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Endovascular Treatment in Patients with Cerebral Artery Occlusion of Three Different Etiologies
Dongwhane Lee,Deok Hee Lee,Dae Chul Suh,Bum Joon Kim,Sun U. Kwon,Hyuk Sung Kwon,Ji-Sung Lee,Jong S. Kim 대한뇌졸중학회 2020 Journal of stroke Vol.22 No.2
Background and Purpose The outcome of endovascular treatment (EVT) may differ depending on the etiology of arterial occlusion. This study aimed to assess the differences in EVT outcomes in patients with intracranial arterial steno-occlusion (ICAS-O), artery-to-artery embolism (AT-O), and cardiac embolism (CA-O). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 330 patients with ischemic stroke who underwent EVT between January 2012 and August 2017. Patients were classified according to the etiology. The clinical data, EVT-related factors, and clinical outcomes were compared. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months, determined using ordinal logistic regression (shift analysis), was the primary outcome. Results CA-O (n=149) was the most common etiology, followed by ICAS-O (n=63) and AT-O (n=49). Age, initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and rate of hemorrhagic transformation were significantly higher in patients with CA-O compared to AT-O and ICAS-O. The time from onset-to-recanalization was the shortest in the CA-O (356.0 minutes) groups, followed by the AT-O (847.0 minutes) and ICAS-O (944.0 minutes) groups. The rates of successful recanalization, mRS distribution, and favorable outcomes at 3 months (mRS 0–2; CA-O, 36.9%, AT-O, 53.1%; and ICAS-O, 41.3%) did not differ among the three groups. Baseline NIHSS score (odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.83 to 0.91) could independently predict a favorable shift in mRS distribution. Conclusions The functional outcomes of ICAS-O and AT-O were similar to those of CA-O, despite the delay in symptom onset-to-recanalization, suggesting that the therapeutic time window may be extended in these patients.
Long-Term Changes in Post-Stroke Depression, Emotional Incontinence, and Anger
Boseong Kwon,Eun-Jae Lee,박성호,Ji Sung Lee,Min Hwan Lee,Daeun Jeong,Dongwhane Lee,Hyuk Sung Kwon,Dae-Il Chang,Jong-Ho Park,Jae-Kwan Cha,허지회,Sung-Il Sohn,Dong-Eog Kim,Smi Choi-Kwon,Jong S. Kim 대한뇌졸중학회 2021 Journal of stroke Vol.23 No.2
Background and Purpose Long-term changes in post-stroke depression (PSD), post-stroke emotional incontinence (PSEI), and post-stroke anger (PSA) have rarely been studied. Methods This is a sub-study of EMOTION, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, that examined the efficacy of escitalopram on PSD, PSEI, and PSA in patients with stroke. We interviewed patients at the long-term period (LTP) using predefined questionnaires: Montgomery-Åsberg depression rating scale (MADRS) for PSD, modified Kim’s criteria for PSEI, and Spielberger trait anger scale for PSA. Additionally, the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument (ESSI) for the social support state and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were measured. We investigated the changes in and factors behind PSD, PSEI, and PSA at LTP. Results A total of 222 patients were included, and the median follow-up duration was 59.5 months (interquartile range, 50 to 70). Compared to the data at 6 months post-stroke, the prevalence of PSEI (11.7% at 6 months, 6.3% at LTP; P=0.05) and mean anger score (21.62, 16.24; P<0.01) decreased, while the prevalence of PSD (35.6%, 44.6%; P=0.03) and mean MADRS (6.16, 8.67; P<0.01) increased at LTP. ESSI was associated with PSD and PSA, but not with PSEI. The effect of the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on PSD decreased over time. The effect of low social support on PSD was greater than that of mRS at LTP. Conclusions The prevalence and degree of PSD significantly increased, while those of PSEI and PSA decreased at LTP. PSD in this stage appeared to be more closely associated with a lack of social support than patients' physical disabilities.
Shin Jae Ho,Song Yunsun,신재전,Lee Dongwhane,정재우,Lee Ga Young,Jeong Hyunhee,Han Seongsik,Choi Joon Ho,황선문,Lee Deok Hee 대한신경중재치료의학회 2020 Neurointervention Vol.15 No.1
Purpose: We present ultrasound-guided percutaneous low-dose thrombin (200–250 IU) injection for the treatment of iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms. Second, we compared patient and procedure factors between subcutaneous hematoma and pseudoaneurysm groups.Materials and Methods: From April 2012 to May 2018, 8425 patients underwent neurointervention. Among these patients, 18 had small subcutaneous hematomas and 6 had pseudoaneurysms. Pseudoaneurysms in the neck and entire sac were visualized, and low-dose thrombins were injected while visualizing a “whirlpool” hyperechoic core in the pseudoaneurysm sac. Subcutaneous hematomas were treated with simple compression. We compared the following parameters between the subcutaneous hematoma group and pseudoaneurysm group: sex, age, body mass index (BMI), type of procedure, heparin usage, sheath size, procedure time, and number of previous neurointervention procedures with the Mann-Whitney U test.Results: Most of the pseudoaneurysms were successfully occluded with 200 IU of thrombin (n=5). Only 1 pseudoaneurysm required a slightly higher thrombin concentration (250 IU, n=1). During the short-term follow-up, no residual sac was observed and no surgical repair was necessary. Pain in the groin region was alleviated. During the 1-month follow-up, no evidence of pseudoaneurysm recurrence nor subcutaneous hematoma was noted. Patient factors (sex, age, and BMI) and procedure factors (heparin usage, sheath size, procedure time, number of previous procedures) were not statistically different between the subcutaneous hematoma and pseudoaneurysm groups.Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous low-dose thrombin injection (200–250 IU) is safe, effective, and less invasive for treating iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysm in neurointervention.
송윤선,Lee Dongwhane,서대철,Joong-goo Kim,김재균,Minkyu Han,Liu Hairi,Lingbo Zhao,Eun Hye Kim,Sung Chul Jung,Dong-geun Lee,구현정,Min-ju Kim,Seunghee Baek,황선문,Bum Joon Kim,Yeon-Jung Kim,조홍준,김상준,Sang-Beom Jeon,Jon 대한신경중재치료의학회 2019 Neurointervention Vol.14 No.1
Purpose: Cigarette smoking (CS) is one of the major risk factors of cerebral atherosclerotic disease, however, its level of contribution to extracranial and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ECAS and ICAS) was not fully revealed yet. The purpose of our study was to assess the association of CS to cerebral atherosclerosis along with other risk factors. Materials and Method:s All consecutive patients who were angiographically confirmed with severe symptomatic cerebral atherosclerotic disease between January 2002 and December 2012 were included in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for ECAS and ICAS. Thereafter, CS group were compared to non-CS group in the entire study population and in a propensity-score matched population with two different age-subgroups. Results: Of 1709 enrolled patients, 794 (46.5%) had extracranial (EC) lesions and the other 915 (53.5%) had intracranial (IC) lesions. CS group had more EC lesions (55.8% vs. 35.3%, P<0.001) whereas young age group (<50 years) had more IC lesion (84.5% vs. 47.6%, P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, seven variables including CS, male, old age, coronary heart disease, higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate, multiple lesions, and anterior lesion were independently associated with ECAS. In the propensity-score matched CS group had significant more EC lesion compared to non-CS group (65.7% vs. 47.9%) only in the old age subgroup. Conclusion: In contrast to a significant association between CS and severe symptomatic ECAS shown in old population, young patients did not show this association and showed relatively higher preference of ICAS.
게임 속 아바타의 이동에 따른 게임 공간의 변화와 여정
김동환(Dongwhan Kim),최순욱(Soonwook Choi),최진한(Jinhan Choi),서민향(Minhyang Seo),이준환(Joonhwan Lee) 한국HCI학회 2014 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.2
컴퓨터 게임에서 아바타(게임 캐릭터)는 가상 세계에 머무르며 시간에 흐름에 따라 다양한 행위를 한다. 따라서 시간성과 공간성은 게임 플레이 또는 내러티브를 구성하는 두 축이 되며, 이 둘은 서로 연계되어 있기 때문에 게임 세계도 시간에 따라 변화할 수 있다. 이런 변화를 일으키는 것은 바로 ‘이동(움직임)’이라는 아바타의 ‘일상적 실천(the practice of everyday life)’이다. 본 연구에서는 이동을 통한 ‘공간으로의 장소 전유’와 ‘여정(tour)’에 대한 드 세르토의 논의를 바탕으로, MMORPG ‘월드 오브 워크래프트(World of Warcraft)’의 아바타 이동 데이터를 두 가지 방법으로 시각화했다. 카토그램(Cartogram)으로는 아바타의 게임 세계속 움직임에 따라 장소가 공간으로 전유되고 공간의 의미가 시간에 따라 변화하는 과정을 보았다. 라인 그래프(Line graph)로는 일부 아바타가 일상적 실천을 통해 지도(map)처럼 주어진 경로를 수동적으로 따라가는 것이 아니라, 능동적으로 자신만의 여정(tour)을 만들어가고 있음을 확인했다. In a computer game, avatars virtually live in a game space doing various activities over the flow of time. The narrative structure of the gameplay is constructed from the spatial and temporal perception of the game players who control their avatars. Based on de Certeau"s concepts of "appropriation of place into space" and "active tour", this study attempts to visualize the movement of avatars and to analyze the change of game space with the actual avatar movement history dataset from World of Warcraft. Cartogram visualizes how players make appropriation of game space over time by moving to different zones. Line graph method is used to visually trace the route avatars in making their own active tours rather than following the recommended path.