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Volpin, Federico,Fons, Emilie,Chekli, Laura,Kim, Jung Eun,Jang, Am,Shon, Ho Kyong Elsevier 2018 Process safety and environmental protection Vol.117 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To enhance the seawater desalination energy efficiency forward osmosis – reverse osmosis (FO-RO) hybrid system has recently been developed. In this process, the FO “pre-treatment” step is designed to use seawater (SW) as draw solution to filter the wastewater (WW) while reducing the seawater osmotic pressure. Thereby reducing the operating pressure of the RO to desalinate the diluted SW. However, membrane fouling is a major issue that needs to be addressed. Proper selection of suitable WWs is necessary before proceeding with large-scale FO-RO desalination plants. In this study, long-term experiments were carried out, using state-of-the-art FO membrane, using real WW and SW solutions. A combination of water flux modelling and membrane characterisation were used to assess the degree of membrane fouling and the impact on the process performance. Initial water flux as high as 22.5Lm<SUP>−2</SUP> h<SUP>−1</SUP> was observed when using secondary effluent. It was also found that secondary effluent causes negligible flux decline. On the other hand, biologically treated wastewater and primary effluent caused mild and severe flux decline respectively (25% and 50% of flux decline after 80 hours, compared to no-fouling conditions). Ammonia leakage to the diluted seawater was also measured, concluding that, if biologically treated wastewater is used as feed, the final NH<SUB>4<SUP>+</SUP> </SUB> concentration in the draw is likely to be negligible.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Commercial state-of-the-art FO membranes were tested with real wastewater and seawater. </LI> <LI> Initial water flux of 22.5 Lm<SUP>−2</SUP> h<SUP>−1</SUP> was observed. </LI> <LI> Secondary effluent wastewater caused negligible fouling over long term operation. </LI> <LI> Ammonia leakage to the seawater was negligible. </LI> </UL> </P>
Shogo Ishizuka,Akimasa Yamada,Koji Matsubara,Paul Fons,Keiichiro Sakurai,Shigeru Niki 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.2
CuInSe2 (CIS), Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS), and CuGaSe2 (CGS) solar cells were fabricated on flexible 50-lm thick zirconia sheet substrates. Alkali doping into CIS, CIGS, and CGS absorber layers was demonstrated using alkali-silicate glass thin layers (ASTL) deposited on substrates prior to the sputtering of the Mo back contact layer. Enhanced cell efficiencies with the use of ASTL were demonstrated regardless of the In/Ga composition ratio in CIGS. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) curves of CIGS solar cells fabricated with ASTL showed an enhanced absorption in the long wavelength region, whereas the EQE curves of CIS and CGS cells showed no such variation. This result implies that the presence of alkali elements in CIGS lead to a reduction in elemental inter-diffusion of In and Ga during growth, resulting in a decrease of the nominal band-gap energy of the CIGS layer due to the steep Ga composition gradient present in the CIGS layer.
Given Hapunda,Amina Abubakar,Frans Pouwer,Fons van de Vijver 대한당뇨병학회 2017 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.41 No.6
Background: Depression is an established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and mortality among individuals living with diabetes, and impaired self-care behaviors may play a mediating role. In Africa, this association is not very well known. In this study, we examined the associations between depressive symptoms and different aspects of diabetes self-care in Zambian individuals with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 157 individuals with diabetes mellitus participated. The sample was drawn from four city hospitals in Zambia. Diabetes self-care was assessed using the diabetes self-care inventory, and depression was assessed using the major depression inventory. Results: Fifty-nine percent of the sample had type 1 diabetes mellitus. Variations in self-care activities and behaviors were reported as least adhered to by individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in adolescent and adult patients. Regression analysis indicated that there was no association between total diabetes self-care and the depression total score. However, depression was associated with poor glucose testing and not eating meals on time by patients with diabetes. Conclusion: Some variance on poor self-care was explained by demographic characteristics, specifically age, body mass index, and to some extent, socioeconomic status. Recognition and successful treatment of depression in patients with diabetes might help to optimize self-care behaviors, especially glucose testing and eating meals on time. However, this hypothesis needs further testing.
Fon-Yih Tsuang,전진수,An-Ping Huang,Chung Liang Chai 대한척추신경외과학회 2023 Neurospine Vol.20 No.2
Objective: The long-term survival data of lung cancer patients with spinal metastases are crucial for informed treatment decision-making. However, most studies in this field involve small sample sizes. Moreover, survival benchmarking and an analysis of changes in survival over time are required, but data are unavailable. To meet this need, we performed a metaanalysis of survival data from small studies to obtain a survival function based on largescale data. Methods: We performed a single-arm systematic review of survival function following a published protocol. Data of patients who received surgical, nonsurgical, and mixed modes of treatment were meta-analyzed separately. Survival data were extracted from published figures with a digitizer program and then processed in R. Median survival time was used as an effect size for moderator analysis to explain the heterogeneity. Results: Sixty-two studies with 5,242 participants were included for pooling. The survival functions showed a median survival of 6.72 months for surgery (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.9–7.01; 2,367 participants; 36 studies), 5.99 months for nonsurgery (95% CI, 5.33–6.47; 891 participants; 12 studies), and 5.96 months for mixed (95% CI, 5.67–6.43; 1,984 participants; 18 studies). Patients enrolled since 2010 showed the highest survival rates. Conclusion: This study provides the first large-scale data for lung cancer with spinal metastasis that allows survival benchmarking. Data from patients enrolled since 2010 had the best survival and thus may more accurately reflect current survival. Researchers should focus on this subset in future benchmarking and remain optimistic in the management of these patients.
( Guillaume Fon Sing ) 한국프랑스어문교육학회 2016 한국프랑스어문교육학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2016 No.10
Cette présentation, qui se situe à l’interface de la linguistique et de la didactique, vise à lancer des pistes d’exploration et d’exploitation d’un corpus bi-langue français-coréen (phase 2 du projet) en se basant sur des expériences pédagogiques menées ailleurs. Après une rapide introduction à la linguistique contrastive et à ses applications didactiques, je présenterai le dispositif de didactique adaptée/convergente du français dans différentes régions du monde francophone (Afrique et zones créolophones) mis en place par l’OIF, je présenterai une fiche pédagogique d’un « guide de formation » portant sur les procédés de mise en relief (emphase). Cette présentation se doublera enfin d’une approche descriptive. La présentation des exemples contrastifs sera l’occasion d’analyser certains procédés et structures qui ont émergé en créole mauricien à partir de matériaux linguistiques issus du français.
Effect of Calcination and Curing Temparature on Alkacli-activation Reaction of Kaolin
( Sung Fon Kim ),( Byung Sei Jun ),( Tae Woong Song ) 경남대학교 신소재연구소 2012 신소재연구 Vol.24 No.-
In order to estimate some possibilities of geopolymer derived from kaolin, the alkali-activation reaction of two kinds of typical kaolin calcined at various lower temperatures was investigated at room temperature and elevated temperatures. For the assessment of the reactivity, temperature rising and setting time of the pastes prepared with calcined caolin and sodium/potassium hydroxide solution were measured. Unlike the raw kaolin, calcined kaolin samples prepared at various temperatures showed the alkali-activation reaction according to the changes in mineral phases with different aspect. The reactivity with alkaline solutions was exceedingly activated in the samples calcined at 600℃ though it was gradually decreased with the temperature rising at the higher temperature range probably due to the changes in crystal structure of the dehydrated kaolin. The activation effect of the calcination treatment revealed to be obtained at the reaction temperature over 60℃ and enhanced with temperature rising, showing the improtance of curing temperature for the alkali-activation reaction. The reactivity of the calcined kaolin with alkaline solution was more enhanced with the solution of higher concentration and with the solution prepared from sodium hydroxide rather than potassium hydroxide.
Sarabjit kaur,Fon Sim Ong,Sathyaprakash Balaji Makam 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2020 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2020 No.11
Service failure of high severity can lead to high recovery satisfaction when recovery efforts are seen very fair. Customers satisfied with recovery efforts and displaying high attachment anxiety will continue to repurchase. Attachment avoidance did not have an impact on the behavioural intentions and neither did the brand authenticity perception.
Effects of life status changes on changes in consumer preferences
George P. Moschis,Fon Sim Ong 한국마케팅과학회 2012 마케팅과학연구 Vol.22 No.3
This article examines the effect of life status changes on consumer preferences. It seeks explanations for continuities and changes in consumer preferences and examines the role of cultural and subcultural influences. Data used in the present study come from a largescale survey that used face-to-face interviews with a total of 645 respondents from three different ethnic backgrounds in Peninsular Malaysia. The findings show some consistencies with those of past research. They also suggest subcultural differences in consumer responses due to life-changing events. The study suggests the value of adopting the life course paradigm as a blueprint for further research across countries.