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Neuromuscular Ultrasound of Cranial Nerves
Eman A. Tawfik,Francis O. Walker,Michael S. Cartwright 대한신경과학회 2015 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.11 No.2
Ultrasound of cranial nerves is a novel subdomain of neuromuscular ultrasound (NMUS)which may provide additional value in the assessment of cranial nerves in diferent neuromuscular disorders. Whilst NMUS of peripheral nerves has been studied, NMUS of cranialnerves is considered in its initial stage of research, thus, there is a need to summarize the research results achieved to date. Detailed scanning protocols, which assist in mastery of thetechniques, are briefy mentioned in the few reference textbooks available in the feld. Tis review article focuses on ultrasound scanning techniques of the 4 accessible cranial nerves: optic, facial, vagus and spinal accessory nerves. Te relevant literatures and potential future applications are discussed.
Obesity may be erythropoietin dose-saving in hemodialysis patients
( Ghada M. El-kannishy ),( Abir F. Megahed ),( Mona M. Tawfik ),( Ghada El-said ),( Rabab T. Zakaria ),( Nahed A. Mohamed ),( Eman M. Taha ),( Alzhraa A. Ammar ),( Abeer M. Abd Eltawab ),( Nagy A. Say 대한신장학회 2018 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.37 No.2
Background: In dialysis patients, the obesity-survival paradox still requires an explanation. Anemia and high doses of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are associated with worse outcomes in the hemodialysis (HD) population. In the present study, we explored the relation between obesity and anemia control in a sample of maintenance HD patients in Egypt. Methods: This multicenter observational study included 733 patients on maintenance HD from 9 hemodialysis centers in Egypt. Clinical and laboratory data as well as average doses of ESAs and parenteral iron were recorded. The erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) was calculated. Results: Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, was present in 22.6% of the studied population. The target hemoglobin level (10.0-11.5 g/dL) was achieved in 27.3% of non-obese and 25.3% of obese patients, with no significant difference. The median serum ferritin and the values of transferrin saturation index did not differ significantly between these two groups. The weekly ESA dose was significantly lower in obese than in non-obese patients (P = 0.0001). A trend toward higher ESA doses and ERI values was observed in patients with lower BMIs (P < 0.0001). Multiple linear regression revealed that the BMI and urea reduction ratio were the strongest predictors of the ERI. Conclusion: Our study adds more evidence to obesity-associated advantages in HD patients. BMI may determine ESA response, with better responses observed in patients with higher BMIs.