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Dongchan Son,Jin‐kyu Park,Kwang‐Hwan Choi,Changkyu Lee 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1
MicroRNAs are ~22nt small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression at the posttranscriptional level through translational inhibition and destabilization of their target mRNAs. Micro RNAs are phylogenetically conserved and have been shown to be instrumental in a wide variety of key biological processes including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, control of metabolic pathways, imprinting and differentiation. The expression of miRNAs is often regulated in tissue specific and developmental stage‐specific manners. More than 500 miRNAs have been reported in diverse eukaryotic organism so far. One of the biological functions of miRNAs seems to be the regulation of self‐renewal versus differentiation in stem cells. Recent efforts have focused on defining the miRNA expression profile in undifferentiated ESCs as compared to their differentiated progeny. Among the so‐called ES‐specific miRNAs, the 302‐367 cluster stands out due to its intracellular abundance and high cell type specificity. Levels of miRNA 302‐367 correlate with Oct4 transcripts in ESCs and early embryonic development, indicating an important role in ESC homeostasis and maintenance of pluripotency. Several months ago, a paper showed that expression of the miRNA 302‐367 cluster can directly reprogram mouse and human somatic cell to an iPS cell in absence of any of the four factors (Oct4, Sox2, c‐Myc, Klf4) efficiently. To apply this efficient method to porcine, we made an inducible vector system including miRNA 302‐367 cluster originated from porcine embryonic fibroblasts and could make porcine ips by the miRNA 302‐367 cluster.
Generation of pig induced pluripotent stem cells using single factor, c-Myc
Dongchan Son,Kwang-Hwan Choi,Dong-Kyung Lee,Jong-Nam Oh,Seung-Hun Kim,Tae-Young Park,Chang-Kyu Lee 한국발생생물학회 2015 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2015 No.9
The four transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc have been used for making induced pluripotent stem cells. Many efforts have focused on reducing the number of transcription factors, especially c-Myc and Klf4 known as oncogene, for making induced pluripotent stem cells. Recently it have been demonstrated that Oct4 and Sox2 are able to reprogram human fibroblasts or cord blood cells to induced pluripotent stem cells and Oct4 has the ability to reprogram mouse and human neural stem cell to induced pluripotent stem cells. These researches imply cell types for reprogramming experiments have great influence on selection of reprogramming factors. Here we report that pig kidney cortex fibroblasts need only c-Myc factor when they are used for making induced pluripotent stem cells. We used two vector system including drug-inducible vector system and constitutive expression vector system. The two systems generate induced pluripotent stem cells from pig kidney fibroblasts successfully. These one-factor induced pluripotent stem cells are not only similar but also different to pig embryonic stem-like cells. These two one-factor induced pluripotent stem cell lines can express pluripotency related genes and be differentiated into all three germ layers in vitro. However, these two cell lines can be sub-cultured as a single cell by trypsin. Our results support that single factor, c-Myc, is sufficient to converting pig kidney cortex fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells.
환경규제 규제순응 확보 방안에 대한 연구 -르완다와 케냐의 비닐봉투 규제 비교분석을 중심으로-
손동찬 ( Son Dongchan ),김종섭 ( Kim Chong-sup ) 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2023 국제지역연구 Vol.27 No.3
아프리카 국가인 르완다는 지난 2008년 비닐봉투의 생산, 사용, 수입, 판매 등을 전면 금지하는 환경규제를 감행했고, 오늘날 가장 성공적으로 비닐봉투 사용금지 규제를 시행한 국가로 손꼽힌다. 이에 반해 이웃국가인 케냐 역시 비슷한 규제를 시행했지만, 오늘날까지 규제를 성공적으로 안착시키지 못한 것으로 평가된다. 본 연구는 르완다의 성공적인 비닐봉투 규제 시행배경, 두 국가 간 규제 성과 차이의 원인을 규제순응 확보의 관점에서 분석하고자 한다. 환경규제는 공유재 문제를 다루는 만큼 특히 강압적인 성격을 띄는데, 이와 동시에 성과를 거두기 위해선 규제대상집단인 시민의 의식변화, 즉 시민사회의 협력이 관건이다. 강압적인 규제는 통상정당성 확보에 어려움을 겪고 규제불응을 불러일으키기 마련인데, 르완다 정부는 강제적 방식의 공동체 활성화를 통해 시민들 간의 상호협력, 목표와 가치의 공유를 이끌어냈고, 이로부터 불응 요인을 제거했다고 볼 수 있으며, 케냐의 경우 이러한 시민의식의 변화 유도에 상대적으로 실패한 결과 규제순응 확보에 실패했다 할 수 있다. 결과적으로 르완다 사례를 통해 환경규제 규제순응 확보에서의 시민의식 변화 중요성이 검증되며, 강제적 방식일지라도 정부의 주도적 역할로 대상집단이 이해관계 동질화를 이룰 수 있는 사회적 네트워크가 효과적으로 운영된다면 이는 규제순응 확보에 큰 도움이 되고, 이로부터 효과적인 환경규제 집행이 가능할 수 있다는 점을 시사한다. Rwanda implemented an environmental regulation in 2008 that completely banned the production, use, importation, and sale of plastic bags. Today, Rwanda is widely recognized as the most successful case in enforcing the ban. A neighboring country of Rwanda, Kenya, although also implemented similar regulation, is considered to be a less successful case. This research aims to analyze the background of Rwanda's successful implementation of the plastic bag regulation and also the reason why the two countries are witnessing different results from the perspective of regulatory compliance. Environmental regulations, especially those addressing shared resource issues, often have a coercive nature, but at the same time achieving success requires a change in the consciousness of citizens, or in other words, cooperation from civil society, which is the target group of the regulation. Stringent regulations typically face challenges in establishing legitimacy and can lead to non-compliance. However, the Rwandan government successfully eliminated factors of non-compliance by fostering a compulsory community approach, which promoted cooperation and disseminated shared objectives and values among citizens. This approach effectively removed barriers for compliance. Compared to this, Kenyan government could not promote such cooperation among the citizens as effectively as Rwandan government, hence failed to achieve the compliance. This has not only verified the importance of change in the consciousness of citizens for achieving regulative compliance and successful implementaion of environmental regulation, but also implies that even in a coercive approach, if the government takes a proactive role in creating social networks that enable the target group to achieve a shared understanding, it can greatly contribute to securing regulatory compliance.