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合成洗劑가 빨간집모기의 生態, 生理學的 特性에 미치는 影響
金正和,李炯來,朴垠澈,李容揆,崔觀善 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1995 農業科學硏究 Vol.12 No.2
It is considered a general experience that migration from rural to urban areas will go on in any developing countries pursuing economic development through industralization. In Korea, migration is considered one of the serious socio- economic problems because it has been made excessively fast than any other countries' experiences. The socio- economic problems originates in migration can be classified in two ways ; the one is the overpopulated problems of urban areas and emptied villages problems of rural areas, and the other is the shartage agricultural labor farce problems symbolized by the increasing idle cultivated land. To relieve migration effectively, the developing policies should be converted from pursuing fast industralization and urbanization to balance growth between areas and industries. Moreover problem solving political measure should be converted from partial and corresponding approaches to total approaches containing economic, social and institutional side-view.
Son, Eun-Wha,Cho, Chul-Koo,Rhee, Dong-Kwon,Pyo, Suhk-Neung The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2001 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.24 No.5
Inflammation is a frequent radiation-induced reaction following therapeutic irradiation. Treatment of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) with $\gamma$-irradiation ($\gamma$IR) induces the expression of adhesion proteins such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1 ), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin. Since the upregulation of these proteins on endothelial cell surface has been known to be associated with inflammation, interioring with the expression of adhesion molecules is an important therapeutic target. In the present study, we demonstrate that high mannronic acid-containing alginate (HMA) inhibits $\gamma$IR induced expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin on HUVEC in a dose dependent manner. HMA also inhibited $\gamma$IR induced production of Nitric oxide (NO). These data suggest that HMA has therapeutic potential for the treatment of various inflammatory disorder associated with an increase of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules.
Immunomodulatory Function of Murine NK Cell Activity by Alginate
Son Eun-Wha,Yang Kwang-Hee,Rhee Dong-Kwon,Pyo Suhkneung The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.11
The in vivo immunomodulatory function of the activity of murine natural killer (NK) cells induced by high mannuronic acid-containing alginate (HMA) was examined. HMA was injected i.p at doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg. The NK activity was 3 times higher with 100 mg/kg HMA than the baseline. In addition, in vitro studies of splenocytes cultured with HMA for 20 h showed a significant increase in NK activity at E:T ratio of 100: 1; a 160$\%$ and 210$\%$ increase at 10 and 100 $\mu$g/mL, respectively. There was a six fold increase in interferon-$\gamma$ production in a postculture of splenocytes with 100 $\mu$g/mL HMA. HMA had no suppressive effects on the lymphocyte function in the presence or absence of mitogens. This suggests that HMA is useful in cancer immunotherapy.
Son, Eun-Wha,Rhee, Dong-Kwon,Pyo, Suhk-Neung The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2003 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.26 No.11
Macrophages play an important role in host defenses by killing tumors and virus infections and producing secretory products. High mannuronic acid (HMA) containing alginate was examined to determine the mechanisms by which HMA-activated macrophages resist infection with HSV-1 and inhibit the growth of tumor cells. The ability of macro phages to resist infection with HSV-1 or to inhibit the growth of tumor cells was assessed following treatment with HMA alginate in the presence of either antibodies to various cytokines or inhibitors/scavengers of toxic macrophage products. Only antibodies to IFN-$\alpha$/$\beta$ were able to abrogate the protective effects of HMA alginate in macrophages infected with HSV-1, suggesting that the antiviral activity induced by this immunomodulator was mediated by the production of IFN-$\beta$. In contrast, anti-TNF-$\alpha$, anti-IFN and inhibitors of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species were all able to partially abrogate HMA-induced cytostatic activity, suggesting that multiple mechanisms are involved in macrophage cytostasis. These results indicate that the HMA-induced intrinsic antiviral and extrinsic cytotoxic activites are mediated by different mechanisms.
Son, Eun-Wha,Mo, Sung-Ji,Rhee, Dong-Kwon,Pyo, Suhk-Neung The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.10
Interactions of the cell adhesion molecules are known to play important roles in mediating inflammation. The proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$), activates the NF-kB signaling pathway, which induces the expression of various genes, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). In this study, the effect of vitamin C on the ICAM-1 expression induced by TNF-${\alpha}$ in a human neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-SH was investigated. Treatment with vitamin C resulted in the downregulation of the TNF-${\alpha}$-induced surface expression and ICAM-1 mRNA levels in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, a gel shift analysis indicated that vitamin C dose-dependently inhibited the NF-kB activation and IkB${\alpha}$ degradation induced by TNF-${\alpha}$. Taken together, these results suggest that vitamin C downregulates TNF-${\alpha}$- induced ICAM-1 expression via the inhibition of NF-kB activation.
Son, Eun-Wha,Cho, Chul-Koo,Pyo, Suhkneung The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2002 Immune Network Vol.2 No.1
Background: Inflammation is a frequent reaction following therapeutic irradiation. Since the upregulation of adhesion molecules on endothelial cell surface is known to be associated with inflammation, the expression of adhesion molecules is an important therapeutic target. Methods: Treatment of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) with ${\gamma}$-irradiation (${\gamma}IR$) induces the expression of adhesion proteins such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin. Changes in the expression of these proteins on ${\gamma}$-irradiated HUVECs which had been treated previously with allicin were measured by ELISA. Results: In the present study, we demonstrate that allicin inhibits the ${\gamma}IR$ induced expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin on HUVEC in a dose-dependent manner. Allicin was also found to inhibit the ${\gamma}IR$ induced production of nitric oxide (NO). Conclusion: These data suggest that allicin has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders associated with increase numbers of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules.
Effects of Supplementation with Higher Levels of Manganese and Magnesium on Immune Function
Son, Eun-Wha,Lee, Sung-Ryul,Choi, Hye-Sook,Koo, Hyun-Jung,Huh, Jung-Eun,Kim, Mi-Hyun,Pyo, Suh-kneung 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.6
The magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) were evaluated for its effectiveness as an immunomodulator in rats. The treatments were as follows: Group 1, AIN-93M diet (0.05% Mg, 0.001% Mn); Group 2, high-dose Mg (0.1% Mg, 0.001% Mn); and Group 3, high dose Mn(0.05% Mg 0.01% Mn) (n-12/group). After 12 weeks of supplementation, rats were sacrificed to assess the effect on a range of innate responses (tumoricidal activity, oxidative burst and nitric oxide) and the mitogen-stimulated lymphoproliferative response. Immune function was significantly affected in both the high dose Mg and the Mn group. Lymphocyte proliferative responses and NK cell activity were measured in pooled spleen from each group. The mitogen response of lymphocytes to LPS in the spleen was significantly reduced in high dose Mg-treated groups, whereas the response to ConA was not affected in both high dose minerals-treated groups. The reactive oxygen species level of macrophages was decreased in both groups. These effects were more pronounced in high dose Mg-treated group. Nitric oxide production was also decreased in high dose minerals-treated group. In addition, tumoricidal activities of splenic NK cell and peritoneal macrophage in mineral exposed rats were significantly increased. Moreover, percent death of macrophage was reduced in two groups receiving high dose mineral supplements. Taken together, the present data suggest that high dose trace minerals exert a differential effect on the function of immune cells.