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Fabio Savoldi,Aggeliki Papoutsi,Simona Dianiskova,Domenico Dalessandri,Stefano Bonetti,James K. H. Tsoi,Jukka P. Matinlinna,Corrado Paganelli 대한치과교정학회 2018 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.48 No.4
Resistance to sliding (RS) between the bracket, wire, and ligature has been largely debated in orthodontics. Despite the extensive number of published studies, the lack of discussion of the methods used has led to little understanding of this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to discuss variables affecting RS in orthodontics and to suggest an operative protocol. The search included PubMed©, Medline©, and the Cochrane Library©. References of full-text articles were manually analyzed. English-language articles published between January 2007 and January 2017 that performed an in vitro analysis of RS between the bracket, wire, and ligature were included. Study methods were analyzed based on the study design, description of materials, and experimental setup, and a protocol to standardize the testing methods was proposed. From 404 articles identified from the database search and 242 records selected from published references, 101 were eligible for the qualitative analysis, and six for the quantitative synthesis. One or more experimental parameters were incompatible and a meta-analysis was not performed. Major factors regarding the study design, materials, and experimental setup were not clearly described by most studies. The normal force, that is the force perpendicular to the sliding of the wire and one of the most relevant variable in RS, was not considered by most studies. Different variables were introduced, often acting as confounding factors. A protocol was suggested to standardize testing procedures and enhance the understanding of in vitro findings.[Korean J Orthod 2018;48(4):268-280]
Benzothiazinones Kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Blocking Arabinan Synthesis
Makarov, V.,Manina, G.,Mikusova, K.,Mollmann, U.,Ryabova, O.,Saint-Joanis, B.,Dhar, N.,Pasca, M. R.,Buroni, S.,Lucarelli, A. P.,Milano, A.,De Rossi, E.,Belanova, M.,Bobovska, A.,Dianiskova, P.,Kordula American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2009 Science Vol.324 No.5928
<P>New drugs are required to counter the tuberculosis (TB) pandemic. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterization of 1,3-benzothiazin-4-ones (BTZs), a new class of antimycobacterial agents that kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro, ex vivo, and in mouse models of TB. Using genetics and biochemistry, we identified the enzyme decaprenylphosphoryl-beta-d-ribose 2'-epimerase as a major BTZ target. Inhibition of this enzymatic activity abolishes the formation of decaprenylphosphoryl arabinose, a key precursor that is required for the synthesis of the cell-wall arabinans, thus provoking cell lysis and bacterial death. The most advanced compound, BTZ043, is a candidate for inclusion in combination therapies for both drug-sensitive and extensively drug-resistant TB.</P>