The Perspectives and Alerters on Request for EFL Learners of English

David B. Kim 한국영미어문학회 2015 영미어문학 Vol.- No.116

David B. Kim. 2015. The Perspectives and Alerters on Request for EFL Learners of English. Studies in British and American Language and Literature 116, 209-232. This study investigates the different types of perspective and alerter on request, and the relation of the two features for Korean EFL learners of English. After studying request strategies for one semester, the 64 participants studying general English conversation were presented with six different pragmatic situations on request and asked to write request strategies including four types of perspective and eight types of alerter as they would like to use in the natural speaking context. First, in the results of perspectives, the participants frequently used the speaker oriented and the hearer oriented perspectives in the socially intimate situation. Most of them used the patterns of the textbook in the socially distant situation and employed the two perspectives for their major strategies in socially equal situation, Second, the cross tabulation analysis summarized the relationship between perspective and alerter. In the socially intimate situation, the participants preferred to use the hearer oriented or the speaker oriented strategies. The participants used suitable strategies to meet the socially distant situation. However, the participants used different types of perspectives with different alerters in socially equal situation. In conclusion, though some results in each category did not show any consistencies, the use of learners’ strategies was similar to those of previous studies.

Predictors of durable immune responses six months after the last vaccination in preventive HIV vaccine trials

Huang, Yunda,Zhang, Lily,Janes, Holly,Frahm, Nicole,Isaacs, Abby,Kim, Jerome H.,Montefiori, David,McElrath, M. Julie,Tomaras, Georgia D.,Gilbert, Peter B. Elsevier 2017 Vaccine Vol.35 No.8

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>The evaluation of durable immune responses is important in HIV vaccine research and development. The efficiency of such evaluation could be increased by incorporating predictors of the responses in the statistical analysis. In this paper, we investigated whether and how baseline demographic variables and immune responses measured two weeks after vaccination predicted durable immune responses measured six months later.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We included data from seven preventive HIV vaccine regimens evaluated in three clinical trials: a Phase 1 study of four DNA, NYVAC and/or AIDSVAX vaccine regimens (HVTN096), a Phase 2 study of two DNA and/or MVA vaccine regimens (HVTN205), and a Phase 3 study of a single ALVAC/AIDSVAX regimen (RV144). Regularized random forests and linear regression models were used to identify and evaluate predictors of the positivity and magnitude of durable immune responses.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We analyzed 201 vaccine recipients with data from 10 to 127 immune response biomarkers, and 3–5 demographic variables. The best prediction of participants’ durable response positivity based on two-week responses rendered up to close-to-perfect accuracy; the best prediction of participants’ durable response magnitude rendered correlation coefficients between the observed and predicted responses ranging up to 0.91. Though prediction performances differed among biomarkers, durable immune responses were best predicted by the two-week response level of the same biomarker. Adding demographic information and two-week response levels of different biomarkers provided little or no improvement in the predictions.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>For some biomarkers and for the vaccines we studied, two-week post-vaccination responses can well predict durable responses six months later. Therefore, if immune response durability is only assessed in a sub-sample of vaccine recipients, statistical analyses of durable responses will have increased efficiency by incorporating two-week response data. Further research is needed to generalize the findings to other vaccine regimens and biomarkers.</P> <P>Clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: NCT01799954, NCT00820846, NCT00223080.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> HIV vaccine-induced immune responses at 2weeks predict those 6months later. </LI> <LI> The former responses can increase evaluation efficiency of vaccine durability. </LI> <LI> The former responses of the same biomarker best predict the latter. </LI> <LI> Demographics and responses of other biomarkers add little for prediction. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Canadian EFL Teachers’ and The Canadian General Public’s Preferences for Spelling Words with Variants

David B. Kim(David B. Kim) 한국캐나다학회 2012 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.18 No.1·2

This study has looked into Canadian EFL teachers' and the Canadian general public's preference for spelling English words with variants. Although this study may not be representative of all of Canadian population's preference for spelling words with variants, it does portray the change and trend in spelling practices of Canadians, both who are “well-educated” and less “well-educated.” The quantitative and qualitative analyses of survey questionnaires have clearly shown that Canadian EFL teachers and the Canadian general public prefer (60:40 ratio) to spell words with variants more in the British tradition. Also, “non-academic” factors stated in comments section of the questionnaires clearly show that education is not the only factor which influence one's preference for spelling. Cultual, emotional, social, political and psychological factors also influence one's decision regarding choices related to spelling.

A Study of Head Acts and Perspectives on Request in CSAT

Kim, David B. 한국중앙영어영문학회 2010 영어영문학연구 Vol.52 No.1

This study investigates the different types of head acts and perspectives on request strategies in Korean College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT). The data on speech acts of request were selected from the scripts of listening and speaking items from five years of CSAT (2005-2009). Each test contains 17 items of speech activities: 12 listening items and 5 speaking items. The results show that most test items demonstrate an adequate reflection of head acts and perspectives of request strategies, while several items represent some deficiency in the reflection of some strategies. The deficiency partly comes from the lack of diversity in the frequency of head acts: performatives, hedged performatives, obligation, want statements, strong hints and mild hints. In the perspectives, most items represent ‘hearer oriented’ strategies in most of tests. While some tests focus on ‘speaker oriented’ and ‘speaker and hearer oriented’ strategies, ‘impersonal’ strategies hardly occur for all five years. Most items have equal occurrences between a speaker and a listener in the social situations, but social familarity is different depending on the types of items. This study suggests that test developers should consider various head acts and perspectives in CSAT.

Analysis of Korean University EFL Learners’ “Adjective+Noun” Collocational Competency

( Kim David B ) 대한영어영문학회 2008 영어영문학연구 Vol.34 No.4

The purpose of this study was to analyze Korean university EFL learners’ “adjective+noun” collocational competency and make instructional suggestions based on the results of the analyses. Twenty-four students, respectively, in their first and fourth year of study were given cloze test which consisted of 40 collocation questions. Both groups’ results were quantitatively analyzed first to see for any “distinctive patterns” that would emerge. Then, any notable or significant answers that emerged were qualitative analyzed. According to this study, the following 4 points must be observed in the teaching of English “adjective+noun” collocation: 1) There is a clear need to incorporate “collocation-rich” texts into the teaching of spoken and written English. 2) EFL learners should be exposed to “synonym study” beginning with the most frequent adjectives found in the “adjective+noun” collocation. 3) EFL learners should be given a task where they list all the phrases to do with certain subjects which would make them focus on lexical sets as a way of building up word associations and their knowledge of collocation (Willis & Willis, 1996). 4) Give EFL learners two sets of partial sentences to match in a pair work and later reinforce it through a writing task. (Kyungwon University)

Learner Reaction in Teaching English through English

David B. Kim 한국영미어문학회 2008 영미어문학 Vol.- No.89

The purpose of this study is to analyze the ‘interaction variables’ between the teachers and the students in Teaching English through English (TETE) in Korean middle school English classroom. Two teachers, one female and one male, led the middle school (Year 2) English classes for 16 periods and recorded the interactions between the teachers and the students. Recordings were transcribed by the means of the transcription symbols and analyzed based on the taxonomy of foreign language interaction analysis system. Students responded to the teachers with non-verbal reactions such as a surprised look, laughter, noise, and silence. Other notable learner reaction is a ‘discontinuity’ though the teachers made efforts to reduce them. The students' utterances are mostly off-topic, discontinuities, choral responses, and student-student interaction. In conclusion, in Teaching English through English, any policies geared toward the upgrading the level of the English education must consider the realities of the actual classroom situations.

Canadian EFL Teachers' and The Canadian General Public's Preferences for Spelling Words with Variants

David B. Kim 한국영어교육연구학회 2007 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.35

This study has looked into Canadian EFL teachers' and the Canadian general public's preference for spelling English words with variants. Although this study may not be representative of all of Canadian population's preference for spelling words with variants, it does portray the change and trend in spelling practices of Canadians, both who are 'well-educated' and less 'well-educated.' The quantitative and qualitative analyses of survey questionnaires have clearly shown that Canadian EFL teachers and the Canadian general public prefer (60 : 40 ratio) to spell words with variants more in the British tradition. Also, 'non-academic' factors stated in comments section of the questionnaires clearly show that education is not the only factor which influence one's preference for spelling. Cultual, emotional, social, political and psychological factors also influence one's decision regarding choices related to spelling.

Selective Contact Anneal Effects on Indium Oxide Nanowire Transistors using Femtosecond Laser

Kim, Seongmin,Kim, Sunkook,Srisungsitthisunti, Pornsak,Lee, Chunghun,Xu, Min,Ye, Peide D.,Qi, Minghao,Xu, Xianfan,Zhou, Chongwu,Ju, Sanghyun,Janes, David B. American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.115 No.34

<P>Nanowire materials have gained great interest as promising candidates for high-performance logic devices to sustain the progress in device scaling. However, little research has been conducted to investigate the role of contacts on the device performance accompanied by an appropriate physical model in nanodevices, although effects of the contacts will prevail as the channel scales. In this study, we investigate the effect of annealing using a femtosecond-laser focused at the contact region between the source-drain electrodes and the nanowire. On the basis of the direct comparison of device characteristics before and after annealing, a contact model is introduced, which could be generally applicable to nanowire transistors with overlap between gate region and source-drain regions. Low-frequency noise measurements in the devices reveal that the <I>I</I><SUB>d</SUB><SUP>2</SUP> normalized noise spectrum and Hooge’s constant are reduced following laser annealing.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2011/jpccck.2011.115.issue-34/jp203342j/production/images/medium/jp-2011-03342j_0004.gif'></P>

A Mechanogenetic Toolkit for Interrogating Cell Signaling in Space and Time

Seo, Daeha,Southard, Kaden M.,Kim, Ji-wook,Lee, Hyun Jung,Farlow, Justin,Lee, Jung-uk,Litt, David B.,Haas, Thomas,Alivisatos, A. Paul,Cheon, Jinwoo,Gartner, Zev J.,Jun, Young-wook Cell Press 2016 Cell Vol. No.

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Tools capable of imaging and perturbing mechanical signaling pathways with fine spatiotemporal resolution have been elusive, despite their importance in diverse cellular processes. The challenge in developing a mechanogenetic toolkit (i.e., selective and quantitative activation of genetically encoded mechanoreceptors) stems from the fact that many mechanically activated processes are localized in space and time yet additionally require mechanical loading to become activated. To address this challenge, we synthesized magnetoplasmonic nanoparticles that can image, localize, and mechanically load targeted proteins with high spatiotemporal resolution. We demonstrate their utility by investigating the cell-surface activation of two mechanoreceptors: Notch and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin). By measuring cellular responses to a spectrum of spatial, chemical, temporal, and mechanical inputs at the single-molecule and single-cell levels, we reveal how spatial segregation and mechanical force cooperate to direct receptor activation dynamics. This generalizable technique can be used to control and understand diverse mechanosensitive processes in cell signaling.</P> <P><B>Video Abstract</B></P> <P>Display Omitted</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Development of a mechanogenetic single-cell perturbation approach </LI> <LI> Interrogation of the spatial, chemical, and mechanical responses of Notch receptors </LI> <LI> Identification of the roles of spatial and mechanical cues on VE-cadherin signaling </LI> <LI> Spatiotemporal and quantitative control of single-cell transcription by nanoprobes </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Tautomycetin Thioesterase: Analysis of a Stereoselective Polyketide Hydrolase

Scaglione, Jamie B.,Akey, David L.,Sullivan, Rachel,Kittendorf, Jeffrey D.,Rath, Christopher M.,Kim, Eung-Soo,Smith, Janet L.,Sherman, David H. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Angewandte Chemie Vol.49 No.33

<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>A narrow tunnel: Biochemical and structural analysis of the tautomycetin thioesterase (TE) has provided the first high-resolution structure of a linear-chain-terminating TE in polyketide biosynthesis, showing the enzyme to be stereoselective with a constrained substrate chamber relative to macrolactone-forming thioesterases. <img src='wiley_img_2010/14337851-2010-49-33-ANIE201000032-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/14337851-2010-49-33-ANIE201000032-content'> </P>