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CT-26 선암을 접종한 마우스에서 Iodine-131-Iodomisonidazole 의 생체분포 및 종양저산소증의 영상화
Yang, David J,Kim, E Edmund,김혜원,김창근,윤권하,김현정,정선관,노병석,Lee, Hyun-Chul 대한핵의학회 1999 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.33 No.3
urpose: Misonidazole is a radiosensitizer that binds in hypoxic cells. The purpose of this study was to find out the feasibility of I-131-Iodomisonidazole (IMISO) for imaging of tumor hypoxia. Materials and Methods: Tosyl precursor was dissolved in acetonitrile and I-131-NaI was added to synthesize IMISO. Balb/c mice inoculated with CT-26 adenocarcinoma were injected with IMISO. Mice were sacrificed at 1,2,4,24 hr and % of injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) was determined. For scintigraphy and MRI, mouse bearing CT-26 adenocarcinoma was administered with IMISO and imaging was performed 4 hr after. Then, mouse body was fixed and microtomized slice was placed on radiographic film for autoradiography. Results: %ID/g of tumor was 1.64 (1h), 0.98 (2h), 0.85 (4h) and 0.20 (24h), respectively. At 24h, %ID/g of tumor was higher than that of all other tissues except thyroid. Tumor to muscle ratio increased with time and tumor to blood ratio also increased with time and reached 1.53 at 24 hr. On autoradiogram, tumor was well visualized as an increased activity in central hypoxic area of the tumor which corresponds to the area of high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR image. On scintigraphy, tumor uptake was visualized. Conclusion: This results suggest that IMISO may have a potential for tumor hypoxia imaging in mouse model. However, further study is needed to improve it's localization in tumor tissue and to achieve acceptable images of tumor hypoxia.
양창모 ( David Chang-mo Yang ) 밴쿠버기독교세계관대학원 2019 통합연구 Vol.21 No.2
빅 데이터의 사용에 관하여 최근 많은 토론이 발생하고 있는 세 영역(기업, 정부, 과학 연구)에 대하여 성경적 원칙을 염두에 두고 살펴본다. 빅 데이터라는 개념의 요약으로 시작하여 민간 및 공공 부문에서 수집되고 사용되는 빅 데이터가 일반 시민의 삶에 미치는 영향에 대해 고찰한다. 과학 연구를 통해 얻어지는 결론이 대중에게 전달 및 인식되는 방식에 어떤 변화가 일어나는지 논의한다. 저자는 이러한 변화가 시사하는 바에 대한 논의가 계속될 것을 제안한다. Three areas (business, government, scientific research) in which the use of Big Data has recently generated much discussion of values are examined, with biblical principles in mind. After a discussion of the historical development of Big Data as a concept, the impact on the lives of ordinary citizens as a result of its collection and use by private and public sectors is considered. Changes in the way scientific conclusions are presented and viewed are also discussed. A case is made for continued discussion of these implications in other areas.
Yang, Sung-Il,Kaplan, David Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 1995 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.28 No.4
The GTPase activating protein (GAP) can function both as a negative regulator and an effector of $p21^{ras}$. Overexpression of GAP in NIH-3T3 cells has been shown to inhibit transformation by ms or src. To investigate the function of GAP in a differentiative system, we overexpressed this protein in the nerve growth factor (NGF)-responsive PC12 cell line. Two-fold overexpression of GAP caused a delay of several days in the onset of NGF- but not FGF-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. However, the NGF-induced activation or tyrosine phosphorylation of upstream (Trk, PLC-${\gamma}1$, SHC) and downstream (B-Raf and $p44^{mapk/erk1}$) components of $p21^{ras}$, signalling cascade was not altered by GAP overexpression. Therefore, the change of phenotype induced by GAP was probably not due to GAP functioning as a negative regulator of $p21^{ras}$. Rather, we found that NGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of SNT, a specific target of neurotrophin-induced tyrosine kinase activity, was inhibited by GAP overexpression. SNT is thought to function upstream or independent of $p21^{ras}$. Thus in PC12 cells, overexpressed GAP may control the rate of neuronal differentiation through a pathway involving SNT rather than the $p21^{ras}$ signalling pathway.
Comparisons in Consonant Confusions with and without gain for the Hearing-Impaired Listeners
Yang-soo Yoon,David M. Gooler,Jont B. Allen,Jae-sook Gho 한국언어재활사협회 2017 Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders Vol.2 No.1
Purpose: The present study aimed determining the effect of audibility on a consonant-by-consonant perception and on perceptual confusions per hearing-impaired (HI) listener. Methods: Six participants with sensorineural hearing loss participated. Sixteen consonant-vowel (CV) syllables with the common vowel /a/ were presented as a function of signal-to-noise ratio. Gains were computed with subject’s hearing thresholds by using National Acoustics’ Laboratory - Revised Compensation Rule. Then the gains were applied to each of the 16 CV syllables. Consonant confusions were measured without and with gain. Results: We identified three levels of difficulty in CV perception regardless of applying gain: Easy- /ga/, /ka/, /ma/, /na/, /pa/, /∫a/; Moderate - /da/, /fa/, /sa/, /ta/, /ʒa/, /za/; Difficult- /ba/, /va/, /δa/, and /θa/. Enhanced audibility improved performance most for Moderate set and little for the Easy set, but created negative effect on performance for the Difficult set. The effect of gain is also listener-specific: three out of the six listeners received benefit while other three listeners experienced negative effect from CVs with gain. The confusion analysis showed that subjects who benefited had the same primary competitors between gain and no-gain conditions, while subjects who did not benefit had additional competitors with gain. Conclusions: The preliminary results of this study indicate that audibility is one of the primary factors influencing speech recognition of HI listeners, but reduced audibility alone cannot explain the difficulty of HI listeners to understand speech-in-noise. A more affirmative conclusions can be made with further analyzing data from larger sample size.
David, A.E.,Cole, A.J.,Chertok, B.,Park, Y.S.,Yang, V.C. Elsevier Science Publishers 2011 Journal of controlled release Vol.152 No.1
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) continue to draw considerable attention as potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the fight against cancer. Although many interacting forces present themselves during magnetic targeting of MNP to tumors, most theoretical considerations of this process ignore all except for the magnetic and drag forces. Our validation of a simple in vitro model against in vivo data, and subsequent reproduction of the in vitro results with a theoretical model indicated that these two forces do indeed dominate the magnetic capture of MNP. However, because nanoparticles can be subject to aggregation, and large MNP experience an increased magnetic force, the effects of surface forces on MNP stability cannot be ignored. We accounted for the aggregating surface forces simply by measuring the size of MNP retained from flow by magnetic fields, and utilized this size in the mathematical model. This presumably accounted for all particle-particle interactions, including those between magnetic dipoles. Thus, our ''corrected'' mathematical model provided a reasonable estimate of not only fractional MNP retention, but also predicted the regions of accumulation in a simulated capillary. Furthermore, the model was also utilized to calculate the effects of MNP size and spatial location, relative to the magnet, on targeting of MNPs to tumors. This combination of an in vitro model with a theoretical model could potentially assist with parametric evaluations of magnetic targeting, and enable rapid enhancement and optimization of magnetic targeting methodologies.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Musculoskeletal Pain in Korean Farmers
David Min,Sora Baek,Hee-won Park,Sang-Ah Lee,Jiyoung Moon,Jae E. Yang,Ki Sung Kim,Jee Yong Kim,Eun Kyoung Kang 대한재활의학회 2016 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.40 No.1
Objective To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of musculoskeletal pain (MSK) pain in Korean farmers using initial survey data of Farmers' Cohort for Agricultural Work-Related MSK pain (FARM) study. Methods Farmers (534 females and 479 males; mean age 57.2±7.5 years) who owned or rented a farm and belonged to an agricultural cooperative unit were recruited. Presence of pain for each body part (neck, shoulder, arm/elbow, wrist/hand/finger, low back, leg/foot), and characteristics of MSK pain (prevalence, location, duration, severity, and frequency) during the last year was assessed. Additionally, demographic data such as farming duration, history of prior injury, and workload (low, moderate, somewhat hard, or hard) were collected using structured questionnaires. Results Almost all subjects (n=925; 91.3%) complained of pain in more than one body part. The frequency order was low back (63.8%), leg/foot (43.3%), shoulder (42.9%), wrist/hand/finger (26.6%), arm/elbow (25.3%), and neck (21.8%). Low back pain was more frequent in those with over 30 years of farming experience (odds ratio [OR], 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.81). MSK pain was related to history of prior injury (OR, 2.18–5.24; p<0.05) in all body parts except for leg/foot, and very hard workload was associated with low back, leg/foot, neck, shoulder, and wrist/hand/finger pain (OR, 2.88–10.83; p<0.05). Conclusion Most Korean farmers experience MSK pain; furthermore, there is a significant association between pain, history of prior injury, and workload, suggestive of the necessity of coping and preventive strategies to reduce injury or workload.