The impact of the Green Revolution on indigenous crops of India

Ann Raeboline Lincy Eliazer Nelson,Kavitha Ravichandran,Usha Antony 한국식품연구원 2019 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.6 No.-

The Green Revolution in India was initiated in the 1960s by introducing high-yielding varieties of rice and wheat to increase food production in order to alleviate hunger and poverty. Post-Green Revolution, the production of wheat and rice doubled due to initiatives of the government, but the production of other food crops such as indigenous rice varieties and millets declined. This led to the loss of distinct indigenous crops from cultivation and also caused extinction. This review deals with the impacts the Green Revolution had on the production of indigenous crops, its effects on society, environment, nutrition intake, and per capita availability of foods, and also the methods that can be implemented to revive the indigenous crops back into cultivation and carry the knowledge to the future generation forward.

Sorption studies of toxic cations on ginger root adsorbent

Ntaote David Shooto,Eliazer Bobby Naidoo,Manoko Maubane 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.76 No.-

This research reports the feasibility of using pristine ginger root (PGR), base treated ginger root (BTGR)and acid treated ginger root (ATGR) adsorbents to simultaneously remove Cu(II), Pb(II) and Ni(II) ionsfrom aqueous solution under different experimental parameters by batch method. Different systemparameters such as the effect of metal concentration, time dependent studies and temperature effectwere evaluated. The sorption trend indicated that the pretreated adsorbents; ATGR and BTGR had betterperformance than PGR. The sorption of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) ions onto BTGR is 16.3, 18.9 and 17.6 mg/gonto ATGR is 15.3, 18.6 and 17.5 mg/g and onto PGR is 1.8, 1.9 and 1.9 mg/g respectively. The overall Cu/Ni/Pb ions sorption trend for the adsorbents is BTGR > ATGR > PGR. Freundlich isotherm best describes allthe sorption processes in this work. The sorption rate results of Ni(II) ions was much faster than those ofPb(II) and Cu(II) in all the adsorbents. The good unityfits of PSO data suggests that Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II)is better described by this model and the sorption mechanism is based on electrostatic interactions andadsorption sites. The DG data gave negative values for all samples; suggesting that the sorptionprocesses were spontaneous. The positive DS figures indicated that the degree of freedom for Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) ions was not restricted on PGR, ATGR and BTGR adsorbents.

The properties and applications of helical carbon fibers and related materials: A review

Himanshu Raghubanshi,Ezekiel Dixon Dikio,Eliazer Bobby Naidoo 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.44 No.-

Helical carbon fibers (HCFs), a novel carbon nanomaterial, have fascinating 3D-helical/spiralmorphologyin combination with excellent properties. HCFs and related materials have been the object of intensefundamental scientific research and practical applications in past few years. HCFs have internalstructures that are either hollow or solid, and have a remarkable range of morphologies depending ontheir fiber diameter, coil diameter and coil pitch. Catalytic thermal chemical vapor deposition hasbecome a straightforward and convenient route to synthesize HCFs of variousmorphologies. The uniquehelical structure and excellent properties of HCFs make them potential candidates in numerousnanotechnology applications. The motivation of this article is to present an overview on the excitingproperties and potential applications of HCFs and related materials as reported in the literature. At theend, the possible challenges, future prospects and brief summary for HCFs and related materials arehighlighted.

Nutritional and functional properties of coloured rice varieties of South India: a review

Rathna Priya T. S.,Ann Raeboline Lincy Eliazer Nelson,Kavitha Ravichandran,Usha Antony 한국식품연구원 2019 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.6 No.-

Rice is a major cereal food crop and staple food in most of the developing countries. India stands second in the production of rice next to China. Though almost 40,000 varieties of rice are said to exist, at present, only a few varieties are cultivated extensively, milled and polished. Even if white rice is consumed by most people around the world, some specialty rice cultivars are also grown. These include the coloured and aromatic rice varieties. The nutritional profile of the specialty rice is high when compared to the white rice varieties. The coloured rice, which usually gets its colour due to the deposition of anthocyanin pigments in the bran layer of the grain, is rich in phytochemicals and antioxidants. Rice bran, a by-product of the rice milling industry is under-utilised, is rich in dietary fibre which finds application in the development of functional foods and various other value-added products. Thus, more focus on specialty rice and its by-products will not only save it from becoming extinct but also lead a step forward towards nutrition security of the country as they are abundant in vitamins, minerals and polyphenols.

Shedding Light on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Mechanism in Ether-Based Electrolyte Solutions: A Study Using Operando UV-Vis Spectroscopy

Hirshberg, Daniel,Sharon, Daniel,Afri, Michal,Lavi, Ronit,Frimer, Aryeh A.,Metoki, Noa,Eliaz, Noam,Kwak, Won-jin,Sun, Yang-Kook,Aurbach, Doron American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.13

<P>Using UV-vis spectroscopy in conjunction with various electrochemical techniques, we have developed a new effective operando methodology for investigating the oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) and their mechanisms in nonaqueous solutions. We can follow the in situ formation and presence of superoxide moieties during ORR as a function of solvent, cations, anions, and additives in the solution. Thus, using operando UV-vis spectroscopy, we found evidence for the formation of superoxide radical anions during oxygen reduction in LiTFSI/diglyme electrolyte solutions. Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) was used to indicate the presence of superoxide moieties based on its unique spectral response. Indeed, the spectral response of NBT containing solutions undergoing ORR could provide a direct indication for the level of association of the Li cations with the electrolyte anions.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Synthesis of graphene oxide and its application for the adsorption of Pb+2 from aqueous solution

Himanshu Raghubanshi,Shalate M. Ngobeni,Adeniyi Olugbenga Osikoya,Ntaote David Shooto,Charity Wokwu Dikio,Eliazer Bobby Naidoo,Ezekiel Dixon Dikio,Rajiv K. Pandey,Rajiv Prakash 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.47 No.-

Lead (Pb) ion is a heavy metal ion contaminant in geochemical systems, and has non-repairable harmfuleffects due to their high toxicity. They create severe threats to human health and ecological balance. Therefore, it is highly needed to remove Pb ions from contaminated water/aqueous media. In this study,graphene oxides (GOs) were prepared using “Hummers” and “improved” methods for studying the effectof processing parameters on the as-prepared GO. The processing parameters such as purification anddrying process; and the effect of un-reacted graphiteflakes (UGFs) on the thermal stability of GO wereinvestigated. The as-prepared GOs were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fouriertransform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Raman spectroscopy. Further, we applied the as-prepared GO for the removal of Pb ions (Pb2+) from aqueous solution. Theadsorption measurements were conducted through atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The batchadsorption experiments were carried out to study the effect of initial concentration, contact time, andtemperature on the adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solution onto the GO. It was found that the Pb2+adsorption on GO increased with increase in the initial concentration of Pb2+. A maximum adsorption of120 mg/g took place at initial concentration of 60 mg/L Pb2+. The adsorption studies recorded a relativelyrapid uptake of Pb2+ by GO and followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results indicated asignificant potential of GO as an adsorbent for Pb2+ removal.