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Novel Spintronic Responses of Novel Materials: A Tale of Two Systems
Paul Haney,Fei Xue,Duarte Pereira de Sousa,Jian-Ping Wang,Tony Low 한국자기학회 2021 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.31 No.1
The discovery of new materials with unique magnetic ordering, crystal symmetries, and topological properties continues to stimulate the development of new spintronic devices. Spin-orbit coupling underlies many of the spintronic applications in materials, as it couples the electron spin with its real space motion and often plays a key role in determining the topological properties of a material’s electronic structure. In this talk we’ll describe the unique properties of two quite distinct materials systems: antiferromagnetic bilayer CrI3 and magnetic tunnel junctions composed of one or more magnetic Weyl semimetals. Bilayer CrI3 is a two-dimensional Van der Waals material in which two ferromagnetic CrI3 monolayers are coupled antiferromagnetically. We consider electron doped CrI3 and theoretically study the current-induced torques present in this material. In the purely antiferromagnetic state, the two individually inversion symmetry-broken layers of CrI3 form inversion partners, like the well-studied CuMnAs and MnAu. However, the exchange and anisotropy energies are similar in magnitude, unlike previously studied antiferromagnets in which the exchange energy is dominant. This difference leads to qualitatively different behaviors in this material. Using a combination of first-principles calculations of the spin-orbit torque and an analysis of the ensuing spin dynamics, we show that the deterministic electrical switching of the Néel vector is the result of damping like spin-orbit torque, which is staggered on the magnetic sublattices. We then present results on magnetic tunnel junctions composed of one or more magnetic Weyl semimetal layers. For an asymmetric magnetic tunnel junction containing a conventional ferromagnet and a magnetic Weyl semimetal contact, we find unique features of the spin transfer torque. The Weyl semimetal hosts chiral bulk states and topologically protected Fermi arc surface states which we find govern the voltage behavior and efficiency of the spin transfer torque. We discuss the existence of a large field-like torque acting on the magnetic Weyl semimetal, whose efficiency can exceed the theoretical maximum of conventional magnetic tunnel junctions. This large field-like torque is derived from the Fermi arc spin texture and displays a counter-intuitive dependence on the Weyl nodes separation. We finally consider a magnetic tunnel junction composed of two Weyl semimetal contacts. For this system, we show that chirality-magnetization locking leads to a gigantic tunneling magnetoresistance ratio, an effect that does not rely on spin filtering by the tunnel barrier. Our results shed light on the new physics of multilayered spintronic devices comprising of magnetic Weyl semimetals, which might open doors for new energy efficient spintronic devices.
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