Effects of the body and eye-position conditions for sound localization in the frontal vertical plane.

Satoshi Futakuchi,Hironobu Takano,Kiyomi Nakamura 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

In order to investigate the effect of posture on sound source localization indaily 3-D spatial listening, we performed a sound source localization test in the front-middle(vertical) plane. This test system atically controlled the subject"s body angle and the relative position between the eye level and the center of the sound source positin. The test was conducted for three eye-positional conditions, i.e., EL(eyelevel was lower than the center of sound sources), EC(eye level was the same as the center of sound sources), and EH(eye level was higher than the center of sound sources). For each condition, five postures were test edatangles of 90°, 67.5°, 45°, 22.5°, and 0°. The results showed that the average correct response rates for the E Ccondition were higher at the 90° and 0° postures than at the 67.5°, 45°, and 22.5° postures; however, these differences decreased in the EL and EH conditions. In all eye-positional conditions, the localization of the source position tended to bedistorted(skewed) toward the eye level of the subjects and not toward the center of the loud speaker.

Evaluation of Al-tolerance on Upland and Lowland Types of NERICA Lines under Hydroponic Conditions

Dong-Jin Kang,Koichi Futakuchi,Young-Jin Seo,Pisoot Vijarnsorn,Ryuichi Ishii 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.1

We evaluated Al-tolerance in 44 interspecific lines (32 upland and 12 lowland) developed from the crosses of Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima called New Rice for Africa (NERICA) with 2 O. glaberrima lines and 13 O. sativa varieties under hydroponic culture containing 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mM Al (+Al) and 0 mM Al (–Al as a control). Ten upland and four lowland NERICA lines showed strong Al-tolerance judging from their higher relative root and shoot dry weights (percentage ratios of dry weights in the Al treat-ments to the control) than those of the tolerant O. sativa check of IR 53650. Their tolerance was supported by relatively higher root Al accumulation (dark blue color) opposite performance with common knowledge (shown pale blue color) in root using hematoxylin staining compared to the Al-susceptible genotypes identified based on relative root and shoot dry weights in the study. Net Al con-centration was higher in roots than in shoots in all +Al conditions for all genotypes; however, a clear difference in the Al concentra-tion among the Al-tolerant, Al-moderately tolerant, and Al-susceptible genotypes was observed in the shoots. Al concentrations in the shoots of the Al-tolerant and Al-moderately tolerant upland and lowland NERICA lines were significantly lower than those of its Al-susceptible counterparts in the groups under 0.6 and 1.2 mM Al conditions, respectively. Differences in root and shoot growth among the Al-tolerant, Al-moderately tolerant, and Al-susceptible NERICA lines were clearer under strong Al toxic conditions (0.6and 1.2 mM Al) than under weak Al toxic conditions (0.15 and 0.3 mM Al).

Relationship of Fe-tolerance to Morphological Changes in Roots in Upland NERICA Lines under Fe-Treated Hydroponic Conditions

Dong-Jin Kang,Koichi Futakuchi,Young-Jin Seo,Pisoot Vijarnsorn,Ryuichi Ishii 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.4

Twenty-six upland lines of New Rice for Africa (NERICA) were tested with four Oryza sativa varieties in relation to Fe toxicity tolerance under hydroponic culture containing 1.44 mM Fe (+Fe) and 0 mM Fe (–Fe as a control). Three NERICAs, WAB450-IBP-24-HB (P24), WAB450-IBP-82-1-1 (P82), and WAB450-IBP-163-3-1 (P163) among the 30 lines/varieties tested possessed relatively strong tolerance judging from reduction of root length and dry weight and shoot dry weight in +Fe compared to –Fe and from iron toxicity score (ITS) in +Fe. Only P24, P82, and P163 showed emerged lateral roots from pericycle at the root elongation zone,whereas in the other 23 NERICAs and four O. sativa varieties lateral root was not observed in the root elongation or differentiation zones. Less disruption of cortex on root tissues was observed in P24, P82, and P163 than in WAB450-16-2-BL2-DV2 (BL2-DV2),the most susceptible NERICA identified. P24, P82, and P163 showed significantly lower Fe content in the shoots than BL2-DV2,suggesting that the tolerant NERICAs could have some mechanism to inhibit the absorption of Fe. The emergence of lateral roots from the root elongation zone in the three tolerant NERICAs would be closely associated with reducing Fe absorption into the plants.

Effect of Moderate Drought-Stress on Flowering Time of Interspecific Hybrid Progenies (Oryza sativa L. × Oryza glaberrima Steud.)

Dong-Jin Kang,Koichi Futakuchi 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.1

We examined the effects of drought stress on flowering time, grain yield, and agronomic traits using 10 upland-adapted rice genotypes, i.e. eight interspecific Oryza sativa L. × Oryza glaberrima Steud. (NERICA) lines and two Oryza sativa varieties―WAB56-104, the O. sativa parent of eight interspecific lines and IRAT 109, a drought-resistant variety as a check ―under wet control and moderate drought-stressed conditions. Analysis of variance results for the 10 rice genotypes indicated that the effects of genotype (G) and drought stress (environment, E) were highly significant for tiller number, spikelet fertility, grain yield, straw dry-matter weight, and harvest index. Flowering was delayed by 1.7–10.7 (4.5 on average) days under drought condition compared with that under the wet control condition. Genotype (P < 0.001), drought stress (P < 0.001), and G × E interaction (P < 0.001) were highly significant with respect to days from seeding to 50% flowering (DTF50). DTF50 was significantly and negatively correlated with grain yield, yield components, and harvest index under drought-stress conditions. Of these, panicle number, total spikelet number, spikelet fertility, grain yield, and harvest index in drought-stressed rice genotypes were significantly and negatively correlated with DTF50 compared with those under the wet control condition. In conclusion, drought during the early vegetative stage inhibits most of the major agronomic traits by delaying flowering in upland-adapted rice genotypes.

Comparative Study of Toxic Effects of Anatase and Rutile Type Nanosized Titanium Dioxide Particles in vivo and in vitro

Numano, Takamasa,Xu, Jiegou,Futakuchi, Mitsuru,Fukamachi, Katsumi,Alexander, David B.,Furukawa, Fumio,Kanno, Jun,Hirose, Akihiko,Tsuda, Hiroyuki,Suzui, Masumi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

Two types of nanosized titanium dioxide, anatase ($anTiO_2$) and rutile ($rnTiO_2$), are widely used in industry, commercial products and biosystems. $TiO_2$ has been evaluated as a Group 2B carcinogen. Previous reports indicated that $anTiO_2$ is less toxic than $rnTiO_2$, however, under ultraviolet irradiation $anTiO_2$ is more toxic than $rnTiO_2$ in vitro because of differences in their crystal structures. In the present study, we compared the in vivo and in vitro toxic effects induced by $anTiO_2$ and $rnTiO_2$. Female SD rats were treated with $500{\mu}g/ml$ of $anTiO_2$ or $rnTiO_2$ suspensions by intra-pulmonary spraying 8 times over a two week period. In the lung, treatment with $anTiO_2$ or $rnTiO_2$ increased alveolar macrophage numbers and levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG); these increases tended to be lower in the $anTiO_2$ treated group compared to the $rnTiO_2$ treated group. Expression of $MIP1{\alpha}$ mRNA and protein in lung tissues treated with $anTiO_2$ and $rnTiO_2$ was also significantly up-regulated, with $MIP1{\alpha}$ mRNA and protein expression significantly lower in the $anTiO_2$ group than in the $rnTiO_2$ group. In cell culture of primary alveolar macrophages (PAM) treated with $anTiO_2$ and $rnTiO_2$, expression of $MIP1{\alpha}$ mRNA in the PAM and protein in the culture media was significantly higher than in control cultures. Similarly to the in vivo results, $MIP1{\alpha}$ mRNA and protein expression was significantly lower in the $anTiO_2$ treated cultures compared to the $rnTiO_2$ treated cultures. Furthermore, conditioned cell culture media from PAM cultures treated with $anTiO_2$ had less effect on A549 cell proliferation compared to conditioned media from cultures treated with $rnTiO_2$. However, no significant difference was found in the toxicological effects on cell viability of ultra violet irradiated $anTiO_2$ and $rnTiO_2$. In conclusion, our results indicate that $anTiO_2$ is less potent in induction of alveolar macrophage infiltration, 8-OHdG and $MIP1{\alpha}$ expression in the lung, and growth stimulation of A549 cells in vitro than $rnTiO_2$.

Evaluation of Al-tolerance on Upland and Lowland Types of NERICA Lines under Hydroponic Conditions

Kang, Dong-Jin,Futakuchi, Koichi,Seo, Young-Jin,Vijarnsorn, Pisoot,Ishii, Ryuichi 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.1

We evaluated Al-tolerance in 44 interspecific lines (32 upland and 12 lowland) developed from the crosses of $Oryza$ $sativa$ and $O.$ $glaberrima$ called New Rice for Africa (NERICA) with 2 $O.$ $glaberrima$ lines and 13 $O.$ $sativa$ varieties under hydroponic culture containing 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mM Al (+Al) and 0 mM Al (-Al as a control). Ten upland and four lowland NERICA lines showed strong Al-tolerance judging from their higher relative root and shoot dry weights (percentage ratios of dry weights in the Al treatments to the control) than those of the tolerant $O.$ $sativa$ check of IR 53650. Their tolerance was supported by relatively higher root Al accumulation (dark blue color) opposite performance with common knowledge (shown pale blue color) in root using hematoxylin staining compared to the Al-susceptible genotypes identified based on relative root and shoot dry weights in the study. Net Al concentration was higher in roots than in shoots in all +Al conditions for all genotypes; however, a clear difference in the Al concentration among the Al-tolerant, Al-moderately tolerant, and Al-susceptible genotypes was observed in the shoots. Al concentrations in the shoots of the Al-tolerant and Al-moderately tolerant upland and lowland NERICA lines were significantly lower than those of its Al-susceptible counterparts in the groups under 0.6 and 1.2 mM Al conditions, respectively. Differences in root and shoot growth among the Al-tolerant, Al-moderately tolerant, and Al-susceptible NERICA lines were clearer under strong Al toxic conditions (0.6 and 1.2 mM Al) than under weak Al toxic conditions (0.15 and 0.3 mM Al).

Relationship of Fe-tolerance to Morphological Changes in Roots in Upland NERICA Lines under Fe-Treated Hydroponic Conditions

Kang, Dong-Jin,Futakuchi, Koichi,Seo, Young-Jin,Vijarnsorn, Pisoot,Ishii, Ryuichi 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.4

Twenty-six upland lines of New Rice for Africa (NERICA) were tested with four Oryza sativa varieties in relation to Fe toxicity tolerance under hydroponic culture containing 1.44 mM Fe (+Fe) and 0 mM Fe (-Fe as a control). Three NERICAs, WAB450-IBP- 24-HB (P24), WAB450-IBP-82-1-1 (P82), and WAB450-IBP-163-3-1 (P163) among the 30 lines/varieties tested possessed relatively strong tolerance judging from reduction of root length and dry weight and shoot dry weight in +Fe compared to -Fe and from iron toxicity score (ITS) in +Fe. Only P24, P82, and P163 showed emerged lateral roots from pericycle at the root elongation zone, whereas in the other 23 NERICAs and four O. sativa varieties lateral root was not observed in the root elongation or differentiation zones. Less disruption of cortex on root tissues was observed in P24, P82, and P163 than in WAB450-16-2-BL2-DV2 (BL2-DV2), the most susceptible NERICA identified. P24, P82, and P163 showed significantly lower Fe content in the shoots than BL2-DV2, suggesting that the tolerant NERICAs could have some mechanism to inhibit the absorption of Fe. The emergence of lateral roots from the root elongation zone in the three tolerant NERICAs would be closely associated with reducing Fe absorption into the plants.

Effect of Aluminum Toxicity on Flowering Time and Grain Yield on Rice Genotypes Differing in Al-Tolerance

Kang, Dong-Jin,Seo, Young-Jin,Futakuchi, Koichi,Vijarnsorn, Pisoot,Ishii, Ryuichi 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.4

Effect of Aluminum Toxicity on Flowering Time and Grain Yield on Rice Genotypes Differing in Al-Tolerance

Dong-Jin Kang,Young-Jin Seo,Koichi Futakuchi,Pisoot Vijarnsorn,Ryuichi Ishii 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.4

Aluminum is a major phytotoxic mineral in the soil at low pH conditions. The effect of aluminum (Al) on root length, flowering time, dry matter production, and grain yield was examined using two tolerant, Pungsan (PS) and Geumgang (GG), and one susceptible,IR36, rice varieties to acid soil. Rice seedlings were subjected to two Al treatments (+Al, 150 μM of Al; –Al, 0 μM of Al) in solution culture, where pH was always adjusted at 3.5. PS and GG showed significantly larger root length than IR36 in +Al at 2 and 8 weeks after the treatment (WAT). Flowering time was delayed 9 days in +Al compared to –Al in GG and PS and 27 days in IR36. Dry matter weight and grain yield of GG and PS were also significantly higher than those of IR36 under +Al. The inhibition of such agronomic traits by Al toxicity was less in Al- tolerant varieties than in a susceptible variety.