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Injective colorings of sparse graphs
Cranston, D.W.,Kim, S.J.,Yu, G. North-Holland Pub. Co ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2010 Discrete mathematics Vol.310 No.21
Let mad(G) denote the maximum average degree (over all subgraphs) of G and let χ<SUB>i</SUB>(G) denote the injective chromatic number of G. We prove that if mad(G)@?52, then χ<SUB>i</SUB>(G)@?Δ(G)+1; and if mad(G)<4219, then χ<SUB>i</SUB>(G)=Δ(G). Suppose that G is a planar graph with girth g(G) and Δ(G)>=4. We prove that if g(G)>=9, then χ<SUB>i</SUB>(G)@?Δ(G)+1; similarly, if g(G)>=13, then χ<SUB>i</SUB>(G)=Δ(G).
유성란,정행진,정기철,이준헌,조규완,최재관,나기준,상병찬 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.6
Cellular FOS(c-fos) protein is a transcription factor that forms heterodimers mostly with c-jun family and stimulates the transcription of genes containing AP-1 regulatory elements. This c-fos expression can control growth and differentiation of various precursor cells including myoblasts. The controls by c-fos gene have been identified for affecting skeletal muscle fiber traits which are the key determinants of meat quality in pigs. As a first step for identifying the relationship between c-fos gene and meat quality traits in cattle, we fully sequenced 1,443 bp of Hanwoo c-fos mRNA and analyzed expression patterns from various organs and muscle tissues. The sequence identities of Hanwoo c-fos with that of human, pig and mouse showed 89.8%, 93.3% and rib muscle from 7 organs and 9 different parts of muscles investigated. These results presented here can be used as a valuable marker for meat quality related traits in cattle with further verification.
Yu, P.,Holmes, J.H.G.,Leury, B.J.,Egan, A.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.1
Whole faba beans (WFB) were dry roasted at different temperatures (110, 130, $150^{\circ}C$) for 15, 30, 45 minutes to determine the optimal heating conditions of time and temperature to increase nutritional value. Ruminant degradation characteristics of crude protein (CP) of WFB were determined by the nylon bag incubation technique in dairy cows fed 60% hay and 40% concentrate. Measured characteristics of crude protein (CP) were soluble (washable) fraction (S), undegradable fraction (U), lag time (T0), potentially degradable fraction (D) and the rate of degradation (Kd) of insoluble but degradable fraction. Based on measured characteristics, percentage bypass crude protein (%BCP) and bypass crude protein (BCP in g/kg) were calculated. Degradability of CP was reduced by dry roasting (p < 0.01). S was reduced rapidly with increasing time and temperature, from 49.0% in the raw WFB (RWFB) to 26.3% in $150^{\circ}C/45$ min. D varied from 50.7% in RWFB to 73.7% in $150^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$. U varied from 0% in $130^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$, $150^{\circ}/30^{\prime}$ and $150^{\circ}/45^{\prime}$ to 0.66% in $110^{\circ}/45^{\prime}$ (0.24% for the RWFB). Lag time (T0) varied from 1.58 h in $130^{\circ}C/30^{\prime}$ to 2.40 h in $150^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$ (1.87 h for RWFB). Kd varied from 24.2% in the $110^{\circ}C/30^{\prime}$ to 4.3% in $150^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$ (21.4% for the RWFB). Kd was significantly reduced with time and temperature. All these effects resulted in increasing % BCP from 8.9% in the $110^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$, 11.3% in the RWFB to 43.1% in the $150^{\circ}C/45$. Therefore BCP increased from 31.3 and 39.9 to 148.4 g/kg respectively. Both %BCP and BCP at $150^{\circ}C/45$ increased nearly 4 times over the raw faba beans. The effects of dry roasting temperature and time on %BCP and BCP seemed to be linear up to the highest values tested. Therefore no optimal dry roasting conditions of time and temperature could be determined at this stage. It was concluded that dry roasting was effective in shifting crude protein degradation from rumen to intestine to reduce unnecessary nitrogen (N) loss in the rumen. To determine the optimal treatment, the digestibility of each treatment should be measured in the next trial using mobile bags technique.
Yu, P.,Egan, A.R.,Holmes, J.H.G.,Leury, B.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.5
Whole faba beans (WFB) were dry roasted at different temperatures of 110, 130 and $150^{\circ}C$ for 15, 30 and 45 minutes (min) to determine the optimal heating conditions to increase bypass starch as glucose source which may be a limiting nutrient in high producing dairy cattle. Ruminant degradation characteristics of starch (St) of WFB were determined using in sacco method in 6 dairy cows fed 60% hay and 40% concentrate. Measured characteristics of St were soluble (washable) fraction (S), potentially degradation fraction (D) and the rate of degradation (Kd) of the insoluble but degradable St fraction. Based on measurement of these characteristics, percentage bypass starch (%BSt) and bypass starch (BSt) were calculated. Degradability of starch in the rumen was reduced by dry roasting at temperature of 130 and $150^{\circ}C$ and increased at $110^{\circ}C$. S varied from 50.0% in the raw whole faba beans (RWFB) and 53.7% in $110^{\circ}C$/15 min to 18.2% in $150^{\circ}C$/45 min. D varied from 49.9% in RWFB and 46.3% in $110^{\circ}C$/15 min to 81.8 % in $150^{\circ}C$/45 min. Kd varied from 9.8% in RWFB and 11.0% in the $110^{\circ}C$/30 min to 4.2 in $150^{\circ}C$/45 min. All these effects resulted in increasing %BSt from 22.1% in the $110^{\circ}C$/45 min and 23.9% in RWFB to 49.9% in the $150^{\circ}C$/45 min. Therefore BSt increased from 91.4 g/kg and 98.4 g/kg to 199.9 g/kg respectively. Dry roasting at $110^{\circ}C$ increased the starch rumen degradation. Treatment at higher temperature (130 and $150^{\circ}C$) decreased rumen degradation of starch and seemed to be linear up to highest values tested. No optimal dry roasting conditions of treatment could be determined at this stage. It may be concluded that dry roasting at temperatures of 130 and $150^{\circ}C$ was effective in shifting starch degradation from rumen to intestine to increase bypass starch.
한국산 원유의 화학적 조성에 관한 연구 : 지역별 · 계절별
이현종,강국희,고준수,김영교,김영주,김종우,김현욱,박종래,유제현,윤여창,윤영호,임종우 제주대학교 농과대학 제주도축산문제연구소 1991 畜産論叢 Vol.6 No.1
Totally 881 bulked raw milk samples were collected once a month from Oct. 1989 to Sep. 1990 at 18 districts plus 8-16 farms in the all over Korea, and general composition of raw milk were analysed for the variation and correlation in between provincial areas, districts, and collection lines of milk plant. Each components of raw milk collected in province and district were significantly differed (p<0.001), but sampling stage were not effected on the composition of milk. In the monthly variation of milk composition, all of components excepted the content of ash in raw milk were lower in July and August, and tended to increas in October to January, and significantly (0.001) greater than in July and August. The correlation coefficients for the relation between fat content and total solids or protein were 0.635, 0.135 respectively, and between protein content and total solids or SNF were 0.652, 0.742.
Linearly Polarized Emission of Quantum Wells Subject to an In-Plane Magnetic Field
D. Wolverson,Yu. G. Kusrayev,A. V. Koudinov,N. S. Averkiev,J. J. Davies,J. Kossut,G. Karczewski,T. Wojtowicz 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.5
We present results on the linear polarization of the photoluminescence (PL) of dilute magnetic semiconductor quantum wells which is induced by an applied magnetic field. The PL is found to be partially linearly polarized, but without any correlation with the polarization of the exciting light, whilst the direction of the polarization does not depend on the direction of the magnetic field in the plane although its magnitude does. We present a model for this behavior in terms of a possible reduction of the in-plane symmetry of the quantum well; we conclude that any perturbations giving (i) a finite in-plane hole g-factor and (ii) a mixing of light and heavy holes are sufficient to generate the type of experimental behavior we observe.
The effects of Sm and Y addition on the properties of YBCO thin film prepared by a DCA-MOD method
Kim, B.J.,Yu, J.H.,Lee, J.B.,Yoo, Y.S.,Kim, J.G.,Lee, H.G.,Hong, G.W. North-Holland 2009 Physica. C, Superconductivity Vol.469 No.15
Off-stoichiometric (Y<SUB>1</SUB>RE<SUB>x</SUB>)Ba<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7-δ</SUB>; (x=0-0.4, RE=Y or Sm) films have been prepared on LaAlO<SUB>3</SUB> (100) single-crystal substrates by a metal-organic deposition using dichloroacetic acid as chelating solution. Coating solutions with excess Sm or Y were prepared by dissolving Y, Sm, Ba and Cu acetates in dichloroacetic acid and distilled water followed by refluxing, drying to obtain blue gel. The final precursor solution for dip coating was prepared by diluting blue gel in 2-methoxyethanol. Coated films were calcined at low temperature up to 500<SUP>o</SUP>C in flowing humid oxygen atmosphere. Conversion heat treatment was performed at 800<SUP>o</SUP>C for 2h in flowing Ar gas containing 1000ppm oxygen with a humidity of 9.45%. The viscosities of the precursor solution were increased as the content of added Sm or excess Y increased. The transport critical current density (J<SUB>c</SUB>) of (Y<SUB>1</SUB>RE<SUB>x</SUB>)Ba<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7-δ</SUB>; film was enhanced with the addition of excess Sm and Y up to 20% and then decreased with further addition. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed that surface roughness was increased with the addition of excess Y.