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Nishiyama, N.,Nakagishi, Y.,Morimoto, Y.,Lai, P.S.,Miyazaki, K.,Urano, K.,Horie, S.,Kumagai, M.,Fukushima, S.,Cheng, Y.,Jang, W.D.,Kikuchi, M.,Kataoka, K. Elsevier Science Publishers 2009 Journal of controlled release Vol.133 No.3
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising method for the localized treatment of solid tumors. In order to enhance the efficacy of PDT, we have recently developed a novel class of photosensitizer formulation, i.e., the dendrimer phthalocyanine (DPc)-encapsulated polymeric micelle (DPc/m). The DPc/m induced efficient and unprecedentedly rapid cell death accompanied by characteristic morphological changes such as blebbing of cell membranes, when the cells were photoirradiated using a low power halogen lamp or a high power diode laser. The fluorescent microscopic observation using organelle-specific dyes demonstrated that DPc/m might accumulate in the endo-/lysosomes; however, upon photoirradiation, DPc/m might be promptly released into the cytoplasm and photodamage the mitochondria, which may account for the enhanced photocytotoxicity of DPc/m. This study also demonstrated that DPc/m showed significantly higher in vivo PDT efficacy than clinically used Photofrin<SUP>(</SUP>R) (polyhematoporphyrin esters, PHE) in mice bearing human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Furthermore, the DPc/m-treated mice did not show skin phototoxiciy, which was apparently observed for the PHE-treated mice, under the tested conditions. These results strongly suggest the usefulness of DPc/m in clinical PDT.
Fukushima, H.,Schmidt, M.,Sohn, B. J.,Toratani, M.,Uno, I. 대한원격탐사학회 1999 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.15 No.1
The paper first proposes an empirical algorithm for detecting dust-loaded airmass observed by Sea Wide Field-of-view Scanner (SeaWiFS). The proposed dust index formula is based on the curvature of the spectral reflectance estimated from the SeaWiFS band 4 (510 nm band) through band 8 (865 nm band) data, assuming $quot;clear ocean water$quot; reflectance. Evaluation of the algorithm is made over several typical Asian dust images including the ones over the Pacific in April, 1998, when a major dust event was reported. The study analyzes the performance and the characteristics of the algorithm by comparing the satellite-derived dust index images with contemporaneous columnar concentration of dust particles predicted by a numerical dust transport model. The comparison reveals several small-scale differences although their dust distribution patterns show good agreement generally.
Cervus nippon yesoensis (Japanese Yeso Deer) 사슴육에서의 색소 및 색소 안정성
M. Sekikawa,K. H. Han,K. Shimada,M. Fukushima,T. Ishikawa,C. H. Lee,M. Mikami Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2003 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.23 No.4
Color and its stability in venison, longissumus dorsi (LD) and quadriceps femoris (QF) muscles, from 8 wild Cervus nippon yesoensis (Japanese Yeso Deer) were investigated by means of the CIE L$^{*}a{*}b{*}$ measurement and autoxidation rate recorded using partially purified myoglobin. It was observed a common feature of the change of three mean values($L^{*}$, $a^{*}$ and $b^{*}$) in both LD and QF that mean value increased at 1 or 2 day post-mortem and then decreased during storage. The differences between 1 and 7 days was the largest in $a^{*}$ value than those in $L^{*}$ and $b^{*}$ values. The mean differences among storage days were only significant in $a^{*}$ except for $b^{*}$ of LD. It was same tendency that the mean difference of CIE $L^{*}$, $a^{*}$ and $b^{*}$ values during refrigerator storage was larger in $a^{*}$ than both in $L^{*}$ and $b^{*}$ reported in beef(Sekikawa et al., 1995) and venison(Stevenson et al., 1989) during storage. The smaller $a^{*}$ value was indicated that bright red of meat changed to dull red, brown red causing met-Mb formation. To compare of color stability with respects to the Mb autoxidation rate, we measured this rate of deer and horse muscles, because horse Mb was considered to have the fastest autoxidation rate among domestic animals, and we used crude Mb and pH 6.0, which might be reflected to the intact meat. Mean value of the autoxidation rate measured in this study in deer was 0.037 and that was 0.026 in horse(sigma). Although there was no significant mean difference and were different Mb purity between deer(A409/A 280 nm = 4.0) and horse(5.6), in generally Mb purity was the higher and the faster autoxidation rate, but this rate in deer was faster than in horse. These results might indicate that venison meat discolors at faster rate compared with beef.
Abbasi, R.U.,Abe, M.,Abu-Zayyad, T.,Allen, M.,Azuma, R.,Barcikowski, E.,Belz, J.W.,Bergman, D.R.,Blake, S.A.,Cady, R.,Cheon, B.G.,Chiba, J.,Chikawa, M.,Cho, W.R.,Fujii, T.,Fukushima, M.,Goto, T.,Hanlo North-Holland 2016 Astroparticle physics Vol.80 No.-
<P>The Telescope Array (TA) experiment is the largest detector to observe ultra-high-energy cosmic rays in the northern hemisphere. The fluorescence detectors at two stations of TA are newly constructed and have now completed seven years of steady operation. One advantage of monocular analysis of the fluorescence detectors is a lower energy threshold for cosmic rays than that of other techniques like stereoscopic observations or coincidences with the surface detector array, allowing the measurement of an energy spectrum covering three orders of magnitude in energy. Analyzing data collected during those seven years, we report the energy spectrum of cosmic rays covering a broad range of energies above 10(17.2)eV measured by the fluorescence detectors and a comparison with previously published results. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
The bursts of high energy events observed by the telescope array surface detector
Abbasi, R.U.,Abe, M.,Abu-Zayyad, T.,Allen, M.,Anderson, R.,Azuma, R.,Barcikowski, E.,Belz, J.W.,Bergman, D.R.,Blake, S.A.,Cady, R.,Cheon, B.G.,Chiba, J.,Chikawa, M.,Fujii, T.,Fukushima, M.,Goto, T.,Ha North-Holland 2017 Physics letters. Section A. Vol.381 No.32
The Telescope Array (TA) experiment is designed to detect air showers induced by ultra high energy cosmic rays. The TA ground Surface particle Detector (TASD) observed several short-time bursts of air shower like events. These bursts are not likely due to chance coincidence between single shower events. The expectation of chance coincidence is less than 10<SUP>-4</SUP> for five-year's observation. We checked the correlation between these bursts of events and lightning data, and found evidence for correlations in timing and position. Some features of the burst events are similar to those of a normal cosmic ray air shower, and some are not. On this paper, we report the observed bursts of air shower like events and their correlation with lightning.
Search for EeV protons of galactic origin
Abbasi, R.U.,Abe, M.,Abu-Zayyad, T.,Allen, M.,Azuma, R.,Barcikowski, E.,Belz, J.W.,Bergman, D.R.,Blake, S.A.,Cady, R.,Cheon, B.G.,Chiba, J.,Chikawa, M.,Fujii, T.,Fukushima, M.,Goto, T.,Hanlon, W.,Haya North-Holland 2017 Astroparticle physics Vol.86 No.-
<P>Cosmic rays in the energy range 10(18.0)-10(18.5) eV are thought to have a light, probably protonic, composition. To study their origin one can search for anisotropy in their arrival directions. Extragalactic cosmic rays should be isotropic, but galactic cosmic rays of this type should be seen mostly along the galactic plane, and there should be a shortage of events coming from directions near the galactic anticenter. This is due to the fact that, under the influence of the galactic magnetic field, the transition from ballistic to diffusive behavior is well advanced, and this qualitative picture persists over the whole energy range. Guided by models of the galactic magnetic field that indicate that the enhancement along the galactic plane should have a standard deviation of about 20 degrees in galactic latitude, and the deficit in the galactic anticenter direction should have a standard deviation of about 50 degrees in galactic longitude, we use the data of the Telescope Array surface detector in 10(18.0) to 10(18.5) eV energy range to search for these effects. The data are isotropic. Neither an enhancement along the galactic plane nor a deficit in the galactic anticenter direction is found. Using these data we place an upper limit on the fraction of EeV cosmic rays of galactic origin at 1.3% at 95% confidence level. Published by Elsevier B.V.</P>
Gamma Ray Showers Observed at Ground Level in Coincidence With Downward Lightning Leaders
Abbasi, R. U.,Abu‐,Zayyad, T.,Allen, M.,Barcikowski, E.,Belz, J. W.,Bergman, D. R.,Blake, S. A.,Byrne, M.,Cady, R.,Cheon, B.G.,Chiba, J.,Chikawa, M.,Fujii, T.,Fukushima, M.,Furlich, G.,Goto, T. American Geophysical Union 2018 Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres Vol.123 No.13
<P>Bursts of gamma ray showers have been observed in coincidence with downward propagating negative leaders in lightning flashes by the Telescope Array Surface Detector (TASD). The TASD is a 700-km(2) cosmic ray observatory located in southwestern Utah, USA. In data collected between 2014 and 2016, correlated observations showing the structure and temporal development of three shower-producing flashes were obtained with a 3-D lightning mapping array, and electric field change measurements were obtained for an additional seven flashes, in both cases colocated with the TASD. National Lightning Detection Network information was also used throughout. The showers arrived in a sequence of 2-5 short-duration (10s) bursts over time intervals of several hundred microseconds and originated at an altitude of similar or equal to 3-5km above ground level during the first 1-2ms of downward negative leader breakdown at the beginning of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes. The shower footprints, associated waveforms and the effect of atmospheric propagation indicate that the showers consist primarily of downward-beamed gamma radiation. This has been supported by GEANT simulation studies, which indicate primary source fluxes of similar or equal to 10(12)-10(14) photons for 16 degrees half-angle beams. We conclude that the showers are terrestrial gamma ray flashes, similar to those observed by satellites, but that the ground-based observations are more representative of the temporal source activity and are also more sensitive than satellite observations, which detect only the most powerful terrestrial gamma ray flashes.</P>
Fukushima, H.,Toratani, M.,Saitoh, S. 대한원격탐사학회 2000 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.16 No.1
The study first reports the ship-measured normalized water-leaving radiance observed over coccolithophore waters in Bering Sea in late July, 2000. A contemporaneous SeaWiFS image is chosen to compare the satellite-derived water-leaving radiance with that of ship-measurements. Since the exact ship locations were covered by cloud, pixels in surrounding area are sampled for comparison, showing factor 2-3 difference from the ship measured value. The difference may be explained by the 3-day time difference between the satellite and the ship observations. The paper also demonstrates OUTS and SeaWiFS images of high reflectance waters in the area observed in 1997 and 1998.