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DYNAMIC SYSTEM BEHAVIOUR OF ADSORBENT-FILLED AIR SPRINGS
Mantwill Frank,Breitenbach Stephan,Sagert Arthur 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.2
Due to growing demand for driving comfort in cars, Air Springs are increasingly being installed in upper mid-range segment. The stiffness of an Air Spring is significantly influenced by its enclosed air volume, larger volumes lead to softer spring systems. The decreasing installation space in modern car axles directly contradicts the demand for a higher level of comfort. Thus, development is faced with the challenge of integrating springs into ever smaller installation spaces. This results in the task of reducing the volume of Air Springs while maintaining the same required stiffness. One solution to make an air spring smaller is to insert an adsorbent. Adsorptive materials such as activated carbon, can bind additional amounts of air in their pores causing the springs to behave as if their effective volume had been increased. This way, softer properties can be achieved without changing the geometric dimensions of the spring. The insertion of adsorbents in Air Springs is relatively new which is why there have been few studies on this topic. Although this technology has been installed in commercially available vehicles, there are no relevant studies in the literature that describe the effectiveness of activated carbon in terms of Air Spring stiffness.
Lee, Sang-Wha,Ahn, Kwang-Soon,Zhu, Kai,Neale, Nathan R.,Frank, Arthur J. American Chemical Society 2012 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.116 No.40
<P>We report on the effects of treating TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocrystalline films with different concentrations of TiCl<SUB>4</SUB> (5–500 mM) on the film morphology, charge-carrier dynamics, and performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. Transport and recombination in the TiCl<SUB>4</SUB>-treated films were studied by frequency-resolved modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopies. These studies showed that, at a low TiCl<SUB>4</SUB> concentration (5 mM), the electron diffusion coefficient in the annealed film increased. At intermediate TiCl<SUB>4</SUB> concentrations (15–50 mM), the surface area of the films increased, resulting in an increase of light harvesting and overall power conversion efficiency. At a high TiCl<SUB>4</SUB> concentration (500 mM), light scattering in the film in the long wavelength region of the visible spectrum was enhanced, but the averaged pore size of the film became narrower, resulting in slower transport and loss of cell performance.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2012/jpccck.2012.116.issue-40/jp3079887/production/images/medium/jp-2012-079887_0007.gif'></P>
Transparent TiO2 nanotube array photoelectrodes prepared via two-step anodization
Kim Jin Young,Zhu Kai,Neale Nathan R,Frank Arthur J 나노기술연구협의회 2014 Nano Convergence Vol.1 No.9
Two-step anodization of transparent TiO2 nanotube arrays has been demonstrated with aid of a Nb-doped TiO2 buffer layer deposited between the Ti layer and TCO substrate. Enhanced physical adhesion and electrochemical stability provided by the buffer layer has been found to be important for successful implementation of the two-step anodization process. With the proposed approach, the morphology and thickness of NT arrays could be controlled very precisely, which in turn, influenced their optical and photoelectrochemical properties.
Hole transport in sensitized CdS–NiO nanoparticle photocathodes
Kang, Soon Hyung,Zhu, Kai,Neale, Nathan R.,Frank, Arthur J. Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Chemical communications Vol.47 No.37
<P>A general chemical approach was used to synthesise NiO–CdS core–shell nanoparticle films as photocathodes for p-type semiconductor-sensitized solar cells. Compared to dye-sensitized NiO photocathodes, the CdS-sensitized NiO cathodes exhibited two orders of magnitude faster hole transport (attributable to the passivation of surface traps by the CdS) and almost 100% charge-collection efficiencies.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>NiO–CdS core–shell nanocrystalline photocathodes display almost 100% charge-collection efficiencies and two orders of magnitude faster hole transport than the dye-sensitized NiO photocathodes. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1cc13932k'> </P>
Jang, Song-Rim,Zhu, Kai,Ko, Min Jae,Kim, Kyungkon,Kim, Chulhee,Park, Nam-Gyu,Frank, Arthur J. American Chemical Society 2011 ACS NANO Vol.5 No.10
<P>Sensitization of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (SSDSSCs) with a new, organic donor-π-acceptor dye with a large molar absorption coefficient led to an open-circuit voltage of over 1 V at AM1.5 solar irradiance (100 mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>). Recombination of electrons in the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> film with the oxidized species in the hole-transfer material (HTM) was significantly slower with the organic dye than with a standard ruthenium complex dye. Density functional theory indicated that steric shielding of the electrons in the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> by the organic dye was important in reducing recombination. Preventing the loss of photoelectrons resulted in a significant voltage gain. There was no evidence that the organic dye contributed to the high voltage by shifting the band edges to more negative electrode potentials. Compared with an iodide-based liquid electrolyte, however, the more positive redox potential of the solid-state HTM used in the SSDSSCs favored higher voltages.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2011/ancac3.2011.5.issue-10/nn2029567/production/images/medium/nn-2011-029567_0005.gif'></P>