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David J. O’Brien 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2012 Journal of Eurasian Studies Vol.3 No.1
New Institutional Economics (NIE) and New Institutional Sociology (NIS) provide complementary paradigms with which to understand the relationship between formal institutional changes in a reform period and informal institutional structures with which household economies adapt to reform policies. Survey data gathered from rural Russian households from 1991 to 2006 provide an empirical test of hypotheses drawn from NIE and NIS. The most important finding is that in the absence of secure formal property rights informal institutional elements played the dominant role in entrepreneurship and inequality between households in the Russian countryside, but that as formal institutions became legitimized, and the overall economy stabilized, households that made use of these new institutional arrangements had significant advantages vis-à-vis other households. At the same time, regions which have provided opportunities for households to develop a “mixed economy” that combines household enterprise production, which relies to a significant degree on informal institutional elements, and wages and salaries (i.e., working for others), which is based on the legitimization of formal institutional arrangements, have produced substantially higher mean household incomes than have other regions.
NEW ARCHITECTURE OF SUPRAMOLECULAR ASSEMBLES OF POLYMERIZABLE PHOSPHOLIPIDS
이연식 ( Youn Sik Lee ),( David F. O. Brien ) 한국공업화학회 1993 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.1993 No.0
Polymerization of supramolecular assemblies of phospholipids such as monolayers, multilayers, and bilayer vesicles has been actively studied in the last decade in order to modify the chemical and physical properties of the membranes. Certain amphiphites are known to form the inverted hexagonal phase (H<sub>Ⅱ</sub>) and/or the inverted bicontinuous cubic phase (Q<sub>Ⅱ</sub>) under appropriate experimental conditions. Knowledge accumulated from the two-dimensional assemblies open opportunities to prepare the stabilized new architecture via polymerization. Methyl-branched phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylenthanolamine (PE) containing dienoyl group were synthesized with multi-steps. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 31P-NMR, and X- ray diffraction were employed to support formation of the nonlamellar lipid assemblies. Preliminary results of formation and polymerization of the assemblies as well as synthesis of the polymerizable phospholipids will be presented.
7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Brain Glutamate in Acute Ischaemic Stroke
John-Paul Nicolo,Bradford Moffat,David K. Wright,Benjamin Sinclair,Andrew Neal,Elaine Lui,Patricia Desmond,Rebecca Glarin,Kathryn A. Davis,Ravinder Reddy,Bernard Yan,Terence J. O’Brien,Patrick Kwan 대한뇌졸중학회 2021 Journal of stroke Vol.23 No.2
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SIRT3-Mediated Dimerization of IDH2 Directs Cancer Cell Metabolism and Tumor Growth
Zou, Xianghui,Zhu, Yueming,Park, Seong-Hoon,Liu, Guoxiang,O'Brien, Joseph,Jiang, Haiyan,Gius, David American Association for Cancer Research 2017 Cancer research Vol.77 No.15
<P>These findings identify SIRT3 as a potential tumor suppressor, mediating its effects by limiting the ability of IDH2 to drive cancer cell metabolism and malignant progression.</P><P>The isocitrate dehydrogenase IDH2 produces α-ketoglutarate by oxidizing isocitrate, linking glucose metabolism to oxidative phosphorylation. In this study, we report that loss of SIRT3 increases acetylation of IDH2 at lysine 413 (IDH2-K413-Ac), thereby decreasing its enzymatic activity by reducing IDH2 dimer formation. Expressing a genetic acetylation mimetic IDH2 mutant (IDH2<SUP>K413Q</SUP>) in cancer cells decreased IDH2 dimerization and enzymatic activity and increased cellular reactive oxygen species and glycolysis, suggesting a shift in mitochondrial metabolism. Concurrently, overexpression of IDH2<SUP>K413Q</SUP> promoted cell transformation and tumorigenesis in nude mice, resulting in a tumor-permissive phenotype. IHC staining showed that IDH2 acetylation was elevated in high-risk luminal B patients relative to low-risk luminal A patients. Overall, these results suggest a potential relationship between SIRT3 enzymatic activity, IDH2-K413 acetylation-determined dimerization, and a cancer-permissive phenotype. <I>Cancer Res; 77(15); 3990–9. ©2017 AACR</I>.</P>
( Steven R. Potter ),( Randall Hinojosa ),( Cliff D. Miles ),( Dan O’brien ),( David J. Ross ) 대한신장학회 2020 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.39 No.4
Background: Donor-derived, cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) level correlates with allograft injury with clinical validity and utility for quiescence and active acute rejection (AR) in kidney transplant recipients. We analyzed trends in dd-cfDNA level immediately preceding and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with implemented “shelter in place” and a tele-health strategy with remote home phlebotomy to limit COVID-19 exposure. Methods: During COVID-19 in the United States (US), we surveyed weekly (January 6, 2020-May 25, 2020) metrics for dd-cfDNA corresponding to both a low risk for active rejection (dd-cfDNA < 0.5%) and cohorts with indeterminate levels of 0.5% to 1.0% and > 1.0%. During the study timeframe, over 11,000 patient samples (67%) from 150 kidney transplantation centers were transitioned from standard facility-based to remote phlebotomy. Results: The proportion of dd-cfDNA samples, analyzed in 21 weekly aggregated cohorts by risk-stratification category, was unchanged during the COVID-19 escalation in the US. Linearized slopes for numbers of samples corresponding to indeterminate risk for AR cohorts of > 1.0% and 0.5% to 1.0% were -0.31 and -0.12, respectively; indicating that prevalence of these “at risk for AR cohorts” decreased during remote surveillance. Approximately 73% of samples corresponded to low risk of AR (dd-cfDNA < 0.5%), while an additional 15% of samples had dd-cfDNA level ≤ 1.0%. Conclusion: The combination of remote home phlebotomy including dd-cfDNA analysis and a tele-health program offer a new paradigm that may substantially improve patient compliance and assuage anxiety regarding the state of kidney allograft health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further prospective multi-center studies with robust outcomes data are warranted.