화력발전소의 대기오염물질 배출계수 산정 연구

김대곤,엄윤성,홍지형,이석조,석광설,이대균,이은정,방선애 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The main purpose of this study was to characterize the air pollutants emission factors in electric power plant (EPP) using fossil fuels. The electric power plant is a major air pollution source, thus knowing the emission characteristics of electric power plant is very important to develop a control strategy. The major air pollutants of concern from EPP stacks are particulate matter (PM), sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and heavy metals. Throughout the study. the following results arc estimated: - PM : 8.671E-05∼8.724E+01 PM emission (kg) per fuel burned (ton) - SOx: 4.749E-04∼7.877E+01 SOx emission (kg) per fuel burned (ton) - NOx : 1.578E-02∼9.857E+00 NOx emission (kg) per fuel burned (ton) - CO : 3.800E-04∼1.291E+00 CO emission (kg) per fuel burned (ton) - Hg : 1.220E+01∼3.108E+02 Hg emission (mg) per fuel burned (ton) From the statistical analysis by Wilcoxon signed ranks test between the emission factors of ours and U.S. EPA's. we can yielded that: p > 0.05.

철강산업 용융로의 대기오염물질 배출계수 산정 연구

석광설,방선애,홍지형,이석조,김대곤,이대균,허정숙,이은정 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.4

The purpose of this study is 10 estimate of emission factors of the air pollutants for the melting furnaces for the iron and steel industry. The result of this study is able to obtain the emission factor of particulate matters (PM), sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides for melting furnace. The emission factors of each pollutants were as follows: - the emission factor varied between 6.13E-03 ∼ 6.12E-01kg/ton for PM - 1.59E-01 ∼ 2.45E+00kg/ton for S0₂ - 6.82E-02 ∼ 6.88E-01kg/ton for NOx, respectively. Analysis of the differences in the emission factors of ours and U.S. EPA's yielded the following results for the Wilcoxon method: p>0.05. The statistical analysis showed no differences in the our emission factors and U.S. EPA's

Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Studies of Thin Films Prepared by Glancing Angle Deposition

K. Y. Bang,안일신,황보창권,E. H. Choi,J. . Kyung,우석훈,Y. Park 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.46 No.2

When thin films show columnar growth, the column direction can be changed easily by tilting the substrate with respect to the flux of incoming vapor from the source. We prepared various thin films at glancing angle of incidence by magnetron sputtering and e-beam evaporation. We applied a newly-developed rotating sample and compensator spectroscopic transmission ellipsometer to measure the optical anisotropy of these films. With this instrument, the retardance over 350 to 800 nm could be measured without a calibration process, even for < 1. Also, the optic axes of these films could be determined with uncertainty < 0.5. We observed strong birefringence from both e-beam-evaporated and sputtered films. E-beam-evaporated films showed birefringence of 0.016. Meanwhile, magnetron-sputtered film exhibited birefringence of 0.003. Effective medium theory with screening effect revealed that the magnetron-sputtered films contained much less void, which was a possible indication of poorly developed columnar structure.

학령전기 아동 부모의 성지식, 성교육 인식 및 현황, 성교육 요구도에 관한 연구

김다연,김민지,김유정,방예림,손윤희,윤지현,조아람,조은미,최지현,Jubilie Hta 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2013 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.47

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the sexual knowledge, and sex education perception and current status of the parents of preschoolers. The objective was to analyze the relationship between sexual knowledge and sex education demands of parents. Method: The method used in this study was a descriptive correlationstudy. The subjects were 278 parents of 3-to-6 year old children in 5 kindergartens located in Seoul. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and correlation using the SPSS 20.0 program. Result: The results of this study were the following: 1.There was no significantdifference in the sexual knowledge between the father and mother of preschoolers (Father 20.76, Mother 20.73). According to the findings, sexual knowledge was higher when both father and mother were older (P=.005). Similarly, when the economic level of the father and mother was high, sexual knowledge was also high (P=.030). 2.Concerning sexual education perception, it was found out that both father and mother thought that sex education was necessary. 3.In terms of sex education, a significant difference was noted. Mothers conducted sex education more often than fathers (Fathers, 46.7% Mother, 60.3%). Both the father and mother thought that providing sex education would be best in Grades 1-2, especially for ages 6-7. 4.When asked about the demands for sex education in terms of the physical, social, and living aspects, living aspect was the highest demand. It was revealed that both fathers and mothers were aware of the need for sex education, and when parents hadmore sexual knowledge, they would demand more sex education. Accordingly, there was a correlation between parent’s sexual knowledge and demand for sex education (r=.202, p=.001). Conclusion: Since the age,knowledge, education and economic levels of parents were different, it was necessary to develop sexeducation programs in accordance with their levels. In this way, preschooler parents would be able to teach sex education appropriate to their children’s level.

Risk for ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis is driven by shared HLA amino acid polymorphisms in Asian and European populations

Okada, Yukinori,Kim, Kwangwoo,Han, Buhm,Pillai, Nisha E.,Ong, Rick T.-H.,Saw, Woei-Yuh,Luo, Ma,Jiang, Lei,Yin, Jian,Bang, So-Young,Lee, Hye-Soon,Brown, Matthew A.,Bae, Sang-Cheol,Xu, Huji,Teo, Yik-Yin Oxford University Press 2014 Human Molecular Genetics Vol.23 No.25

<P>Previous studies have emphasized ethnically heterogeneous human leukocyte antigen (HLA) classical allele associations to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk. We fine-mapped RA risk alleles within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in 2782 seropositive RA cases and 4315 controls of Asian descent. We applied imputation to determine genotypes for eight class I and II HLA genes to Asian populations for the first time using a newly constructed pan-Asian reference panel. First, we empirically measured high imputation accuracy in Asian samples. Then we observed the most significant association in HLA-DRβ1 at amino acid position 13, located outside the classical shared epitope (<I>P</I><SUB>omnibus</SUB> = 6.9 × 10<SUP>−135</SUP>). The individual residues at position 13 have relative effects that are consistent with published effects in European populations (His > Phe > Arg > Tyr ≅ Gly > Ser)—but the observed effects in Asians are generally smaller. Applying stepwise conditional analysis, we identified additional independent associations at positions 57 (conditional <I>P</I><SUB>omnibus</SUB> = 2.2 × 10<SUP>−33</SUP>) and 74 (conditional <I>P</I><SUB>omnibus</SUB> = 1.1 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP>). Outside of HLA-DRβ1, we observed independent effects for amino acid polymorphisms within HLA-B (Asp9, conditional <I>P</I> = 3.8 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP>) and HLA-DPβ1 (Phe9, conditional <I>P</I> = 3.0 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP>) concordant with European populations. Our trans-ethnic HLA fine-mapping study reveals that (i) a common set of amino acid residues confer shared effects in European and Asian populations and (ii) these same effects can explain ethnically heterogeneous classical allelic associations (e.g. <I>HLA-DRB1*09:01</I>) due to allele frequency differences between populations. Our study illustrates the value of high-resolution imputation for fine-mapping causal variants in the MHC.</P>

위 윤상근 세포의 Ca^(2+) - 작동성 K+ - 전류에 관한 연구

김이중,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1990 中央醫大誌 Vol.15 No.4

In order to study the presence and properties of K^++ currents, especially Ca^(2+)-dependent one which was known in other smooth muscle cells but scarcely in mammalian gastric circular muscle cells, the patch clamp experiments with whole cell mode were conducted using single smooth muscle cells after digestion of circular muscle strips of rabbit's pyloric antrum with collagenase. The followings were obtained: 1. Large outward oscillatory' currents were recorded when the internal solution was K-Aspartate. 2. These currents showed dependence on the intra-and extracellular calcium ion, extracellular verapamil and pH. 3. These currents could be blocked completely by intracellular cesium ion and TEA. 4. Recovery process of the current with time was very slow and the inactivation with conditioned potentials was incomplete. Therefore, this current would be the Ca^(2+)-dependent K^+ current in a circular smooth muscle cell of gastric pylorus which should be important in repolarization and excitability in general.

아미노산-구리(Ⅱ)착물의 살균성에 대한 연구2

최상원,오남희,방정환,정관용,김은영,류비탈리 여수대학교 산업기술지역개발연구소 2000 産業基術硏究所 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

Amino acid mixtures containing waste protein resolved by sodium hydroxide hydorolyzing method were obtained. The composition and concentration of amino acid mixtures were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The disinfectant with tetraminecopper(Ⅱ) sulfate monohydratercu[Cu(NH3)4SO4ㆍH2O] from amino acid mixtures was synthesized. Complexes of synthesized disinfectant(amino acid-copper(Ⅱ) complexes) received by using UV- spectrophotometer were confirmed. Sterilizing power on Escherichia coli, Staphycoccus aureus, Xanthomonas and campestris, Pseudomonas solanacearum was tested and compared to synthesized disinfectant and EG105, used generally. Also, we carried out the experiment of sterilizing ability for abseence of metal ions (Ca2+, PO43-, Mg2+). The sterilizing effect of synthesized disinfectant was better than other being not affected by metal ions (Ca2+, PO43-, Mg2+).

Bio-indigo production by two types of fermentation systems using recombinant E. coli cells harboring a flavin-containing monooxygenase gene (fmo)

Han, G.H.,Bang, S.E.,Lim, G.,Kim, S.W. Elsevier Science Publishers 2010 Journal of biotechnology Vol.150 No.suppl

대학생 커플 간의 성 의사소통 양상에 따른 성 태도, 성적 자율성 및 성 만족도의 상관관계에 관한 연구

이은하,이지연,정지영,강시원,한현민,김소연,김동미,방소현,박예찬,지혜민 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2015 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.49

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate sexual communication among college student couples and to analyze the relationship among sexual communication, sexual attitude, sexual autonomy and sexual satisfaction. Methods: Using a descriptive correlation study design, 281 college student couples were recruited through convenience random sampling from September 18th to October 3rd, 2014. Data were analyzed using average, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Duncan’s test and Pearson’s correlation using the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: In both genders, it is identified that high scores for sexual communication is related to sexual openness (male: R= .347, p<0.01 / female: R=.337, p<0.01) higher sexual satisfaction (male: R= .349, p<0.01 / female: R=.336, p<0.01) and sexual autonomy (male: R= .336, p<0.01 / female: R=.364, p<0.01). The same outcome is found when each male and female are grouped as a couple. Among sub-categories of sexual attitude, sexual pleasure was related to sexual communication the most in male (R=.337, p<0.01), female groups (R=.317, p<0.01) and couples (R=.402, p<0.01). Among sub-categories of sexual satisfaction, psychological factor was related to sexual communication the most in the male group (R=.342, p<0.01) and interactive factor was related to sexual communication the most in the female group (R=.317, p<0.01) and couples (R=.402, p<0.01). Conclusion: The significance of this research is that the relations of sexual communication with the other three dependent variables among each gender and couples are shown. In addition, this study suggests the importance of sexual communication between couples which will lead to healthier and better quality of sexual relationships. However, with the lack of sufficient advanced research, there are limitations of analyzing each variables divided by demographic characteristics.

Investigation of SOL parameters and divertor particle flux from electric probe measurements in KSTAR

Bak, J.G.,Kim, H.S.,Bae, M.K.,Juhn, J.W.,Seo, D.C.,Bang, E.N.,Shim, S.B.,Chung, K.S.,Lee, H.J.,Hong, S.H. Elsevier 2015 Journal of Nuclear Materials Vol.463 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The upstream scrape-off layer (SOL) profiles and downstream particle fluxes are measured with a fast reciprocating Langmuir probe assembly (FRLPA) at the outboard mid-plane and a fixed edge Langmuir probe array (ELPA) at divertor region, respectively in the KSTAR. It is found that the SOL has a two-layer structure in the outboard wall-limited (OWL) ohmic and L-mode: a near SOL (∼5mm zone) with a narrow feature and a far SOL with a broader profile. The near SOL width evaluated from the SOL profiles in the OWL plasmas is comparable to the scaling for the L-mode divertor plasmas in the JET and AUG. In the SOL profiles and the divertor particle flux profile during the ELMy H-modes, the characteristic e-folding lengths of electron temperature, plasma density and particle flux during an ELM phase are about two times larger than ones at the inter ELM.</P>