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한국 대학생의 성역할정체감과 성차별의식 및 군대에 대한 태도에 관한 연구
심미혜,ENDO YUMI 한국문화및사회문제심리학회 2011 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제 Vol.17 No.1
The purpose of this research is to analyze male oriented military culture and gender discrimination. It examined whether the experience of military service would affect the attitude of Korean college students, gender role identity, and sexism by classifying 317 college students into three groups; males who have completed military service, males who haven't completed military service, and a female group. Research results are as follows: First, in general military experience did not enhance awareness of gender identity nor affect attitudes toward gender discrimination, but significantly enhanced masculinity in some males who completed military service was a major factor in strengthening masculinity and benevolent sexism. Second, males who completed military service and women had a more positive view of the military than males who had yet to serve in the military. Third, regardless of military experience and gender, military experience was perceived to enhance benevolent sexism towards women. Fourth, all three groups showed a strikingly positive correlation in hostile sexism and benevolent sexism. However, they did not show a significant difference in the correlation of groups. Tough these results indicate that deep-rooted gender discrimination in Korean society is enhanced by military experience, it also confirms the significance and impact of the reality of the military ideology. 본 연구는 317명의 대학생을 군필과 미필, 여성 세 집단으로 분류하여 군복무 경험과 군사 이데올로기가 한국 대학생들의 군대에 대한 태도와 성역할정체감, 그리고 성차별의식에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 군대와 성차별 문제를 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 군복무 경험은 성역할정체감이나 성차별의식을 강화하는데 보편적인 영향을 미치지 않았지만 남성성이 강한 남성에게 군복무 경험은 남성성과 온정적 성차별의식을 강화하는 중요한 요인으로 작용하였다. 둘째, 미필보다는 군필과 여성 집단이 군대에 대한 태도가 긍정적이었다. 셋째, 군복무 경험의 유무와 성차에 관계없이 군대에 대한 태도가 긍정적인 사람이 여성에 대한 온정적 성차별의식이 높았다. 넷째, 세 집단 모두 적대적 성차별주의와 온정적 성차별주의 사이에 뚜렷한 정적 상관을 보였지만 집단 간 상관에 유의한 차는 보이지 않았다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 우리 사회의 뿌리 깊은 성차별의식은 군복무 경험을 통해 강화되기도 하지만 군대에 대한 이데올로기와도 관련 되어 있다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다.
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한국인의 성역할고정관념과 성차별의식 및 군복무에 대한 태도
심미혜,ENDO YUMI 한국여성심리학회 2013 한국심리학회지 여성 Vol.18 No.3
The present study surveyed 615 adult males and females to find out differences by gender and generation in stereotypes toward gender roles in terms of masculinity and feminity and sexism against women and to discuss any relevance with the ideology of military service, which has been pointed out as a background for sexism. First, asked to choose three items from each of 20 questions about masculinity and feminity, both male and female respondents selected responsibility, goals in life, determination and sincerity as common aspects of masculinity. In terms of feminity, male respondents chose warmth, generosity and charm as well as beautiful appearance, devotion and docility, whereas female respondents selected goals in life. Consideration for others was found common to feminity and masculinity. Second, in view of sexism by gender, male respondents proved more discriminative in terms of both benevolent and hostile sexism. No difference was found between different generations in benevolent sexism. By contrast, only those who were in their 20s had lower hostile sexism compared to other age groups. Third, attitudes toward military service, used to measure any influence of the ideology of military service did not differ by gender and generation. Fourth, benevolent sexism and attitudes toward military service showed significant correlations in all age groups and increased in proportion to age. These findings indicate that distinct gender-based perspectives still exist about masculinity and feminity in our society, that hostile sexism against women gradually disappears in younger generations and that the ideology of military service is deeply associated with sexism across gender and generation.
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