The Impact of the Morphological Characteristics of Leaves on Particulate Matter Removal Efficiency of Plants

Deokjoo Son,Kwang Jin Kim,Na Ra Jeong,Hyung Gewon Yun,Seung Won Han,Jeongho Kim,Gyung-Ran Do,Seon Hwa Lee,Charlotte C,Shagol 인간식물환경학회 2019 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.22 No.6

This study was conducted to find out differences in the removal efficiency of particulate matter (PM) depending on the type of plants and the morphological characteristics of leaves. A total of 12 plants were used, with three plants selected for each type of leaves (big leaf, small leaf, compound leaf, needle leaf). We measured the removed amount of PM10 and PM2.5, the structure of the abaxial leaf surface, and the weight of the wax layer of each plant. Plants with the high removal efficiency of PM included Pachira aquatica Aubl., Ardisia crenata, and Dieffenbachia Marianne , and plants with the low removal efficiency included Nandina domestica Thunb, Schefflera arboricola, and Quercus dentata. The abaxial leaf surface having a high removal efficiency of PM had many large wrinkles, and the abaxial leaf surface having a medium removal efficiency was flat and smooth. On the other hand, there were many fine hairs on the abaxial leaf surface with a low removal efficiency. According to the plant leaf type, the PM10 removal efficiency of plants with needle leaves was about three times higher than that of other plants. In particular, the wax layer of conifers weighed 6-24 times higher than those of other plants. The stomata of conifers were evenly distributed on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces; however, the stomata of Sciadopitys verticillata appeared in the form of papillae unlike general stomata. Therefore, the removal efficiency of PM varied depending on the macro-, and micro-morphological characteristics of plant leaves such as the structure of the abaxial leaf surface, and the weight of the wax layer. Based on this research, selecting plants that are effective in reducing PM in consideration of the plant type and leaf characteristics will improve indoor air quality and decrease exposure of PM to human body.

Successional changes in plant composition over 15 years in a created wetland in South Korea

Son, Deokjoo,Lee, Hyohyemi,Cho, Kang-Hyun,Bang, Jeong Hwan,Kwon, Oh-Byung,Lee, Eun Ju The Ecological Society of Korea 2018 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.42 No.4

Backgrounds: The main purpose of this research was to assess changes in vegetation structure, wetland index, and diversity index for a 15-year-old created wetland in Jincheon, South Korea. The created wetland consists of four sub-wetlands: a kidney-shaped wetland, a ditch, an ecological pond, and a square wetland. Vegetation and water depth data were collected at each site in 1999 and 2013, and Shannon diversity and wetland indices were calculated. Results: The total number of plant species increased from 18 in 1999 to 50 in 2013, and the ecological pond in 1999 and the ditch in 2013 presented the highest diversity indices (2.5 and 3.2, respectively). Plant species were less diverse in 1999 than in 2013, presumably because these initial wetlands were managed periodically for water purification and installation of test beds. The proportion of wetland plants, including obligate wetland and facultative wetland species, decreased from 83 to 56%, whereas upland plants, including obligate upland and facultative upland species, increased from 17 to 44%. After ceasing water supply, water depth in all four sub-wetlands declined in 2013. Thus, upland plants established more readily at these sites, resulting in higher diversity and lower wetland indices than in 1999. Conclusions: The major floristic differences between 1999 and 2013 were an increase in the number of upland plants and a decrease in wetland species. Although wetland indices were lower in 2013, the created wetland performed important ecosystem functions by providing habitats for wetland and upland plants, and the overall species diversity was high.

Soil Microbial Communities Associated with Three Arctic Plants in Different Local Environments in Ny-Alesund, Svalbard

( Deokjoo Son ),( Eun Ju Lee ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.10

Understanding soil microbial community structure in the Arctic is essential for predicting the impact of climate change on interactions between organisms living in polar environments. The hypothesis of the present study was that soil microbial communities and soil chemical characteristics would vary depending on their associated plant species and local environments in Arctic mature soils. We analyzed soil bacterial communities and soil chemical characteristics from soil without vegetation (bare soil) and rhizosphere soil of three Arctic plants (Cassiope tetragona [L.] D. Don, Dryas octopetala L. and Silene acaulis [L.] Jacq.) in different local environments (coal-mined site and seashore-adjacent site). We did not observe any clear differences in microbial community structure in samples belonging to different plant rhizospheres; however, samples from different environmental sites had distinct microbial community structure. The samples from coal-mined site had a relatively higher abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. On the other hand, Acidobacteria was more prevalent in seashore-adjacent samples. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria decreased toward higher soil pH, whereas that of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was positively correlated with soil pH. Our results suggest that soil bacterial community dissimilarity can be driven by spatial heterogeneity in deglaciated mature soil. Furthermore, these results indicate that soil microbial composition and relative abundance are more affected by soil pH, an abiotic factor, than plant species, a biotic factor.

Mowing: A cause of invasion, but also a potential solution for management of the invasive, alien plant species <i>Erigeron annuus</i> (L.) Pers

Song, Uhram,Son, Deokjoo,Kang, Changku,Lee, Eun Ju,Lee, Kyoo,Park, Jeong Soo Elsevier 2018 Journal of environmental management Vol.223 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Erigeron annuus</I> is one of the major invasive, alien plants in Korea, and therefore research to manage (control) this invasive plant is essential. In this research, studies were conducted to determine the mechanisms by which <I>E. annuus</I> became the dominant plant at a landfill site and to develop management strategies for this alien plant. Because the seeds and seedling stage did not have superior adaptations to disturbed soil, demonstrate allelopathy, outcompete other species, or show rapid growth, the disturbance from mowing was likely the primary reason for the dominance of <I>E. annuus</I>. The areas without mowing showed a significant decrease in the coverage of <I>E. annuus</I>, whereas the mowed (managed) areas showed a significant increase. Additionally, mowing once increased the weight of reproductive organs by 50% and suppressed the growth of native species. Thus, the primary factor in the invasion of the alien species <I>E. annuus</I> was mowing, and, to control such an invasion, areas should be protected from mowing. Additionally, with selective mowing that targeted only <I>E. annuus</I>, mowing three times produced only approximately 10% of the reproductive organ biomass compared with that of the control. Because the flower stalk of <I>E. annuus</I> was relatively tall compared with that of native species in early summer, selective mowing might also provide a solution to control invasions of <I>E. annuus</I>. Therefore, with improved ecological understanding of the site and species, mowing of the right target during the optimal season and at an appropriate frequency is an environmental friendly solution to the management of <I>E. annuus</I>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We examined responsible factor for the Erigeron annuus invasion in managed reclaimed areas. </LI> <LI> Mowing was a responsible factor for <I>Erigeron annuus</I> invasion. </LI> <LI> Changing mowing season and mowing frequency suppressed invasion. </LI> <LI> Appropriate mowing could be a potential solution for controlling <I>Erigeron annuus</I> invasion. </LI> </UL> </P>

스킨답서스 잎의 흡수에 의한 미세먼지 제거 효율

김광진(Kwangjin Kim),손덕주(Deokjoo Son),정나라(Na Ra Jeong),윤형권(Hyung Gewon Yun),한승원(Seung Won Han),유수진(Soojin You) 한국원예학회 2019 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2019 No.10

Multivariate Relationships between Snowmelt and Plant Distributions in the High Arctic Tundra

Park, Jeong Soo,Son, Deokjoo,Lee, Yoo Kyung,Yun, Jong Hak,Lee, Eun Ju Botanical Society of Korea 2018 Journal of plant biology Vol.61 No.1

We investigated multivariate relationships among snowmelt, soil physicochemical properties and the distribution patterns of Arctic tundra vegetation. Seven dominant species were placed in three groups (Veg-1, 2, 3) based on niche overlap (Pianka's Index) and ordination method, and a partial least squares path model was applied to estimate complex multivariate relationships of four latent variables on the abundance and richness of plant species. The abundance of Veg-1 (Luzula confusa and Salix polaris) was positively correlated with early snowmelt time, high soil nutrients and dense moss cover, but the abundance of Veg-2 (Saxifraga oppositifolia, Bistorta vivipara and Silene acaulis) was negatively correlated with these three variables. Plant richness was positively associated with early snowmelt and hydrological properties. Our results indicate that the duration of the snowpack can directly influence soil chemical properties and plant distribution. Furthermore, plant species richness was significantly affected by snow melt time in addition to soil moisture and moss cover. We predict that L. confusa and S. polaris may increase in abundance in response to early snowmelt and increased soil moisture-nutrient availability, which may be facilitated by climate change. Other forb species in dry and infertile soil may decrease in abundance in response to climate change, due to increasingly unfavourable environmental conditions and competition with mosses.

Identification of Plant Response to the Human Behavior of Crushing Plants

Kwang Jin Kim,Hyeon Ju Kim,Deokjoo Son,Na Ra Jeong,Hyung Gewon Yun,Seung Won Han,Soojin You,Chan-joong Kim,Seon Hwa Lee 인간식물환경학회 2019 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.22 No.6

We identified how plants affected by the human behavior of crushing plants respond and what kind of plants responded sensitively. We investigated Lactuca sativa “Gaesebadak , Syneilesis palmata and Peucedanum japonicum as plants that humans use for edible purposes, and Achyranthes japonica and Bidens bipinnata as wild plants that stick to people s clothes and disperse seed. Plants exposed to human breathing air were compared with those exposed to human breathing air after being crushed. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a chemical word, was measured using Syft/MS, which detects real-time VOC, and related genes were analyzed. The amount of MeJA of Syneilesis palmata and Peucedanum japonicum as edible plants was greater than that of non-edible plants that disperse seeds using humans. The amount of MeJA ranged from 0.20 ppb to 0.35 ppb when the control group were not exposed to human breathing air. On the other hand, MeJA decreased after increasing for the first hour in human breathing air. Also, MeJA affected by human breathing after crushing plants was higher than that affected by just human breathing air. Peucedanum japonicum showed the most distinctive difference between the treatment with human breathing after crushing plants and the treatment with just human breathing. In addition, the gene activity of JAR1 and JMT increased 3 hours after the treatment with human breathing after crushing plants. Therefore, in the treatment with human breathing after crushing plants, the concentration of MeJA and the activity of related genes showed the same tendency to increase. As a result, the plant that responded sensitively to human behavior was Peucedanum japonicum. Plants released MeJA as a chemical word in the treatment with human breathing air after crushing plants.

Multivariate Relationships between Snowmelt and Plant Distributions in the High Arctic Tundra

Eun Ju Lee,Jeong Soo Park,Deokjoo Son,Yoo Kyung Lee,Jong-Hak Yun 한국식물학회 2018 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.61 No.1

We investigated multivariate relationships amongsnowmelt, soil physicochemical properties and the distributionpatterns of Arctic tundra vegetation. Seven dominant specieswere placed in three groups (Veg-1, 2, 3) based on nicheoverlap (Pianka’s Index) and ordination method, and a partialleast squares path model was applied to estimate complexmultivariate relationships of four latent variables on theabundance and richness of plant species. The abundance ofVeg-1 (Luzula confusa and Salix polaris) was positivelycorrelated with early snowmelt time, high soil nutrients anddense moss cover, but the abundance of Veg-2 (Saxifragaoppositifolia, Bistorta vivipara and Silene acaulis) wasnegatively correlated with these three variables. Plant richnesswas positively associated with early snowmelt and hydrologicalproperties. Our results indicate that the duration of thesnowpack can directly influence soil chemical properties andplant distribution. Furthermore, plant species richness wassignificantly affected by snow melt time in addition to soilmoisture and moss cover. We predict that L. confusa and S. polaris may increase in abundance in response to earlysnowmelt and increased soil moisture-nutrient availability,which may be facilitated by climate change. Other forbspecies in dry and infertile soil may decrease in abundancein response to climate change, due to increasingly unfavourableenvironmental conditions and competition with mosses.

조성 후 15년이 경과한 인공습지의 식물상과 식생구조

손덕주,이효혜미,이은주,조강현,권동민,Son, Deokjoo,Lee, Hyohyemi,Lee, Eun Ju,Cho, Kang-Hyun,Kwon, Dongmin 응용생태공학회 2015 Ecology and resilient infrastructure Vol.2 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the flora and vegetation structure at a 15-year-old artificial wetland for the water purification in Jincheon, Korea. The percentage of species number of obligate wetland plants and facultative wetland plants totaled 40%, whereas that of obligate upland plants and facultative upland plants was 57%. This result showed that the artificial wetland in the study experienced terrestrialization. The number of annual and biennial plants that are pioneer vegetation in a successional stage was lower than that of perennial herbs as a result of the long-term stabilization of vegetation. From the results of DCA (detrended correspondence analysis), water depth played an important role on the classification of vegetation structure in an old artificial wetland. Species diversity was higher in the terrestrialized plant communities such as Iris pseudacorus and Aster koraiensis than in any other wetland communities. Plant communities could be classified according to the wetland indices; obligate upland for A. koraiensis community, facultative wetlands for Carex dispalata var. dispalata and I. pseudacorus community, and obligate wetlands for Nymphoides peltata, Nymphaea tetragona, Phragmites communis, Potamogeton maackianus, and Typha angustifolia community. In conclusion, this result suggests that wetland vegetation should be maintained against terrestrialization through the proper management of sedimentation and hydrological regime in an artificial wetland. 본 연구에서는 충북 진천에 위치한 총 면적 $3,000m^2$ 인 수질정화용 인공습지에서 조성 15년 후의 식물상과 식생구조를 파악하였다. 이곳 인공습지에서는 총 93종의 식물종이 출현하였고, 절대습지식물과 임의습지식물의 비율이 40%, 절대육상식물과 임의육상식물의 비율은 57%로 나타나 천이에 의하여 인공습지가 점차 육상화되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 천이가 진행됨에 따라 천이 선구자 종인 1, 2년생 식물보다 다년생 식물의 종수 비율이 높아졌다. DCA (detrended correspondence analysis) 결과, 습지 군집 구조를 결정하는 중요한 환경요인은 수심이었다. 군집별 종다양성은 노랑꽃창포 군집, 벌개미취 군집 등의 육상화된 군집에서 높았다. 식물 군집별 습지지수는 벌개미취 군집은 육상, 삿갓사초 및 노랑꽃창포 군집은 임의습지, 노랑어리연꽃, 수련, 갈대, 새우가래 및 애기부들 군집은 절대습지로 나타났다. 결론적으로 인공습지에서는 천이에 의하여 식물 군집의 육상화가 진행되므로 퇴적과 수문 체계를 지속적으로 관리하여 습지식생을 유지할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단되었다.