and reducing mortality from esophageal adenocarcinoma. <I>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(5); 727–35. ©2016 AACR</I>.</P>

Status and Prospect of Test Methods of Quality Silicone Water Repellent for Protecting Reinforced Concrete

Sun, H.Y.,Yuan, Z.Y.,Yang, Z.,Shan, G.L.,Shen, M.X. The Corrosion Science Society of Korea 2017 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.16 No.2

Impregnating with quality silicone water repellent on the concrete surface is an effective method of protecting concrete. Quality silicone water repellent has been widely used in the engineering profession because of its desirable properties such as hydrophobicity, keeping concrete breathable and preserving the original appearance of the concrete. The companies in China that produce silicone water repellent are listed. Test methods in the specifications or standards about silicone water repellent in China are summed. The test methods relative to durability of concrete impregnated with silicone water repellent (such as resistant to chloride ion penetration, resistant to alkali, resistance to freezing and thawing and weatherability etc.) and the constructive quality (such as water absorption rate, impregnating depth and the dry velocity coefficient etc.) are compared and analyzed. The results indicate that there are differences among test methods relative to different specifications with the same index and therefore, confusion has ensued when selecting test methods. All test methods with the exception of the method of water absorption rate by using a Karsten flask are not non-destructive methods or conducted in a laboratory. Finally, further research on silicone water repellent during application is proposed.

Preliminary Results of the Beam Control and Detection of the KIRAMS Electron Microbeam System

G.M. SUN,,E.H. KIM,K.B. SONG,J.W. JEONG,H.D. CHOI 한국원자력학회 2005 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.37 No.2

The Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS) electron microbeam system has been built with its prototype components. The system is composed of an electron gun, a beam transport chamber, and a cell image acquisition and positioning stage. Each component has been upgraded through repetitive performance tests for various parametric arrangements. This paper presents the preliminary results of the performance test on the beam control and detection parts of the system.

Dietary Foeniculum vulgare Mill extract attenuated UVB irradiation-induced skin photoaging by activating of Nrf2 and inhibiting MAPK pathways

Sun, Z.,Park, S.Y.,Hwang, E.,Park, B.,Seo, S.A.,Cho, J.G.,Zhang, M.,Yi, T.H. G. Fischer 2016 Phytomedicine Vol.23 No.12

<P>Background: Foeniculum vulgare Mill (FV) has long been prescribed in traditional medicine due to its antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties. However, little research has been done on the use of FV to alleviate changes in UVB-induced photoaging Purpose: This study was to investigate the photoprotective effects and mechanism of FV in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The anti-photoaging effect of FV was assessed in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) in vitro. The secretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), GSH, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), procollagen type I, IL-6 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) were measured by kits. Additionally, the level of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), p-ERK and p38 were evaluated by western blotting. In vivo, H&E and Masson's trichrome staining were employed. The expression of MMP-1, procollagen type I, TGF-beta 1 and elastin were measured by western blot. Results: FV significantly increased the production of collagen, elastin and TGF-beta 1 levels, while blocked matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production in UVB irradiation induced hairless mice, which were consistent with the result in NHDFs. Furthermore, FV dose-dependently decreased the production of ROS and LDH by promoting the nuclear amount of Nrf2 and enhancing the expression of cytoprotective antioxidants such as GSH. FV also significantly quenched UVB-induced phosphorylation of ERK and p38 in NHDFs. Conclusion: Our results indicate that FV is a potential botanical agent for the treatment of skin damage induced by UV irradiation. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.</P>