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Dao-Wei Zhang,Hui-Juan Wang,Xing Jin,Bi-Ying Pan,Bo-Ping Zeng,Zhong-Jiu Xiao,Cai-Di Xu,Bin Tang 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.3
Glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) are two key enzymes in the glycogen synthesis pathway, which catalyze trehalose and glucose transformation in insects. GS and GP can be regulated by trehalose metabolism, which plays an important role in insect growth. However, it is not known whether these genes can be targeted for pest control through regulation of chitin metabolism. We studied the function of Nilaparvata lugens GS and GP (NLGS and NLGP, respectively) using RNA interference, and reported that trehalose and the chitin biosynthesis pathways are regulated by GP and GS, especially TPS3, TRE1-1, and G6PI1, which decreased following knockdown of these two genes. The expression levels of TPS1, TPS2, and several chitin synthesis pathway family genes were significantly increased following dsNlGP injection. Additionally, despite there being no apparent change to the chitin content, an abnormal molting phenotype and wing deformity appeared, and close to 25% insects died. These results demonstrate that silencing of NLGP or NLGS can lead to molting deformities and an elevated mortality rate through the regulation of chitin pathway genes and chitinase genes. NLGP may play a key role in chitin synthesis due to the number of genes regulated, and higher deformity and mortality rates resulting from its knockdown.
Robust Multi-mode Flight Control Design for an Unmanned Helicopter Based on Multi-loop Structure
Hong-qiang Wang,Dao-bo Wang,Hai-bin Duan,Ashfaq Ahmad Mian 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2009 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.7 No.5
In this paper, a novel multi-mode flight control strategy for unmanned helicopter, in presence of model uncertainty, atmospheric disturbances and handling qualities specification requirements (as in ADS-33E), based on multi-loop control structure combining robust H-infinity and PI control is presented. In inner loop H-infinity optimal control technique is utilized ensuring the stability of flight control system in case of change of helicopter dynamics, model uncertainties and eliminates effect of gust disturbance on helicopter states and collective/cyclic inputs. PI control in outer loop is used to improve the dynamic and static operation characteristics. Attitude control and attitude holding flight mode with satisfactory command response and decoupling characteristics is designed using the proposed control strategy. Analysis and simulation results show that Level 1 handling requirements as defined in ADS-33E are accomplished even when helicopter is under constant wind circumstance.