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Michael Frenkel,Jan-Christoph Rülke,Matthias Mauch 한국국제경제학회 2019 International Economic Journal Vol.33 No.3
This paper uses the Consensus Economic Forecast poll to investigate how forecasters in the foreign exchange market form expectations and whether the expectation formation process differs between industrialized and emerging countries. In order to explain the expectation formation of forecasters in countries and country groups, we analyze around 50,000 forecasts for 22 OECD member currencies. We find that differences between the way forecasters in industrialized countries and emerging countries form exchange rate expectations. However, we show that one important difference is due to a difference in forecasting behavior of emerging countries. Controlling for this feature lets the forecasting behavior in emerging countries resemble more the ones found for industrialized countries, but not for all forecast horizons.
( Yuval Kesary ),( Vivek Singh ),( Tal Frenkel ),( Rutenberg ),( Arie Greenberg ),( Shmuel Dekel ),( Ran Schwarzkopf ),( Nimrod Snir ) 대한슬관절학회 2021 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.33 No.-
Purpose: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common pathology usually presenting with anterior or retropatellar pain. It is associated with a relative imbalance between the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and the vastus lateralis (VL) muscles. This can lead to considerable morbidity and reduced quality of life (QOL). This study aims to assess the long-term functional outcome of PFPS treated with VL muscle botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injection. Materials and methods: A retrospective review was performed on 26 consecutive patients (31 knees) with a mean age of 50.1 years (± 19.7 years) who were treated with BoNT-A injections to the VL muscle followed by physiotherapy between 2008 and 2015. Pre- and post-treatment pain levels (numerical rating scale, NRS), QOL (SF-6D), and functional scores (Kujala and Lysholm questionnaires) were measured. Demographics, physical therapy compliance, previous surgeries, perioperative complications, and patient satisfaction levels were collected. Results: The mean follow-up time was 58.8 ± 36.4 months. There were significant improvements in all the examined domains. The average pain score (NRS) decreased from 7.6 to 3.2 (P < 0.01), and the Kujala, Lysholm, and SF-6D scores improved from 58.9 to 82.7 (P < 0.001), 56.2 to 83.2 (P < 0.001), and 0.6 to 0.8 (P < 0.001), respectively. Similar delta improvement was achieved irrespective of gender, age, compliance to post-treatment physical therapy, or coexisting osteoarthritis. Patients who presented with a worse pre-treatment clinical status achieved greater improvement. Prior to BoNT-A intervention, 16 patients (18 knees) were scheduled for surgery, of whom 12 (75%, 13 knees) did not require further surgical intervention at the last follow-up. Conclusions: A single intervention of BoNT-A injections to the VL muscle combined with physiotherapy is beneficial for the treatment of patients with persistent PFPS. Level III evidence: Retrospective cohort study.
Wang, S.,Shin, I.S.,Hancock, H.,Jang, B.s.,Kim, H.s.,Lee, S.M.,Zderic, V.,Frenkel, V.,Pastan, I.,Paik, C.H.,Dreher, M.R. Elsevier Science Publishers 2012 Journal of controlled release Vol.162 No.1
The success of radioimmunotherapy for solid tumors remains elusive due to poor biodistribution and insufficient tumor accumulation, in part, due to the unique tumor microenvironment resulting in heterogeneous tumor antibody distribution. Pulsed high intensity focused ultrasound (pulsed-HIFU) has previously been shown to increase the accumulation of <SUP>111</SUP>In labeled B3 antibody (recognizes Lewis<SUP>y</SUP> antigen). The objective of this study was to investigate the tumor penetration and therapeutic efficacy of pulsed-HIFU exposures combined with <SUP>90</SUP>Y labeled B3 mAb in an A431 solid tumor model. The ability of pulsed-HIFU (1MHz, spatial averaged temporal peak intensity=2685Wcm<SUP>-2</SUP>; pulse repetition frequency=1Hz; duty cycle=5%) to improve the tumor penetration and therapeutic efficacy of <SUP>90</SUP>Y labeled B3 mAb (<SUP>90</SUP>Y-B3) was evaluated in Le<SUP>y</SUP>-positive A431 tumors. Antibody penetration from the tumor surface and blood vessel surface was evaluated with fluorescently labeled B3, epi-fluorescent microscopy, and custom image analysis. Tumor size was monitored to determine treatment efficacy, indicated by survival, following various treatments with pulsed-HIFU and/or <SUP>90</SUP>Y-B3. The pulsed-HIFU exposures did not affect the vascular parameters including microvascular density, vascular size, and vascular architecture; although 1.6-fold more antibody was delivered to the solid tumors when combined with pulsed-HIFU. The distribution and penetration of the antibodies were significantly improved (p-value<0.05) when combined with pulsed-HIFU, only in the tumor periphery. Pretreatment with pulsed-HIFU significantly improved (p-value<0.05) survival over control treatments.
Yang, Y.,He, S.,Wang, Q.,Li, F.,Kwak, M.J.,Chen, S.,O'Connell, D.,Zhang, T.,Pirooz, S.,Jeon, Y.,Chimge, N.O.,Frenkel, B.,Choi, Y.,Aldrovandi, Grace M.,Oh, B.H.,Yuan, Z.,Liang, C. Cell Press 2016 Molecular cell Vol.62 No.4
<P>UV-induced DNA damage, a major risk factor for skin cancers, is primarily repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER). UV radiation resistance-associated gene (UVRAG) is a tumor suppressor involved in autophagy. It was initially isolated as a cDNA partially complementing UV sensitivity in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), but this was not explored further. Here we show that UVRAG plays an integral role in UV-induced DNA damage repair. It localizes to photolesions and associates with DDB1 to promote the assembly and activity of the DDB2-DDB1-Cul4A-Roc1 (CRL4(DDB2)) ubiquitin ligase complex, leading to efficient XPC recruitment and global genomic NER. UVRAG depletion decreased substrate handover to XPC and conferred UV-damage hypersensitivity. We confirmed the importance of UVRAG for UV-damage tolerance using a Drosophila model. Furthermore, increased UV-signature mutations in melanoma correlate with reduced expression of UVRAG. Our results identify UVRAG as a regulator of CRL4(DDB2)-mediated NER and suggest that its expression levels may influence melanoma predisposition.</P>