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Seasonal analysis of the short-term effects of air pollution on daily mortality in Northeast Asia
Kim, S.E.,Honda, Y.,Hashizume, M.,Kan, H.,Lim, Y.H.,Lee, H.,Kim, C.T.,Yi, S.M.,Kim, H. Elsevier Pub.Co 2017 Science of the Total Environment Vol.576 No.-
The constituents and concentrations of pollutants, individual exposures, and biologic responses to air pollution may vary by season and meteorological conditions. However, evidence regarding seasonality of the acute effects of air pollution on mortality is limited and inconsistent. Herein, we examined seasonal patterns in the short-term associations of particulate matter (PM) smaller than 10μm (PM<SUB>10</SUB>) with daily mortality in 29 cities of three northeast Asian countries. Stratified time-series models were used to determine whether season altered the effect of PM<SUB>10</SUB> on mortality. This effect was first quantified within each season and at each location using a time-series model, after which city-specific estimates were pooled using a hierarchical Bayesian model. In all data sets, 3,675,348 non-accidental deaths were registered from 1993 to 2009. In Japan, a 10μg/m<SUP>3</SUP> increase in PM<SUB>10</SUB> was significantly associated with increases in non-accidental mortality of 0.44% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03%, 0.8%) in spring and 0.42% (0.02%, 0.82%) in fall. In South Korea, a 10μg/m<SUP>3</SUP> increase in PM<SUB>10</SUB> was significantly associated with increases in non-accidental mortality of 0.51% (0.01%, 1.01%) in summer and 0.45% (0.03%, 0.87%) in fall, in cardiovascular disease mortality of 0.96% (0.29%, 1.63%) in fall, and in respiratory disease mortality of 1.57% (0.40%, 2.75%) in fall. In China, a 10μg/m<SUP>3</SUP> increase in PM<SUB>10</SUB> was associated with increases in non-accidental mortality of 0.33% (0.01%, 0.66%) in summer and 0.41% (0.09%, 0.73%) in winter, in cardiovascular disease mortality of 0.41% (0.08%, 0.74%) in spring and 0.33% (0.02%, 0.64%) in winter, and in respiratory diseases mortality of 0.78% (0.27%, 1.30%) in winter. Our analyses suggest that the acute effect of particulate air pollution could vary seasonally and geographically.
Temperature deviation index and elderly mortality in Japan
Lim, Y. H.,Reid, C. E.,Honda, Y.,Kim, H. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 International journal of biometeorology Vol.60 No.7
<P>Few studies have examined how the precedence of abnormal temperatures in previous neighboring years affects the population's health. In the present study, we attempted to quantify the health effects of abnormal weather patterns by creating a metric called the temperature deviation index (TDI) and estimated the effects of TDI on mortality in Japan. We used data from 47 prefectures in Japan to compute the TDI on days between May and September from 1966 to 2010. The TDI is a summed product of an indicator of absence of high temperatures in the neighboring years, and more weights were assigned to the years closest to the current year. To estimate the TDI effects on elderly mortality, we used generalized linear modeling with a Poisson distribution after adjusting for apparent temperature, barometric pressure, day of the week, and time trend. For each prefecture, we estimated the TDI effects and pooled the estimates to yield a national average for 1991-2010 in Japan. The estimated effects of TDI in middle- or high-latitude prefectures were greater than in low-latitude prefectures. The estimated national average of TDI effects was a 0.5 % (95 % confidence intervals [CI], 0.1, 1.0) increase in elderly mortality per 1-unit (around 1 standard deviation) increase in the TDI. The significant pooled estimation of TDI effects was mainly due to the TDI effects on summer days with moderate temperature (25th-49th percentile, mean temperature 22.9 A degrees C): a 1.9 % (95 % CI, 1.1, 2.6) increase in elderly mortality per 1-unit increase in the TDI. However, TDI effects were insignificant in other temperature ranges. These findings suggest that elderly deaths increased on moderate temperature days in the summer that differed substantially from days during that time window in the neighboring years. Therefore, not only high temperature itself but also temperature deviation compared to previous years could be considered to be a risk factor for elderly mortality in the summer.</P>
Supur, Mustafa,Yamada, Yusuke,El-Khouly, Mohamed E.,Honda, Tatsuhiko,Fukuzumi, Shunichi American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.115 No.30
<P>Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) of a hybrid system comprising <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-ditridecylperylenediimide (LPDI), which forms nanobelt structures of the form (LPDI)<SUB><I>n</I></SUB>, and soluble zinc (tetra-<I>tert</I>-butyl)phthalocyanine (ZnTBPc) has been investigated in polar benzonitrile. The PET of a mixture system comprising <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-diheptadecan-9-ylperylene- diimide (BPDI) dissolved thoroughly in benzonitrile and ZnTBPc was also examined for comparison. LPDI nanobelt structures were identified using steady-state absorption and emission spectroscopies, as well as dynamic light scattering (DLS), in suspension and detected using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in the solid state. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of the radical anion of LPDI nanobelts [(LPDI)<SUB><I>n</I></SUB><SUP>•–</SUP>] was quite different from that of BPDI (BPDI<SUP>•–</SUP>) because of enhanced electron delocalization within the one-dimensional LPDI aggregates. Polar benzonitrile enables intermolecular light-induced electron transfer from the low-lying triplet state of ZnTBPc to the LPDI nanobelts through its stabilization effect on the electron-transfer species, as indicated by free energy calculations. Nanosecond transient absorption spectra displayed marked broadening of the radical anion peak of LPDI nanobelts in the near-infrared (NIR) region upon excitation, confirming the delocalization of the transferred electron within the nanostructure. Whereas both the hybrid and mixture systems have nearly the same rate constants (<I>k</I><SUB>et</SUB>) of PET from the PDIs to ZnTBPc, the rate of back electron transfer (<I>k</I><SUB>bet</SUB>) of (LPDI)<SUB><I>n</I></SUB><SUP>•–</SUP>/ZnTBPc<SUP>•+</SUP> is lower than that of BPDI<SUP>•–</SUP>/ZnTBPc<SUP>•+</SUP>, which might result from the effect of electron delocalization within the nanobelt structure.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2011/jpccck.2011.115.issue-30/jp204417v/production/images/medium/jp-2011-04417v_0014.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp204417v'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
$8^{\circ}$-off (100) Si 기판위의 반극성을 가지는 (1-101) InGaN/GaN 다중양자우물 구조의 MOVPE 성장
Han, Y.H.,Jean, H.S.,Hong, S.H.,Kim, E.J.,Lee, A.R.,Kim, K.H.,Ahn, H.S.,Yang, M.,Tanikawa, T.,Honda, Y.,Yamaguchi, M.,Sawaki, N. 한국결정성장학회 2009 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.19 No.1
본 연구에서는 metal organic vapor phase epitaxy(MOVPF) 방법으로 $8^{\circ}$-off (100) Si 기판 위에 분극이 완화된(1-101) GaN를 성장한 후 광소자로서의 가능성을 확인하고자 (1-101) GaN 위에 InGaN/GaN MQW 구조를 제작하였으며 암모니아 유량, TMI 유랑 그리고 성장 온도 등 다양한 성장 조건에 따른 구조적, 광학적인 특성을 scanning electron microscopy(SEM)와 cathodoluminescence(CL)을 통하여 관찰하였다. (1-101) GaN 성장시 암모니아 유량이 적을수록 관통전위가 현저히 줄어드는 것을 확인하였다. (1-101) GaN stripe 위에 성장 시킨 InGaN/GaN MQW 구조를 이용하여 성장조건에 따라서 391.5nm부터 541.2nm에 이르는 넓은 영역의 범위에서 발광 스펙트럼을 조절할 수 있음을 확인하였다. In this study, we performed growth of InGaN/GaN multi quantum well (MQW) structures on semi-polar (1-10]) GaN facet on 8-degree off oriented stripe patterned (100) Si substratcs by MOVPE. The structural and optical properties of the InGaN/GaN multi quantum well (MQW) structures grown on (1-101) GaN stripe depend on $NH_3$ flow rate, TMI flow rate and growth temperature are characterized by cathodoluminescence (CL) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With the decrease of $NH_3$ flow rate, the threading dislocation of (1-101) GaN is considerably reduced. We could control the transition wavelength of InGaN/GaN MQW structures from 391.5 nm to 541.2 nm depend on the growth conditions.
M. Sakama,T. Saze,K. Maeda,K. Akamatsu,E. Honda,H. Nishitani 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
The role of systematic evaluations of thermal neutron fluxes originated in various medical small radiation accelerator facilities has become more and more important to establish uniformly a clearance system about radioactivities of radioactive waste materials produced, for example, when those facilities would be decommissioned and improved. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the distribution of thermal neutron fluxes into the self-shielded wall at the PET cyclotron in Tokushima University Hospital.The distribution of thermal neutron fluxes was determined using the activation Au foil method of <sup>197</sup>Au(n,γ)<sup>198</sup>Au reaction and the visualization was observed using the imaging plate (IP) of a long ribbon shaped activation Au thin foil. It was found that the thermal neutron fluxes were distributed from 6.65 × 10^6 cm^(-2) s^(-1) (at 1.5 cm distance from an inside wall into a polyethylene layer) to 1.20 × 10^2 cm^(-2) s^(-1) (at 71.0 cm distance into a heavy concrete layer), and also that the distribution trend of thermal neutron fluxes will be approximately consistent with that of the calculated data led by MCNP code. We have confirmed that it will be possible for the IP visualization of thermal neutron fluxes into the self-shielded wall at the PET cyclotron to reproduce those distribution quantitatively and over a wide area.