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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Emmanuel Genesis T. Andal (검색결과 3 건)
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A Location Model of a Firm’s Organizational Mode under Moral Hazard
Emmanuel Genesis T. Andal The International Academy of Global Business and T 2015 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.11 No.2
This paper explores the role of incomplete contracts when firms take into account their locations when deciding on their organizational form. For each of its activities, a firm faces the decision of whether to vertically integrate or to outsource, choosing the less costly of these two organizational forms. The firm vertically integrates or outsources in the location that minimizes the associated organizational costs. Location therefore becomes a source of motivation for outsourcing. Given that the firm chooses to outsource, incomplete contracting arises because of asymmetric information. This paper uses a principal-agent model to analyze the notion of asymmetric information, specifically moral hazard. In this model, the principal is the firm and the agent is the supplier of the intermediate input. This paper proposes that the principal-agent problem can be solved if the firm incorporates the moral hazard problem in its production decision. This paper shows that location and the risk appetites of the contracting parties determine the structure of the contract. Thus, we construct a location model of organizational mode under moral hazard.
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A Transaction Cost Approach to the Role of Cooperatives in Energy Transition
Emmanuel Genesis T. Andal The International Academy of Global Business and T 2023 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.19 No.6
Purpose - This paper investigates how community-based approaches to renewable energy help in to substitute renewables for fossil fuels in Europe in the context of transaction costs. Design/Methodology/Approach - This paper uses qualitative research methods, which feature online interviews focusing on 14 REScoop.eu member cooperatives and organizations, four non-REScoop.eu organizations, and a complementary online survey of 32 respondent REScoop.eu member cooperatives. Findings - The paper finds that (a) cooperative legal form is not seen to generate the perceived advantages to cooperatives in renewable energy proliferation, or (b) in addressing associated land use issues; further (c), there a perception that renewable energy cooperatives directly help in renewable energy proliferation by localizing energy production and stimulating the local economy (d) by making renewables more acceptable at the local level, and (e) by building trust-based relationships within these communities. It is also perceived that (f) such cooperatives are hampered by the general lack of corresponding professional and technical expertise, volunteer work, and the democratic decision-making process. Research Implications - The major implication is that localization is key for renewable energy cooperatives to be significant drivers of renewable energy in Europe. The paper contributes insights on cooperative organization form itself, and by addressing how transaction costs help in renewable energy proliferation.
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John Christian P,Ocba,Yolanda T,Garcia,Emmanuel Genesis T,Andal 한국APEC학회 2017 Journal of APEC Studies Vol.9 No.2
ASEAN Trade liberalization promotes intra-regional trade through gradual elimination of tariff across various manufactured products as well as reduction of non-tariff barriers to facilitate the flow of tradable goods within the region. Covering the period of 1993 to 2014, this study analyzed the effects of both tariff and non-tariff barriers on the level of trade in the Philippine manufacturing sector and its components with other ASEAN member nations. Using an augmented gravity model, the results showed that GDP and population of the Philippines and its ASEAN trading partners exhibited significant effects on the country’s imports and exports of manufactured goods, respectively. Moreover, the results showed that both tariff and non-tariff barriers have negative effects on the trade of these goods in general and were found to be significant in many manufacturing sub-sectors. On the whole, the study showed that the ASEAN trade liberalization through tariff reduction have some but not wide ranging effect on the level of trade in the Philippine manufacturing sub-sectors as expected. This result can be attributed to the increasing incidence of non-tariff barriers (NTBs), which proved to dampen the free flow of trade in the ASEAN community.
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