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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Faraj Habeeb Tobia (검색결과 2 건)
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Faraj Habeeb Tobia 한국지질과학협의회 2018 Geosciences Journal Vol.22 No.6
Stable isotope ratios of 18O/16O and 13C/12C and rare earth elements geochemistry of the Upper Triassic carbonates from the Baluti Formation in Kurdistan Region of Northern Iraq were studied in two areas, Sararu and Sarki. The aim of the study is to quantify the possible diagenetic processes that postdated deposition and the paleoenvironment of the Baluti Formation. The replacement products of the skeletal grains by selective dissolution and neomorphism probably by meteoric water preserved the original marine isotopic signatures possibly due to the closed system. The petrographic study revealed the existence of foraminifers, echinoderms, gastropods, crinoids, nodosaria and ostracods as major framework constituents. The carbonates have micritic matrix with microsparite and sparry calcite filling the pores and voids. The range and average values for twelve carbonate rocks of δ18O and δ13C in Sararu section were –5.3‰ to –3.16‰ (–4.12‰) and –2.94‰ to –0.96‰ (–1.75‰), respectively; while the corresponding values for the Sarki section were –3.69‰ to –0.39‰ (–2.08‰) and –5.34‰ to –2.70‰ (–4.02‰), respectively. The bivariate plot of δ18O and δ13C suggests that most of these carbonates are warm-water skeletons and have meteoric cement. The average ΣREE content and Eu-anomaly of the carbonates of Sararu sections were 44.26 ppm and 1.03, respectively, corresponding to 22.30 ppm and 0.93 for the Sarki section. The normalized patterns for the carbonate rocks exhibit: (1) non-seawater-like REE patterns, (2) positive Gd anomalies (average = 1.112 for Sararu and 1.114 for Sarki), (3) super chondritic Y/Ho ratio is 31.48 for Sararu and 31.73 for Sarki which are less than the value of seawater. The presence of sparry calcite cement, negative 13C and 18O isotope values, the positive Eu anomaly in the REE patterns (particularly for Sararu), eliminated Ce anomaly (Ce/Ce*: 0.916–1.167, average = 0.994 and 0.950–1.010, average = 0.964, respectively), and Er/Nd values propose that these carbonates have undergone meteoric diagenesis. The REE patterns suggest that the terrigenous materials of the Baluti were derived from felsic to intermediate rocks.
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Provenance and depositional environment of the Middle−Late Jurassic shales, northern Iraq
Faraj Habeeb Tobia,Hikmat S. Al-Jaleel,Idrees N. Ahmad 한국지질과학협의회 2019 Geosciences Journal Vol.23 No.5
The Middle–Late Jurassic formations are regarded to be an important source rock in the Jurassic petroleum system of North Iraq. The major and trace element analysis on the Middle and Late Jurassic shales in the Imbricated Zone, Iraq was analyzed. This study investigated the shales provenance and depositional environment, in addition to evaluate the intensity of weathering in the source area. The chemical index of alteration (CIA), index of compositional variability (ICV) and the Al2O3-CaO + Na2O-K2O diagram of the shales suggest increasing in the intensity of chemical weathering from the Middle to the Late Jurassic due to the climatic change and/or tectonic activity. The elemental ratios: Al2O3/TiO2, Th/Sc, La/Th, Co/Th, (Gd/Yb)n, Eu/Eu*, and REE pattern; and tectonic discrimination diagrams indicated that they were derived from felsic source rocks in the crystalline basement of the northern fringe of the Arabian Shield and Rutba Uplift. The Sargelu, Naokelekan and Barsarin formations are also supplied from the intermediate source rocks from the Mid Oceanic Ridge and deposited in an active setting. The geochemical parameters suggest the lower part of the Middle Jurassic and the shales from upper part of the Late Jurassic were deposited in anoxic shallow marine environment; and other ages were deposited in an anoxic deep marine environment.
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