REACH의 규제상의 새로운 도전과 응전

李侑峰 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2010 法學論集 Vol.14 No.3

2006년에 도입된 화학물질에 관한 EU의 새로운 규제인 REACH는 기존의 복잡하게 난립하던 다수의 화학물질에 관한 규제체계를 하나로 통합하기 위하여 제정되었다. 물론 REACH의 제정배경에는 대다수 화학물질의 안전성에 대하여 규제의 흠결을 보이고 있는 기존의 규제체계에 대한 비판이 전제되어 있었다. 따라서 REACH는 화학물질의 이용상 존재하는 리스크에 대한 정보제공의무를 그 동안 규제밖에 있던 기존물질생산자에게까지 확대하고, 또한 그 의무를 규제자로부터 물질생산 및 취급당사자에게로 이전함으로써, 리스크평가가 보다 용이하도록 하였다. 또한 정보의 불명확성으로 인하여 명확한 리스크평가가 다소 어려운 경우에는 사전배려원칙에 입각하여 보수적인 정보에 기초한 판단이 이루어지도록 함으로써 안전성을 강화하였다. 그러나다른 한편으로는 더 안전한 새로운 물질개발에 대한 인센티브를 부여함으로써 궁극적으로는 기존물질을 대체할 보다 안전한 신규물질개발의 촉진을 의도하고 있다. 이렇게 확대되고 강화된 화학물질에 관한 EU의 규제인 REACH는 비단 EU역내에 적용되는 것으로 그치지 않고, EU라는 거대한 시장을 바탕으로 우리나라를 비롯한 세계각국에 영향을 미치고 있다. 그러나 이러한 강화된 규제에 따르는 준수비용이 만만치않으므로, 특히 미국을 중심으로 이에 반대하는 주장도 강하게 제기되었다. 이 글에서 는 화학물질의 안전성에 관한 새로운 EU규제인 REACH를 리스크 관점에서 어떻게 평가할 수 있는지를 알아보기 위하여, 먼저, REACH의 제정배경을 설명하고, 그 내용과 특징을 상반된 입장을 취하고 있는 미국의 화학물질규제와 견주어 분석한 다음, 마지막으로 REACH가 미치는 세계 각국에 대한 영향을 중심으로 기술하였다. The new EU’s regulation on chemicals, REACH was established in 2006 for unification of the scrambling prior regulatory system on chemicals. Certainly, the introduction of new regulation was supported by critics over the existing regulatory system which was lacking in controlling safety of most of chemicals. Therefore, REACH made the risk assessment easier not only by burdening the producer of the existing chemicals with the obligation to provide information on the risk in chemicals, but also by shifting it from the regulator to the producers and the users of chemicals. Also, even in case that the manifest risk assessment is hard to get because of uncertain information, REACH strengthens the safety by preferring the more conservative data based on the precautionary principle. However, it ultimately encourages invention of the new safer substances substituting the existing substance by providing incentives for its development. Furthermore, the enlarged and strengthened EU’s regulation, REACH, is applied in its territory and is influencing to the global society including Korea, backed by the biggest market in the world. However, there have been strong critics against REACH, especially from US, due to the fact that it causes the tremendous amount of money to follow it. Here, to evaluate RAECH, the EU’s new regulation on chemicals, from the perspective of ‘Risk’, this article mainly described its regulatory background, contents, characteristics, and its global influence. Especially, for characterizing it, this study used the comparison with US’ regulatory approach on chemicals.

가스판별을 위한 원칩형 전자코 설계 및 응용

장으뜸,정완영 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

승용차 조향계의 진동 연구

조의일,송상기 여수대학교 1991 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

The tendency of high speed and low-weight of passenger car may result in the bad feeling of ride comfort and controllability so that new design concept and technology has been required to solve those problems. Especially, the tangential vibration of the steering wheel makes the driver uncomfortable seriously at high speed. So to trace the origin, we use T.L.H. coordinate which is a standard in vehicle design, besides the steering wheel system and the frame are modeled by 20 D.O.F. to estimate dynamic characteristics of new cars with possible changes of the locations of linkages and material properties. Generally, the vehicle frame is considered as a rigid body in the vibration analysis of a vehicle. In this study, however, we have modeled the frame as a elastic body. Moreover, the effects of the dry friction in ball joint and tierod, king pin inclination and the side slip of the tire are included in the present analysis to supply design parameters required for new vehicles.

LB법을 이용한 TCNQ 박막의 물성 및 전기적 특성

金裕振,李榕洙 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1997 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-

A study on the electrical conduction characteristics of the ultrathin organic films is one of the important factors for the development of molecular electronic devices. The Langmuir- Blodgett(LB) technique has recently been attracted interest as the a method of deposition ultrathin films. We have fabricated N-docosyl-N'-methyl viologen-(TCNQ-)₂(DMVT) anion radical LB film and investigated the physical properties and electrical conduction characteristics. We have measured infrared transmission-reflection spectra. The alkyl chain is found to be well-ordered with the tilt angle of 13˚ to the substrate surface normal and the TCNQ plane is tilted at 76˚ to the surface normal. In ESR spectrum, we confirmed that a half-amplitude linewidth is clearly dependent on both the incident angle and temperature, which indicates conducting species change their electron spin state. The in-plane conductivity of 31 layers is approximately 1.33×10?? S/cm. The ohmic behaviour was observed below 0.6 V and Schottky characteristics was observed in the range of 2.5∼6V, when current-voltage(I-V) characteristics was measured verically.

사회교육 무용 프로그램이 정신건강에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

권의준,윤현정 목원대학교 자연과학연구소 2000 自然科學 硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 구청 문화원에서 주관하는 사회교육 프로그램 중 중년 여성들이 무용 프로그램에 참가후 신체적 정신적 건강 측면에서 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해서 서울특별시 소재 3개 구청의 문화원과 경기도 고양시 관내 3개의 문화원의 프로그램 참가자 138명이 본 연구에 참여 하였으며 이들이 정신건강차원에서 여러 발생 요인들을 공변량 분석을 통해 분석한 결과 프로그램 참여자가 비참여자에 비해 정신적 건강에 대한 치료효과가 있음을 입증하고 있다.

다양한 알코올에 의해 일어나는 수용액내 CTAB 나노구조의 변이에 관한 연구

金裕振 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2005 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.16 No.-

When the amphiphilic molecules are dissolved in water at the concentration above the critical micelle concentration(CMC), the phenomenon of micelle formation takes place. In this study the structures of the Cetyltrimethyl-ammonium Bromide(CTAB) micelles were investigated using SANS. These have received a considerable academic and industrial interests due to their special properties and various applicabilities. Although it has been well known that micelle of various forms can be formed, there are a lot of problems still not clearly confirmed about the detailed shapes, the size distribution of micelles, and inter-, intra- micelle interactions. For the present structure analysis, "Core and shell model" was introduced, in which the structure is consist of a "core" containing the surfactant hydrocarbon chains, a "shell" containing the charged head groups, a fraction of counter-ions, and water. It was possible to obtain structural information including the location of the alcohols in hydrocarbon core, hydrophilic shell and aqueous solvent media.

Estrogen處理 白鼠 子宮平滑筋 膜分劃의 Nitrendipine Binding Site에 關한 硏究

盧宜善,昔廷鎬,李載欣 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1988 충남의대잡지 Vol.15 No.2

Ouabain and nitrendipine binding site of uterine membrane fraction, prepared from estrogen treated rats, were compared with those prepared from control rats. Ovary was removed in control and estrogen treated rats. 1) Estrogen treatment induced increase of maximal binding site of ouabain, but decrease of affinity to binding site. 2) Nitrendipine binding site was increased significantly in uterine membrane fraction prepared from estrogen-treated rat, but affinity to binding site was not changed. From the above results, it is suggested that estrogen can increase the number of nitrendiping binding site and/or calcium channel.

오프셋을 감소시킨 고속 Dynamic Latch 비교기 설계

성광수,현유진,서희돈 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 2000 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.28 No.1

In this paper, we propose a technique to minimize the input offset of a dynamic latch used as a voltage comparator. The offsets in a dynamic latch comparator can be divided into three causes. The fist is VOM that is caused by mismatch between MOSs, and the second is ΔQ/CZ that is caused by charge injection mismatch. The last is VOCF that is the effect of positive feedback during sampling phase. The VOCF was only considered in the previous works, however, we analyze not only charge injection mismatch but also VOCF and propose a effective circuit that can minimize these in this paper.

치아우식증 수복용 복합레진의 개발과 치아 적합성에 관한 연구 제 3 편 : 각종 용액내에서의 표면경도 변화와 세포독성에 관한 연구

최유진,조한국,민병순 大韓齒科器材學會 1992 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.19 No.2

This studies were planned to evaluate the cytotoxicity of cured experimental composite resin using a cell culture method, and the hardness changes of it stored in various aqueous acids and ethanol with considerations that solubility of resin surfaces will occure the decrease of hardness should be related with toxicity occured by elucited components. Cytotoxicity of experimental resins were tested by agar overlay methods, and some solutions in which disc type resin specimens will be stored were prepared by dilution of ethanol or acids into distilled water. The microhardness of experimental and commercial dental restorative composite materials exposed to various chemicals were measured with micro Vicker's hardness tester. Following conclusions were drawn : 1. KCR-22, experimental composite resins prepared in this study exhibited the same degree of cytotoxicity with commercial products. 2. The intensity of cytotoxicity decreased after incorporation of filler to BIS-GMA based resins. 3. The hardness numbers decreased dramatically once the composite had been immersed in ethanol solutions, however any of acidic solutions did not show the decrease of VHN. 4. The incorporation of fillers to BIS-GMA based resins which showed the double increased VHN than unfilled resins. 5. Surface hardness were increased rapidly in saline compared to it in air.

企業經營 構造의 實證的 分析硏究 : H産業의 材務諸表를 中心으로

權義晩 群山大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

This study is aimed at analysing the financial structure in H enterprising Co. The business analysis consist of both the internal analysis performed for the purpose of management and the external one by the creditor and investor for the their interest. This analysis carried out in the various ways on the basis of the different kinds of data make the considerable differences to the analysis in each case. The following items are acknowledged from the result of the business analysis in H. 1) The scale of total assets in 1979 is developed in comparison with the status in 1978. 2) The current assets diminished in 1979 in comparison with the status in 1978 and them the current liabilities increased. In the view point of the financial currency in H has been weaked 3) The fixed assets increased in 1979 in comparison with the status in the previous year. In the view point of the self assets and fixed assets which are the supplying sources of long-term assets the assets diminished on the contrary the fixed liabilities increased. 4) The increase of the fixed liabilities is likely to keep the self assets in bad condition. On the other hand the following items are acknowledged in the viewpoint of the results of operation. 1) The sales cost has been increased in 1979 in comparison of the status in the previous year by 13%, accordingly the ratio of the total sales interest to the sales decreased. In order to find out the reason for the decrease the analysis on the cost and quantity should be taken. 2) Non-operating income has been increased in comparison with that in the previous year, and it is favourable that the non-operating expense is less increased than the non-operating income.