기독교대학 정체성 구현을 위한 교육 프로그램 개발연구

조은식(Eunsik Cho),윤진숙(Jin?Sook Yun) 한국기독교학회 2016 한국기독교신학논총 Vol.99 No.-

이 연구는 기독교대학이 어떻게 기독교 정체성을 유지하고 발전시킬 수 있을까 하는 점에 초점을 두었다. 현재 기독교대학들은 입학생의 감소와 재정약화, 타대학과의 치열한 경쟁 등으로 존립의 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이런 상황 속에서 기독교대학들의 모습은 생존을 위해 신앙적인 면과 학문적 탁월성을 동시에 잡으려고 애를 쓰고 있는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 현실은 그리 우호적이지 않다. 교내에서는 교수나 직원은 기독교인이어야 한다는 조건의 철폐를 주장하기도 하고, 학생들은 종교선택의 자유를 주장하며 채플 수업을 거부하거나 기독교과목 수강에 강한 불만을 표시하기도 한다. 여기에 다원주의와 포스트모던의 영향으로 기독교대학이 갖고 있는 기독교 정체성마저 흔들리는 위기에 처해 있다. 이처럼 기독교대학의 정체성 유지와 기독교대학으로서의 차별화에 어려움을 겪고 있는 것이 오늘 기독교대학이 처한 형편이다. 그러면 어떻게 기독교 정체성을 유지할 수 있을까? 1학년 학생들을 대상으로 설문 조사 결과, 채플이나 기독교 과목보다 사회봉사를 통해 기독교 정체성을 유지할 수 있을 것이라는 답이 도출되었다. 현대 숭실대학교에는 ‘섬김의 리더십’과 ‘사회봉사실천’ 과목이 개설되어 있고, 방학에는 해외봉사프로그램이 마련되어 있다. 사회봉사프로그램은 학생들로 하여금 타인의 삶에 관심을 갖게 하고 타인과 더불어 사는 공동체의 중요성을 깨닫게 하는 중요한 과정이라 할 수 있다. 아울러 사회봉사경험을 통해 자신을 돌아보고 사회의 문제점을 자각하며 스스로 책임있는 시민으로 살아가도록 이끌어 주는 데 도움을 줄 것이다. 기독교대학의 사회봉사는 기독교 사랑을 사회에 반영하며 실천하는 귀한 방편이다. 봉사활동을 통해 교육적 가치와 사회적 가치 그리고 자주적 가치를 함양할 수 있음을 인지하고 봉사영역의 확대와 능동적 참여를 유도할 수 있는 방안이 강구되어야 할 것이다. 사회봉사활동을 통해 기독교대학의 사회적 책임을 표출하며 기독교 정체성을 회복하고 발전시키도록 해야 할 것이다. This study is focused on education programs for maintaining and developing identity of Christian University. It is a time of crisis for Christian universities due to reduction of entering students, lack of finances, severe competition with other universities and so on. It seems that Christian universities try to have spiritual excellency and academic excellency at the same time for survival. The reality, however, is not amicable. Some insist to rescind the condition that professors and staff must be Christians; some students assert the freedom to choose religion and to deny chapel class or to express strong discontent to take Christian subjects. In addition, Christian identity of Christian universities are shaking by pluralism and post–modern influence. In this vein Christian universities have difficulties to maintain their Christian identity. Then, how do we maintain Christian identity? We have surveyed freshman students and have got results that we are able to maintain Christian identity through social service rather than chapel class or Christian subjects. At present time, Soongsil University offers ‘Servant leadership’ class and ‘Practice of Social Service’ classes; and overseas service programs during vacation time. Social service program is an important process for the students to be concerned about others’ life and community life. This program may help them to look themselves and realize social problems through their experiences, and lead them to live as responsible citizens. Christian universities’ social service is a valuable means to reflect and practice Christian love to the society. Acknowledging educational, social and voluntary values through voluntary service, it is necessary to take a proper step to guide extension of social sphere and positive participation. Christian universities may express their social responsibility and recover and develop Christian identity through social voluntary services.

Ginsenoside Rg3 protects against iE-DAP-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition by regulating the miR-139-5p-NF-κB axis

Lee, Aram,Yun, Eunsik,Chang, Woochul,Kim, Jongmin The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in endothelial dysfunction due to persistent inflammation is a key component and emerging concept in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), an active compound from red ginseng, has been known to be important for vascular homeostasis. However, the effect of Rg3 on inflammation-induced EndMT has never been reported. Here, we hypothesize that Rg3 might reverse the inflammation-induced EndMT and serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular diseases. Methods: EndMT was examined under an inflammatory condition mediated by the NOD1 agonist, γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP), treatment in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The expression of EndMT markers was determined by Western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunocytochemistry. The underlying mechanisms of Rg3-mediated EndMT regulation were investigated by modulating the microRNA expression. Results: The NOD1 agonist, iE-DAP, led to a fibroblast-like morphology change with a decrease in the expression of endothelial markers and an increase in the expression of the mesenchymal marker, namely EndMT. On the other hand, Rg3 markedly attenuated the iE-DAP-induced EndMT and preserved the endothelial phenotype. Mechanically, miR-139 was downregulated in cells with iE-DAP-induced EndMT and partly reversed in response to Rg3 via the regulation of NF-κB signaling, suggesting that the Rg3-miR-139-5p-NF-κB axis is a key mediator in iE-DAP-induced EndMT. Conclusion: These results suggest, for the first time, that Rg3 can be used to inhibit inflammation-induced EndMT and may be a novel therapeutic option against EndMT-associated vascular diseases.

Ginsenoside Rg3 protects against iE-DAP-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition by regulating the miR-139-5p-NF-kB axis

Aram Lee,Eunsik Yun,Woochul Chang,Jongmin Kim 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in endothelial dysfunction due to persistent inflammation is a key component and emerging concept in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), an active compound from red ginseng, has been known to be important for vascular homeostasis. However, the effect of Rg3 on inflammation-induced EndMT has never been reported. Here, we hypothesize that Rg3 might reverse the inflammation-induced EndMT and serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular diseases. Methods: EndMT was examined under an inflammatory condition mediated by the NOD1 agonist, γ-dglutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP), treatment in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The expression of EndMT markers was determined by Western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunocytochemistry. The underlying mechanisms of Rg3-mediated EndMT regulation were investigated by modulating the microRNA expression. Results: The NOD1 agonist, iE-DAP, led to a fibroblast-like morphology change with a decrease in the expression of endothelial markers and an increase in the expression of the mesenchymal marker, namely EndMT. On the other hand, Rg3 markedly attenuated the iE-DAP-induced EndMT and preserved the endothelial phenotype. Mechanically, miR-139 was downregulated in cells with iE-DAP-induced EndMT and partly reversed in response to Rg3 via the regulation of NF-kB signaling, suggesting that the Rg3 -miR-139-5p-NF-kB axis is a key mediator in iE-DAP-induced EndMT. Conclusion: These results suggest, for the first time, that Rg3 can be used to inhibit inflammation-induced EndMT and may be a novel therapeutic option against EndMT-associated vascular diseases.

구조방정식모형을 이용한 청소년들의 안녕감에 대한 분석

오영창 ( Youngchang Oh ),박은식 ( Eunsik Park ),윤경희 ( Kyounghee Yun ) 한국조사연구학회 2017 조사연구 Vol.18 No.4

일반적으로 구조방정식모형은 다변량 정규분포를 가정한 최대우도법을 가장 많이 사용한다. 본 연구는 청소년들의 안녕감에 대한 구조방정식모형에서 정규성 가정에 위배되는 경우의 분석방법에 대해서 살펴보았다. 비정규 자료에 대한 구조방정식모형의 분석방법으로는 점근분포무관법(ADF)과 Satorra-Bentler scaled 통계량과 Bollen-Stine 부트스트랩에 의한 방법 등이 있다. 분석한 자료는 청소년들의 안녕감에 대한 자료로서 구조방정식모형의 적합도 지수를 전체 표본과 이를 무작위 추출한 표본으로 분석하였다. 표본의 크기에 따른 적합도 지수를 비교함으로써 정규성 가정이 필요한 최대우도법과 비정규성 자료에 대한 여러 방법들 중 어떠한 방법이 가장 적절한지를 살펴보았다. In general, the structural equation modeling uses the maximum likelihood method assuming multivariate normality. This study have investigated methods for the structural equation models of adolescents’ well-being, when the normality assumption is violated, such as asymptotic distribution free method, analyses using Satorra-Bentler scaled statistic or Bollen-Stine bootstrap method. Observed samples and their random selections have been analysed in terms of goodness of fit indices of structural equation modeling. Based on these indices, we have recommended what method is the most suitable among several methods developed for non-normally distributed data as well as the maximum likelihood method.