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Child maltreatment hospitalisations in Hong Kong: incidence rate and seasonal pattern
Ip, Patrick,Ho, Frederick Ka-wing,Chan, Ko Ling,Yip, Paul Siu-fai,Lau, Joseph Tak-fai,Wong, Wilfred Hing-sang,Chow, Chun-bong,Jiang, Fan BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2016 Archives of disease in childhood Vol.101 No.12
<P><B>Objective</B></P><P>We investigated the incidence and seasonal patterns of child maltreatment hospitalisations in Hong Kong.</P><P><B>Design</B></P><P>A retrospective study of subjects aged under 19 years with a primary diagnosis of child maltreatment admitted to hospitals in Hong Kong from 2001 to 2010. Data were retrieved from the centralised database of all 42 public hospitals in the Hospital Authority.</P><P><B>Main outcome measures</B></P><P>Child maltreatment incidence rate.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A consistent seasonal pattern was found for non-sexual maltreatment in children aged 6–18 years (p<0.001). Hospitalisations peaked in May and October but dipped in August and January. No significant seasonal patterns were found for sexual maltreatment or among children under 6 years. The seasonal pattern of child maltreatment coincided with the two school examination periods. The annual child maltreatment hospitalisation rate in Hong Kong in 2010 was 73.4 per 100 000 children under 19 years, more than double that in 2001.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>A peculiar seasonal pattern and an alarming increasing trend in child maltreatment hospitalisation were observed in Hong Kong, which we speculated to be related to school examination stress and increasing socioeconomic disparity. Our findings highlighted differences in the trends of child maltreatment between Hong Kong and the West. Professionals and policymakers should be made aware of these trends and develop effective strategies to tackle child maltreatment.</P>
Boandoh, Stephen,Agyapong-Fordjour, Frederick Osei-Tutu,Choi, Soo Ho,Lee, Joo Song,Park, Ji-Hoon,Ko, Hayoung,Han, Gyeongtak,Yun, Seok Joon,Park, Sehwan,Kim, Young-Min,Yang, Woochul,Lee, Young Hee,Kim, American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.1
<P>Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures exhibit novel physical and chemical properties, allowing the development of unprecedented electronic, optical, and electrochemical devices. However, the construction of wafer-scale vdW heterostructures for practical applications is still limited due to the lack of well-established growth and transfer techniques. Herein, we report a method for the fabrication of wafer-scale 2D vdW heterostructures with an ultraclean interface between layers via the aid of a freestanding viscoelastic polymer support layer (VEPSL). The low glass transition temperature (<I>T</I><SUB>g</SUB>) and viscoelastic nature of the VEPSL ensure absolute conformal contact between 2D layers, enabling the easy pick-up of layers and attaching to other 2D layers. This eventually leads to the construction of random sequence 2D vdW heterostructures such as molybdenum disulfide/tungsten disulfide/molybdenum diselenide/tungsten diselenide/hexagonal boron nitride. Furthermore, the VEPSL allows the conformal transfer of 2D vdW heterostructures onto arbitrary substrates, irrespective of surface roughness. To demonstrate the significance of the ultraclean interface, the fabricated molybdenum disulfide/graphene heterostructure employed as an electrocatalyst yielded excellent results of 73.1 mV·dec<SUP>-1</SUP> for the Tafel slope and 0.12 kΩ of charge transfer resistance, which are almost twice as low as that of the impurity-trapped heterostructure.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Reconstitution of human RNA interference in budding yeast
Suk, Kyoungho,Choi, Jihye,Suzuki, Yo,Ozturk, Sedide B.,Mellor, Joseph C.,Wong, Koon Ho,MacKay, Joanna L.,Gregory, Richard I.,Roth, Frederick P. Oxford University Press 2011 Nucleic acids research Vol.39 No.7
<P>Although RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) is a widely conserved process among eukaryotes, including many fungi, it is absent from the budding yeast <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I>. Three human proteins, Ago2, Dicer and TRBP, are sufficient for reconstituting the RISC complex <I>in vitro</I>. To examine whether the introduction of human RNAi genes can reconstitute RNAi in <I>S. cerevisiae</I>, genes encoding these three human proteins were introduced into <I>S. cerevisiae</I>. We observed both siRNA and siRNA- and RISC-dependent silencing of the target gene <I>GFP</I>. Thus, human Ago2, Dicer and TRBP can functionally reconstitute human RNAi in <I>S. cerevisiae</I>, <I>in vivo</I>, enabling the study and use of the human RNAi pathway in a facile genetic model organism.</P>
The Hong Kong Early Child Development Scale-3: A Validation Study
Nirmala Rao,Stephanie W. Y. Chan,Rhoda Wang,Diana Lee,Rita Y. T. Ng,Yvonne Becher,Carrie Lau,Jin Sun,Frederick K Ho,Patrick Ip The Pacific Early Childhood Education Research Ass 2022 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.16 No.2
The Hong Kong Early Child Development Scale (HKECDS) is a tool for assessing holistic early child development in preschoolers aged from three to six years. The original version of the scale, HKECDS, was updated in 2019 (HKECDS-2) to reflect the contemporary context and local curricular expectations. Children (n = 144) from three kindergartens in Hong Kong completed the HKECDS-2 in individual sessions. Rasch model analysis and expert discussions resulted in a short version of the scale (HKECDS-3) with 50 items in nine domains. The domains are Personal and self-care (4 items), Language development (7 items), Pre-academic learning (10 items), Cognitive development (6 items), Gross motor (4 items), Fine motor (2 items), Health and safety (5 items), Moral development (6 items), and Society and environment (6 items). There were significant correlations between findings from the updated version of the tool, HKECDS-3 and the HKECDS-2 (long form), and older children had significantly higher scores than younger children.