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        Life-Cycle Economic Evaluation of Batteries for Electeochemical Energy Storage Systems

        Zhang Donghao,Cai Xiangyu,Song Chunyan,Liu Jie,Ding Jia,Zhong Cheng,Hu Wenbin 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.5

        Batteries are considered as an attractive candidate for grid-scale energy storage systems (ESSs) application due to their scalability and versatility of frequency integration, and peak/capacity adjustment. Since adding ESSs in power grid will increase the cost, the issue of economy, that whether the benefi ts from peak cutting and valley fi lling can compensate for the cost input of adding energy storage system or not, is particularly concerned. Here we show how the cost of battery deployment can potentially be minimized by carrying out an economic assessment for the cases of diff erent batteries applied in ESSs. To make this analysis, we develop a techno-economic model and apply it to the cases of ESSs with batteries in applications. Our results show that batteries could be attractive for investors even now if appropriate batteries are selected for ESSs applications. Valve regulated lead acid batteries has a lower cost of initial investment, which is suitable for the situations that are sensitive to the initial investment cost. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 , LFP) battery can be applied in the situations with a high requirement for service life. While zinc-air batteries still have great application prospects to cope with resource depletion due to excellent performance, low cost and low pollution. The current policy debate should therefore be refocused so as to promote technological development and to encompass the removal of such barriers.

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        Decentralized Constrained Tracking Control for Interconnected Nonlinear Systems with Interconnection and Input Delays

        Zhifeng Gao,Donghao Liu,Moshu Qian 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.4

        In this paper, a novel decentralized control approach is studied for interconnected nonlinear systems with unknown interconnection delays, uncertain input delays, and asymmetric full state dynamic constraints. The broad learning system (BLS) is introduced to approximate the unstructured uncertainties and a nonlinear observer is designed to identify the unmeasurable states. To guarantee the normal operation of the considered state constraints systems without any feasibility conditions, a unified barrier function (UBF) is developed. By utilized the commandfiltered backstepping control technique, a decentralized constrained tracking control scheme is proposed. It is proved that all signals of the closed-loop stability and tracking performance could be guaranteed by the proposed control method and asymmetric full states dynamic constraints are not violated. Numerical simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

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